MySQL Clustering

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ISBN: 9780672328558 | 0672328550
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 3/20/2006

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"MySQL Clustering is the comprehensive guide to installing, administering, and troubleshooting a MySQL database cluster. With useful examples that show how to accomplish back-up, security, performance, and troubleshooting, it is the definitive reference and guide."--BOOK JACKET.

Introduction

(1)

Introduction to Database Clustering

(4)

Why Cluster a Database?

(1)

Types of Clustering

(1)

Replication Versus Clustering

(1)

Hardware Considerations with MySQL Cluster

(1)

Networking Considerations with MySQL Cluster

(1)

Why Use a MySQL Cluster?

(1)

High Availability

(1)

Scalability

(1)

Performance

(1)

Other Advanced Features

(1)

Cluster Terminology

(9)

How a MySQL Cluster Works

(1)

Different Parts of a Cluster in MySQL Cluster

(1)

The MySQL Cluster Storage Engine

(1)

MyISAM Versus NDB

(1)

InnoDB Versus NDB

(1)

Limitations of NDB

(1)

Data Partitioning

(1)

Benefits of Partitioning

(1)

Synchronous Replication

(1)

Node Groups

(1)

A Practical Example of Partitioning and Node Groups

(1)

Network Partitioning and Arbitration

(1)

A Brief History of MySQL Cluster

(1)

What's New in MySQL Cluster 5.0

(1)

What's New in MySQL Cluster 5.1

(1)

Designing a Cluster

(2)

Networking

(1)

Determining the Number of Replicas

(1)

Determining the Amount of RAM

(1)

Determining the Amount of Disk Space

(1)

Choosing an Operating System

(1)

What This Book Covers

(3)

Software Versions

(1)

More Sources of Information

(1)

Installation

(46)

Before You Begin with MySQL Cluster

(3)

Obtaining and Installing MySQL Cluster

(1)

Designing a Cluster

(1)

Installing MySQL-Max

(7)

Installing MySQL Cluster from a Binary Tarball

(3)

Installing from a Binary RPM

(1)

Compiling from Source

(2)

Retrieving the Latest Snapshot from BitKeeper

(2)

Upgrading a BitKeeper Installation

(1)

Ensuring That MySQL Cluster Works

(9)

Configuring and Starting a Cluster

(2)

An Example of a config.ini File

(2)

Starting a Management Node

(1)

Starting Storage Nodes

(1)

Connecting SQL Nodes

(1)

An Example of a Working Cluster

(1)

Creating a Table

(1)

Auto-discovery of Databases

(1)

Startup Phases

(1)

Restarting a Cluster

(3)

Restarting on Failure

(2)

Testing Your Cluster

(1)

Upgrading MySQL Cluster

(7)

Upgrading Through Major Versions

(1)

Other Methods of Starting a Cluster

(5)

Obtaining, Installing, and Configuring MySQL Cluster on Other Platforms

(1)

RAM Usage

(7)

Memory Usage

(4)

Using MySQL Cluster on 64-Bit Operating Systems

(1)

Calculating the DataMemory and IndexMemory Parameters

(1)

Reducing Memory Usage

(1)

Adding Tables

(2)

Using Alter Table

(1)

Using Create Table

(1)

Common Errors While Importing Tables

(3)

Error 1114 (HY000) at line 227: The table `table_log' is full

(1)

Error 1005 (HY000) at line x: Can't create table' dbname/tablename.frm' (errno: 4242)

(1)

Error 1005 (HY000) at line x: Can't create table' dbname/tablename.frm' (errno: 4335)

(1)

Error 1015 (HY000): Can't lock file (errno: 4006)

(1)

Error 1050 (42S01): Table `ctest' already exists

(1)

``Out of operation records in transaction coordinator''

(1)

Configuration

(32)

The Structure of config.ini

(2)

All Nodes

(1)

Management Nodes

(3)

Parameters to Define for All Management Nodes (NDB_MCMD_Default)

(2)

Parameters to Define for Each Management Node (NDB_MCMD)

(1)

An Example of a Management Section of a config.ini File

(1)

Storage Nodes

(20)

Parameters to Define for All Storage Nodes (NDBD_DEFAULT)

(3)

Transaction Parameters

(2)

Transaction Temporary Storage

(1)

Scans and Buffering

(1)

Logging and Checkpointing

(1)

Metadata Objects

(1)

Boolean Parameters

(1)

Controlling Timeouts, Intervals, and Disk Paging

(5)

Buffering

(2)

Backup Parameters

(1)

Logging

(1)

Parameters to Define for Each Storage Node (NDBD)

(1)

An Example of a Storage Section of a config.ini File

(1)

SQL Nodes

(2)

Parameters to Define for All SQL Nodes (Mysqld_Default)

(1)

Parameters to Define for Each SQL Node

(1)

A Final Note on SQL Nodes

(1)

Using Multiple Management Nodes

(4)

Backup and Recovery

(10)

MySQL Cluster's Native Backup Tool

(3)

Using mysqldump for Backups

102

(2)

Single-User Mode

102

(2)

Restoring a Backup

104

(3)

Restoring a Backup by Using Native Hot Backup

104

(2)

Restoring a Backup Made Using mysqldump

106

(1)

Speeding Up Restoration

106

(1)

Troubleshooting Backups

107

(2)

Disk Is Full

107

(1)

Disk Is Too Slow

107

(1)

Not Enough Memory

107

(2)

Security and Management

109

(20)

Security for MySQL Cluster

109

(10)

Software Firewalls

114

(3)

Standard Security Procedures

117

(2)

Managing MySQL Cluster

119

(6)

The Management Console and Scripting

119

(2)

Doing a Rolling Cluster Restart

121

(4)

Issuing a SQL Command to Each SQL Node

125

(1)

Running MySQL in a Chrooted Environment

125

(4)

Performance

129

(22)

Performance Metrics

129

(1)

MySQL Cluster Performance

130

(1)

Benchmarking

130

(2)

Using the Wrong Data Size

131

(1)

Using a Data Set That Is Not Representative

131

(1)

Using Inaccurate Data Access Patterns

131

(1)

Failing to Consider Cache Effects

131

(1)

Using Too Little Load or Too Few Users

131

(1)

Benchmarking Solutions

132

(1)

Indexes

132

(3)

Primary Key Indexes

132

(1)

Unique Hash Indexes

133

(1)

Ordered Indexes

133

(1)

Index Statistics

134

(1)

Query Execution

135

(2)

The Query Cache in MySQL Cluster

136

(1)

Data Retrieval in MySQL Cluster

137

(7)

Primary Key Access

137

(1)

Unique Key Access

137

(1)

Ordered Index Access

138

(1)

Full Table Scan

138

(2)

Using Explain

140

(4)

Physical Factors

144

(1)

High-Speed Interconnects

145

(6)

TCP/IP

146

(1)

Shared Memory

146

(1)

SCI

147

(2)

Adding More Transports

149

(2)

Troubleshooting

151

(12)

What to Look for When Something Goes Wrong

151

(1)

MySQL Cluster Errors

152

(11)

NDBD Won't Connect

152

(1)

NDBD Won't Start

153

(1)

Arbitrator Decides to Shut Down a Node

154

(2)

Table Is Full

156

(1)

Error 708

157

(1)

DBTUP Could Not Allocate Memory

157

(1)

Multiple Storage Nodes per Server

157

(3)

Cluster Nodes Apparently Randomly Shut Down or Crash

160

(3)

Common Setups

163

(10)

Load Balancing and Failover

163

(4)

JDBC Driver Support

164

(1)

Round-Robin DNS

165

(1)

Hardware Load Balancing Solutions

165

(1)

Software Load Balancing Solutions

166

(1)

Cluster Topographies

167

(3)

The Simplest Setup

167

(1)

Web Farm/MySQL Farm

168

(1)

Client/Server Applications

169

(1)

Network Redundancy

170

(3)

A MySQL Cluster Binaries

173

(6)

An Overview of Binary Options

173

(1)

Configuration Files

173

(1)

Individual Programs

174

(5)

The mysqld Program

174

(1)

The mysql Program

174

(1)

The ndbd Program

175

(1)

The ndb_mgmd Program

175

(1)

The ndb_mgm Program

175

(1)

The ndb_desc Program

176

(1)

The ndb_restore Program

176

(1)

The ndb_show_tables Program

177

(1)

The ndb_waiter Program

177

(1)

The perror Program

177

(2)

B. Management Commands

179

(8)

Displaying the Status of the Cluster/Controlling Nodes

179

(2)

The Show Command

179

(1)

The <id> Start, Stop, and Restart Commands

180

(1)

The <id> STATUS Command

180

(1)

The <id> Dump 1000 Command

180

(1)

Logging Commands

181

(3)

The Clusterlog on and Clusterlog off Commands

181

(1)

The Clusterlog Toggle Command

181

(1)

The Clusterlog Info Command

182

(1)

The Clusterlog Filter <severity> Command

182

(1)

The <id> Clusterlog <category>=<threshold level> Command

183

(1)

Miscellaneous Commands

184

(3)

The Enter Single User Mode <sql-node-id> Command

184

(1)

The Exit Single User Mode Command

184

(1)

The Shutdown Command

184

(1)

The Purge Stale Sessions Command

185

(1)

The Start Backup Command

185

(1)

The Abort Backup <backup id> Command

185

(2)

C. Glossary of Cluster Terminology

187

(4)

Index

191

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MySQL Clustering

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials