Introduction to Chemical Dependency Counseling

, by Levin, Jerome D.; Culkin, Joseph; Perrotto, Richard S.

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ISBN: 9780765702890 | 0765702894
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/1/2002

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This book is a basic resource of knowledge about alcoholism and drug addiction. The authors cover the scientific and clinical aspects of chemical dependency in a balanced way with case vignettes to illustrate clinical issues. Chemical dependency counseling must deal with and absorb a complex and intriguing web of fact and theory drawn from sciences, medicine, and other fields. This book offers a whole set of specific techniques that will help clinicians develop into artful practitioners.

Preface

xiii

Introduction to Chemical Dependency Counseling

(18)

The Scope of Chemical Dependency Counseling

(5)

What Is Chemical Dependency Counseling?

(3)

Chemical Dependency Counseling and Other Health Professions

(2)

History of Chemical Dependency Counseling

(8)

Early Figures and Movements

(1)

Alcoholics Anonymous and the Twelve-Step Movement

(3)

The Peer Counseling Movement and Professionalization

(1)

Employee Assistance Programs

(1)

Therapeutic Communities

(1)

Professional Counseling and Chemical Dependency

(4)

Education and Certification

(1)

Employment Opportunities

(3)

Psychoactive Drugs

(18)

Psychoactive Drugs and the Nervous System

(3)

Electrical and Chemical Events in Neurons

(1)

How Psychoactive Drugs Affect Neurons and the Synapse

(1)

Types of Neurotransmitters

(1)

Depressants

(3)

Alcohol

(2)

Barbiturates And Other Sedative-Hypnotics

(1)

Benzodiazepines

(1)

Mechanisms of Action

(1)

Opioids

(2)

Morphine and Other Prescription Opioids

(1)

Heroin

(1)

Methadone

(1)

Mechanisms of Action

(1)

Stimulants

(2)

Cocaine

(1)

Amphetamines

(1)

Mechanisms of Action

(1)

Hallucinogens

(2)

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

(1)

Phencyclidine

(1)

Mechanisms of Action

(1)

Cannabinoids

(2)

Marijuana and Hashish

(1)

Mechanisms of Action

(1)

Inhalants

(3)

Types of Inhalants

(1)

Psychoactive Effects and Mechanisms of Action

(3)

The Assessment of Chemical Dependency

(20)

The Clinical Interview

(4)

Underreporting of Drug Use

(1)

Types of Interviews

(1)

Interview Strategies

(3)

Substance Abuse Assessment Instruments

(5)

Screening Instruments

(2)

Structured Interview Schedules

(2)

Assessment of Motivation for Change

(1)

Psychological Testing

(4)

Characteristics of Psychological Tests

(1)

Self-Report Inventories

(1)

Projective Tests

(1)

Intelligence and Neuropsychological Tests

(1)

Laboratory Analysis

(6)

History and Rationale of Drug Testing

(1)

Drugs Tested and Characteristics of Drug-Testing Methods

(1)

Types of Biological Specimens Analyzed

(4)

Diagnosis and Types of Chemical Dependency

(20)

The Scope of Psychoactive Drug Use

(3)

Epidemiology of Psychoactive Drug Use

(1)

The National Household Survey

(1)

The Monitoring the Future Study

(2)

The Diagnosis of Substance-Related Disorders

(7)

Substance-Related Disorders and the DSM-IV

(1)

Substance Abuse

(2)

Substance Dependence

(2)

Substance Withdrawal

(2)

The Course of Substance Abuse and Dependence

(2)

General Trends

(1)

The Course of Alcohol and Drug Dependence

(1)

Types of Alcoholism

(7)

Early Views of Alcoholism Types

(1)

The Type 1-Type 2 Model

(1)

A Biopsychosocial Model

(1)

The Type A-Type B Model

(1)

Alcoholism Types: An Integration

(4)

Development and Chemical Dependency

(20)

Principles of Human Development

(5)

The Developmental Perspective

(3)

Developmental Models and Chemical Dependency

(2)

Developmental Research

(4)

Retrospective Research

(1)

The Longitudinal Method

(1)

Vulnerability, Risk, and Protection

(4)

Drug Use Across the Life Span

(10)

Childhood

(2)

Adolescence

(3)

Adulthood

(5)

Causes of Chemical Dependency

(24)

Biology of Chemical Dependency

(5)

The Disease Model of Chemical Dependency

(1)

Hereditary Influences

(2)

Neurophysiology of Addiction

101

(2)

Personality and Chemical Dependency

103

(3)

Psychodynamic Views

103

(1)

Personality Traits

104

(2)

Learning and Chemical Dependency

106

(3)

Classical Conditioning

107

(1)

Operant Conditioning

107

(2)

Cognitive Influences on Chemical Dependency

109

(3)

Social Learning and Social Cognitive Theory

109

(2)

Expectancy Theory

111

(1)

Motivation and Emotion

112

(2)

Tension and Stress Reduction

112

(2)

Sociocultural Influences

114

(7)

The Family

114

(2)

Social Factors

116

(5)

Chemical Dependency and Physical Health

121

(18)

General health Risks

122

(2)

Complications Due to Route of Administration

122

(1)

Overdose and Withdrawal

123

(1)

Cardiovascular Disorders

124

(2)

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

124

(1)

Alcohol and the Cardiovascular System

124

(2)

Cocaine and the Cardiovascular System

126

(1)

Neurological Disorders

126

(2)

Alcohol and Neurological Damage

126

(1)

Cocaine and Neurological Damage

127

(1)

Liver, Gastrointestinal, and Pancreatic Disorders

128

(2)

Liver Disease

128

(1)

Gastrointestinal Disorders

129

(1)

Pancreatic Disorders

130

(1)

Immune System Disorders

130

(5)

The Immune System

130

(1)

AIDS and HIV Infection

131

(1)

Drug Use and AIDS

131

(1)

Sexual Behavior and AIDS

132

(2)

Drug Use, HIV/AIDS, and Tuberculosis

134

(1)

Prenatal Exposure to Drugs

135

(4)

Mechanisms of Prenatal Exposure

135

(1)

Alcohol

136

(1)

Cocaine and Opioids

136

(3)

Chemical Dependency and Mental Health

139

(24)

What is Mental Health?

140

(4)

Concepts of Mental Health

140

(2)

Drug Use and Mental Disorders

142

(2)

Cognitive and Perceptual Disorders

144

(2)

Delirium

144

(1)

Dementia and Amnesia

145

(1)

Flashbacks

146

(1)

Anxiety Disorders

146

(3)

Types of Anxiety Disorders

146

(2)

Substance Use and Anxiety Disorders

148

(1)

Mood Disorders

149

(3)

Types of Mood Disorders

149

(1)

Substance Use and Mood Disorders

150

(2)

Psychotic Disorders

152

(2)

Schizophrenia

152

(1)

Substance Use and Psychotic Disorders

153

(1)

Personality Disorders

154

(4)

Types of Personality Disorders

154

(2)

Substance Use and Personality Disorders

156

(2)

Impulse Control and Eating Disorders

158

(5)

Impulse Control Disorders

158

(1)

Eating Disorders

159

(4)

Chemical Dependency and the Family

163

(38)

Substance Abuse as a Family Disease?

164

(5)

Homeostasis

165

(1)

General Systems Theory

166

(1)

The Addicted Family

167

(2)

Major Family Therapy Approaches

169

(10)

Strategic Family Therapy

169

(3)

Structural Family Therapy

172

(1)

Experiential Family Therapy

173

(2)

Intergenerational Systems Therapy

175

(2)

Behavioral Family Therapy

177

(1)

Psychodynamic Family Therapy

177

(2)

Family Counseling Illustrated: The Baker Family

179

(22)

Meeting the Baker Family: Initial Session

179

(3)

Asking Questions and Sorting Issues

182

(2)

Strategic Approach with the Bakers

184

(1)

Structural Approach with the Bakers

185

(2)

Experiential Approach with the Bakers

187

(1)

Intergenerational Systems Approach with the Bakers

188

(4)

Behavioral Approach with the Bakers

192

(1)

Psychodynamic Approach with the Bakers

193

(3)

Substance Abuse Approach with the Bakers

196

(5)

Chemical Dependency and Society

201

(18)

Social History of Drugs

202

(3)

The Ancient World

202

(1)

The Early Modern World

203

(1)

Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century America

204

(1)

The Twentieth Century

205

(1)

The Sociocultural Context of Drug Use

205

(3)

Drugs and Culture

205

(2)

Sociological Perspective on Drug Problems

207

(1)

Economic Impact of Chemical Dependency on Society

208

(3)

The Cost-of-Illness Method

209

(1)

The External Social Cost Model

210

(1)

Educational Attainment

211

(1)

Aggression, Crime, and Chemical Dependency

211

(2)

Aggression, Violence, and Drugs

211

(1)

Chemical Dependency and Crime

212

(1)

Societal Response to Chemical Dependency

213

(6)

Legal and Political Responses

213

(1)

Educational Responses

214

(1)

Health Profession Responses

214

(5)

Principles of Chemical Dependency Counseling

219

(16)

The Disease Model in Chemical Dependency Counseling

219

(4)

The Course of Chemical Dependency

220

(1)

Phases in Chemical Dependency Treatment

221

(2)

The Professional Counselor's Role and Tasks

223

(5)

Who Is the Chemical Dependency Counselor?

223

(2)

Basic Tasks of Chemical Dependency Counselors

225

(3)

The Counselor's Responsibilities

228

(7)

Therapeutic Responsibilities

229

(2)

Ethical Responsibilities

231

(1)

Professional Development

232

(3)

Planning, Selecting, and Implementing Treatment

235

(26)

Treatment Goals and General Principles of Treatment

236

(4)

Treatment Goals and Planning Treatment

236

(1)

General Principles of Effective Treatment

237

(2)

Motivation: Treatment Compliance and Involvement

239

(1)

Treatment Settings

240

(4)

Factors That Determine the Choice of Setting

240

(1)

Types of Treatment Settings

241

(2)

Treatment Setting and Effectiveness

243

(1)

Detoxification

244

(2)

General Principles

244

(1)

Medications for Detoxification

244

(1)

Outpatient and Inpatient Detoxification

245

(1)

Pharmacotherapy

246

(4)

Rationale for Pharmacotherapy

246

(1)

Drugs to Decrease the Reinforcing Effects of Abused Substances

246

(1)

Drugs That Discourage the Use of Abused Substances

247

(1)

Agonist Substitution Drugs

248

(1)

Medications to Treat Comorbid Mental Disorders

249

(1)

Self-Help Groups and Psychosocial Treatments

250

(3)

Self-Help Groups

250

(1)

Individual, Group, and Family Therapies

251

(1)

An Evaluation of Individual, Group, and Family Therapies

252

(1)

Manual-Guided and Other Treatment Modalities

253

(8)

Treatments to Enhance Motivation

253

(1)

Cognitive-Behavioral Coping Skills Therapy

254

(1)

Twelve Step Facilitation Therapy

255

(1)

Matching Treatments to Patient Needs

255

(6)

Counseling Schools and Techniques

261

(30)

Schools of Counseling

262

(11)

Behavioral Counseling

263

(1)

Client-Centered Counseling

264

(1)

Cognitive Counseling

264

(1)

Existential Counseling

265

(2)

Gestalt Counseling

267

(1)

Psychodynamic Counseling

268

(3)

Substance Abuse-Specific Counseling

271

(2)

Counseling Schools and Counseling Techniques

273

(1)

Relationship-Focused Techniques

273

(3)

Establishing Rapport

274

(1)

Active Listening

274

(1)

Confrontation

275

(1)

Emotion-Focused Techniques

276

(2)

Reflection

276

(1)

Affect Labeling

276

(1)

Relaxation Training

277

(1)

Cognition-Focused Techniques

278

(6)

Education

279

(2)

Interpretation

281

(2)

Exploration and Clarification

283

(1)

Making Drink/Drug Signals Conscious

283

(1)

Behavior-Focused Techniques

284

(7)

Direct Guidance

284

(1)

Modeling

285

(1)

Reinforcement

285

(2)

Assertiveness Training

287

(4)

Understanding, Preventing, and Managing Relapse

291

(18)

Understanding Relapse

292

(2)

What Is Relapse?

292

(1)

Conceptualizing Relapse

293

(1)

What Causes Relapse?

294

(5)

Biological Influences on Relapse

295

(1)

Learning Mechanisms and Relapse

295

(1)

Personality and Relapse Vulnerability

296

(1)

Cognitive and Affective Factors in Relapse

297

(2)

Social Factors in Relapse

299

(1)

Preventing Relapse

299

(10)

Identifying and Dealing with High-Risk Situations

300

(2)

Coping with Cravings

302

(2)

Utilizing Social Supports

304

(2)

Developing a Healthy Lifestyle

306

(3)

Counseling Special Populations

309

(22)

Chemically Dependent Women

311

(5)

Alcoholism in Women

311

(1)

Origins of Alcoholism in Women

312

(1)

Issues in Counseling Alcoholic Women

313

(1)

Other Addictions in Women

314

(2)

Special Age Groups

316

(4)

Substance Abuse in Children

316

(1)

Substance Abuse in Adolescents

316

(2)

Substance Abuse in the Elderly

318

(2)

Substance Abuse In Minority Groups

320

(3)

Substance Abuse in African Americans

320

(1)

Substance Abuse in Hispanic/Latino Americans

321

(1)

Substance Abuse in Gays, Lesbians, And Bisexuals

322

(1)

Other Special Populations

323

(8)

Mentally Ill Chemical Abusers

323

(2)

Physically and Cognitively Disabled Substance Abusers

325

(6)

Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling

331

(14)

Chemical Dependency Counselor Competencies

333

(2)

Transdisciplinary Foundations

333

(1)

Professional Practice

333

(2)

Confidentiality

335

(5)

The Scope of Confidentiality

336

(1)

Common Exceptions to Nondisclosure

337

(2)

The Duty to Protect

339

(1)

The Rights of Clients

340

(5)

Client Rights: Basic Principles

340

(1)

Safeguarding Your Client's Welfare

341

(4)

References

345

(26)

Glossary

371

(9)

Index

380

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Introduction to Chemical Dependency Counseling

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials