Muscles: Testing and Function, with Posture and Pain; Includes a Bonus Primal Anatomy CD-ROM

, by Kendall, Florence P; McCreary, Elizabeth Kendall; Provance, Patricia G; Rodgers, Mary; Romani, William

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ISBN: 9780781747806 | 0781747805
Cover: Paperback w/CD-ROM
Copyright: 3/4/2005

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This renowned classic provides unparalleled coverage of manual muscle testing, plus evaluation and treatment of faulty and painful postural conditions. The thoroughly updated Fifth Edition is completely reorganized and has new, expanded treatment and exercise sections in each chapter. Other features include a new section on post-polio syndrome, additional case studies comparing Guillain-Barré to polio muscle tests, a new full-color design, and a first-of-its-kind chart of upper extremity articulations. A bonus Primal Anatomy CD-ROM contains a three-dimensional interactive model of the human body. Students can rotate the model and add or subtract layers of anatomy to strengthen their knowledge.

Foreword

vii

Preface

Acknowledgments

Fundamental Concepts

(48)

Introduction

(46)

Manual Muscle Testing

(2)

Objectivity in Muscle Testing

(3)

Musculoskeletal System

(1)

Joints: Definitions & Classification, Chart

(1)

Gross Structure of Muscle

(1)

Range of Motion and Muscle Length

(1)

Classification for Strength Tests

(1)

Strength Testing Procedures

(4)

Suggested Order of Muscle Tests

(1)

Grading Strength

(6)

Key to Muscle Grading

Nerve Plexus

(1)

Spinal Nerve and Muscle Charts

(4)

Treatment Fundamentals

(2)

Neuromuscular Problems

(2)

Musculoskeletal Problems

(2)

Treatment Procedures

(1)

Treatment Modalities

(1)

Polio: Factors Influencing Treatment

(1)

Polio and Postpolio Muscle Tests

(5)

Complications of Polio

(1)

Post-Suggested Readings

(1)

References

(3)

Posture

(70)

Introduction

(1)

Fundamentals of Posture

Posture and Pain

(1)

Body Segments

(1)

Anatomical and Zero Positions, and Axes

(1)

Basic Planes and Center of Gravity

(1)

Movements in the Coronal Plane

(1)

Movements in the Sagittal Plane

(1)

Movements in the Transverse Plane

(1)

The Standard Posture

(5)

Postural Alignment

Types of Postural Alignment

(1)

Segmental Alignment: Side View

(5)

Abdominal Muscles in Relation to Posture

(2)

Sway-Back Posture

(1)

Ideal Alignment: Posterior View

(1)

Faulty Alignment: Posterior View

(2)

Handedness: Effect on Posture

(1)

Faulty Posture: Side and Back Views

(1)

Shoulders and Scapulae

(2)

Posture of Feet, Knees and Legs

(4)

Radiograph of Legs

(1)

Sitting Posture

(1)

Postural Examinations

Procedure for Postural Examination

(3)

Postural Examination Chart

(1)

Good and Faulty Posture: Summary Chart

(2)

Faulty Posture: Analysis and Treatment, Charts

(2)

Faulty Leg, Knee, and Foot Positions, Chart

(1)

Acquired Postural Weakness

(1)

Posture of Children

Factors Influencing Children's Posture

(2)

Good and Faulty Posture of Children

(3)

Normal Flexibility According to Age Level

101

(1)

Flexibility Tests: Charts

102

(2)

Problems with ``Physical Fitness Tests''

104

(3)

Scoliosis

Introduction

107

(1)

Scoliosis from Neuromuscular Disease

108

(1)

Postural Examination, and Chart

109

(3)

Functional Scoliosis

112

(1)

Exercises and Supports

113

(2)

Early Intervention

115

(1)

Corrective Exercises

116

(1)

References

117

(2)

Head and Face

119

(22)

Introduction

121

(1)

Innervation

Cranial Nerves and Deep Facial Muscles

122

(1)

Cervical Nerves and Superficial Facial and Neck Muscles

123

(1)

Temporomandibular Joint Movement

124

(1)

Cranial Nerve and Muscle Chart

124

(2)

Facial and Eye Muscles

Facial and Eye Muscles, Charts

126

(2)

Facial and Eye Muscles Tests

128

(6)

Muscles of Deglutition

Case #1

134

(2)

Case #1

136

(2)

Charts

138

(2)

References

140

(1)

Neck

141

(24)

Introduction

143

(1)

Innervation and Movements

144

(4)

Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots

144

(1)

Spinal Nerve and Muscle Chart

144

(1)

Cervical Plexus

145

(1)

Joint Movements of the Cervical Spine

146

(1)

Neck Range of Motion

147

(1)

Neck Muscles

148

(6)

Anterior and Lateral Neck Muscles, Charts

148

(2)

Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Muscles

150

(2)

Cervical Spine Extension and Flexion

152

(1)

Faulty Head and Neck Positions

153

(1)

Neck Muscle Tests

154

(5)

Anterior Neck Flexors

154

(1)

Error in Testing Neck Flexors

155

(1)

Anterolateral Neck Flexors

156

(1)

Posterolateral Neck Flexors

157

(1)

Upper Trapezius

158

(1)

Painful Conditions

159

(3)

Tight Posterior Neck Muscles

159

(1)

Upper Trapezius Strain

160

(1)

Cervical Nerve Root Pressure

160

(1)

Computer Ergonomics

161

(1)

Treatment

162

(2)

Massage of Neck Muscles

162

(1)

Exercises to Stretch Neck Muscles

163

(1)

References

164

(1)

Trunk and Respiratory Muscles

165

(80)

Introduction

167

(1)

Trunk

168

(19)

Innvervation, chart

168

(1)

Joints of Vertebral Column

168

(1)

Trunk Range of Motion

169

(1)

Movements of Vertebral Column

169

(3)

Movements of Spine and Pelvis

172

(2)

Tests for Length of Posterior Muscles

174

(1)

Variation in Length of Posterior Muscles

175

(1)

Trunk Muscles

176

(1)

Neck and Back Extensors, Illustration

177

(1)

Neck and Back Extensors, Charts

178

(2)

Back and Hip Extensors

180

(1)

Back Extensors: Testing and Grading

181

(1)

Strong Back Extensors, Misdiagnosed

182

(1)

Quadratus Lumborum

183

(1)

Lateral Trunk Flexors and Hip Abductors

184

(1)

Lateral Trunk Flexors: Testing and Grading

185

(1)

Oblique Trunk Flexors: Testing and Grading

186

(1)

Abdominal Muscles

187

(32)

Analysis of Curled-Trunk Sit-Ups

187

(1)

Movements during Curled-Trunk Sit-Ups

188

(2)

Muscles during Curled-Trunk Sit-Ups

190

(3)

Trunk Movement

193

(1)

Rectus Abdominis, Illustration

194

(1)

External Oblique, Illustration

195

(1)

Internal Oblique, Illustration

196

(1)

Tranversus Abdominis, Illustration

197

(1)

Obliques: Weakness and Shortness

198

(1)

Divisions of Abdominal Muscles, Chart

199

(1)

Differentiating Upper and Lower Abdominals

200

(2)

Upper Abdominal Muscles: Testing and Grading

202

(2)

Abdominal Muscle Weakness: Trunk Raising

204

(1)

Abdominal and Hip Flexor Imbalance

205

(1)

Sit-Up Exercises

206

(3)

Therapeutic Exercises: Trunk Curl

209

(1)

Abdominal Muscles During Leg Lowering

210

(2)

Lower Abdominals: Testing & Grading

212

(2)

Abdominal Muscle Weakness: Leg Lowering

214

(1)

Therapeutic Exercises: Posterior Pelvic Tilt

215

(1)

Therapeutic Exercise: Trunk Rotation

216

(1)

Marked Abdominal Muscle Weakness

217

(2)

Painful Conditions of Low Back

219

(14)

Low Back Enigma

219

(1)

Low Back Pain

219

(4)

Anterior Pelvic Tilt

223

(3)

Back Supports

226

(1)

Hip Extensor Weakness

227

(1)

Posterior Pelvic Tilt

228

(1)

Lateral Pelvic Tilt

229

(1)

Lifting

230

(2)

Treatment for Back Weakness

232

(1)

Muscles of Respiration

233

(9)

Introduction

233

(1)

Therapeutic Objectives

234

(1)

Primary Muscles of Respiration

235

(2)

Accessory Muscles of Respiration

237

(2)

Respiratory Muscle Chart

239

(1)

Muscles of Respiration

240

(2)

Corrective Exercises

242

(2)

References

244

(1)

Upper Extremity and Shoulder Girdle

245

(114)

Introduction

247

(1)

Innervation

Brachial Plexus

248

(2)

Cutaneous Distribution Nerves

250

(1)

Spinal Nerve and Motor Point Chart

251

(1)

Nerves to Muscles: Motor and Sensory and Motor Only and Chart

252

(1)

Scapular Muscle Chart

253

(1)

Chart of Upper Extremity Muscles

254

(2)

Cutaneous Nerves---Upper Limb

256

(2)

Hand, Wrist, Forearm and Elbow

Movements---Thumb and Finger Joints

258

(1)

Movements---Wrist, Radioulnar and Elbow

259

(1)

Chart for Analysis of Muscle Imbalance

260

(1)

Strength Tests: Thumb Muscles

261

(8)

Strength Tests: Digiti Minimi

269

(3)

Dorsal and Palmar Interossei

272

(2)

Lumbricales and Interossei

274

(3)

Palmaris Longus and Brevis

277

(1)

Extensor Indicis and Digiti Minimi

278

(1)

Extensor Digitorum

279

(1)

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and Profundus

280

(2)

Flexor Carpi Radialis and Ulnaris

282

(2)

Extensor Carpi Radialis and Ulnaris

284

(2)

Pronator Teres and Quadratus

286

(2)

Supinator and Biceps

288

(2)

Biceps Brachii and Brachialis

290

(2)

Triceps Brachii and Anconeus

292

(2)

Brachioradialis

294

(1)

Range of Motion Chart

295

(1)

Strength Testing of Thumb and Fingers

295

(1)

Joint Measurement Chart

296

(1)

Shoulder

Joints and Articulations

297

(3)

Charts: Shoulder Girdle Articulations

300

(2)

Combined Shoulder & Scapular Muscles

302

(1)

Movements of Shoulder Girdle & Scapula

303

(1)

Movements of Shoulder Joint

304

(2)

Length of Humeral and Scapular Muscles

306

(1)

Test for Length of Pectoralis Minor

307

(1)

Test for Tightness of Muscles that Depress the Coracoid Process Anteriorly

307

(1)

Tests for Length of Pectoralis Major

308

(1)

Tests for Length of Teres Major, Latissimus Dorsi and Rhomboids

309

(1)

Tests for Length of Shoulder Rotators

310

(2)

Upper Extremity Muscle Chart

312

(1)

Strength Testing---Shoulder

Coracobrachialis

313

(1)

Supraspinatus

314

(1)

Deltoid

315

(3)

Pectoralis Major, Upper and Lower

318

(2)

Pectoralis Minor

320

(1)

Shoulder Lateral Rotators

321

(1)

Shoulder Medial Rotators

322

(1)

Teres Major & Subscapularis

323

(1)

Latissimus Dorsi

324

(2)

Rhomboids, Levator Scapulae and Trapezius

326

(6)

Serratus Anterior

332

(6)

Painful Conditions of Upper Back

Weakness of Upper Back

338

(1)

Short Rhomboids

338

(1)

Middle & Lower Trapezius Strain

339

(1)

Back Pain from Osteoporosis

340

(1)

Painful Conditions of the Arm

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

341

(1)

Coracoid Pressure Syndrome

342

(2)

Teres Syndrome (Quadrilateral Space Syndrome)

344

(1)

Pain from Shoulder Subluxation

345

(1)

Tight Shoulder External Rotators

345

(1)

Cervical Rib

345

(2)

Case Studies

Case 1: Radial Nerve Lesion

347

(1)

Case 2: Radial, Median, & Ulnar Nerve

348

(2)

Case 3: Probable C5 Lesion

350

(1)

Case 4: Lateral and Medial Cord

351

(1)

Case 5: Spinal Nerve and Muscle Chart

352

(3)

Case 6: Stretch Weakness Superimposed on a Peripheral Nerve Injury

355

(1)

Overuse Injuries

356

(1)

Exercises

357

(1)

References

358

(1)

Lower Extremity

359

(106)

Introduction

361

(1)

Innervation

Lumbar Plexus, Sacral Plexus

362

(2)

Spinal Nerve and Muscle Chart

364

(1)

Spinal Nerve and Motor Point Chart

365

(1)

Chart of Lower Extremity Muscles

366

(2)

Nerves to Muscles: Motor & Sensory

368

(1)

Cutaneous Nerves of the Lower Limb

369

(1)

Joint Movement

Movements of Toes, Foot, Ankle and Knee

370

(2)

Movements of Hip Joint

372

(2)

Joint Measurement Chart

374

(1)

Treatment of Muscle Length Problems

375

(1)

Test for Length of Ankle Plantar Flexors

375

(1)

Test for Length of Hip Flexor Muscles

376

(5)

Hip Flexor Stretching

381

(1)

Problems with Hamstring Length Testing

382

(1)

Tests for Length of Hamstring Muscles

383

(2)

Short Hamstrings

385

(2)

Effect of Hip Flexor Shortness

387

(1)

Errors in Testing Hamstring Length

388

(2)

Hamstring Stretching

390

(1)

Ober and Modified Ober Test

391

(4)

Hip Flexor Length Testing

395

(3)

Tensor Fasciae Latae Stretching

398

(1)

Muscle Strength Tests

Chart for Analysis of Muscle Imbalance

399

(1)

Strength Test: Toe Muscles

400

(10)

Tibialis Anterior

410

(1)

Tibialis Posterior

411

(1)

Peroneus Longus and Brevis

412

(1)

Ankle Plantar Flexors

413

(3)

Popliteus

416

(1)

Hamstrings and Gracilis

417

(3)

Quadriceps Femoris

420

(2)

Hip Flexors

422

(2)

Sartorius

424

(1)

Tensor Fasciae Latae

425

(1)

Hip Adductors

426

(3)

Medial Rotators of Hip Joint

429

(1)

Lateral Rotators of Hip Joint

430

(2)

Gluteus Minimus

432

(1)

Gluteus Medius

433

(1)

Gluteus Medius Weakness

434

(1)

Trendelenberg Sign & Hip Abductor Weakness

435

(1)

Gluteus Maximus

436

(2)

Leg Length Measurement

438

(1)

Apparent Leg Length Discrepancy

439

(1)

Painful Conditions

Foot Problems

440

(4)

Shoes and Shoe Corrections

444

(3)

Knee Problems

447

(2)

Leg Pain

449

(1)

Tight Tensor Fasciae Latae and ITB

449

(1)

Stretched Tensor and ITB

450

(2)

Protruded Intervertebral Disk

452

(1)

Piriformis Muscle and Sciatic Pain

453

(1)

Neuromuscular Problems

454

(1)

Case 1: Peroneal Nerve Injury

455

(1)

Case 2: Lumbosacral Nerves

456

(2)

Case 3: L5 Lesion

458

(1)

Case 4: Guillain-Barre

459

(1)

Case 5: Guillain-Barre

460

(1)

Case 6: Polio

461

(1)

Exercise Sheets

462

(2)

References

464

(1)

Appendix A: Spinal Segment Distribution to Nerves and Muscles

465

(3)

Charts

468

(5)

Appendix B: Isolated Paralysis of the Serratus Anterior Muscle

473

Glossary

(1)

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Muscles: Testing and Function, with Posture and Pain; Includes a Bonus Primal Anatomy CD-ROM

Summary

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