Protein Secretion in Bacteria

Protein transport into and across membranes is a fundamental process in bacteria that touches upon and unites many areas of microbiology, including bacterial cell physiology, adhesion and motility, nutrient scavenging, intrabacterial signaling and social behavior, toxin deployment, interbacterial antagonism and collaboration, host invasion and disruption, and immune evasion. A broad repertoire of mechanisms and macromolecular machines are required to deliver protein substrates across bacterial cell membranes for intended effects. Some machines are common to most, if not all bacteria, whereas others are specific to Gram-negative or Gram-positive species or species with unique cell envelope properties such as members of Actinobacteria and Spirochetes.

Protein Secretion in Bacteria, authored and edited by an international team of experts, draws together the many distinct functions and mechanisms involved in protein translocation in one concise tome. This comprehensive book presents updated information on all aspects of bacterial protein secretion encompassing:

• Individual secretory systems–Sec, Tat, and T1SS through the newly discovered T9SS
• Mechanisms, structures, and functions of bacterial secretion systems
• Lipoprotein sorting pathways, outer membrane vesicles, and the sortase system
• Structures and roles of surface organelles, including flagella, pili, and curli
• Emerging technologies and translational implications

Protein Secretion in Bacteria serves as both an introductory guide for students and postdocs and a ready reference for seasoned researchers whose work touches on protein export and secretion. This volume synthesizes the diversity of mechanisms of bacterial secretion across the microbial world into a digestible resource to stimulate new research, inspire continued identification and characterization of novel systems, and bring about new ways to manipulate these systems for biotechnological, preventative, and therapeutic applications.

Maria Sandkvist, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Eric Cascales, CNRS Aix-Marseille Université, Mediterranean Institute of Microbiology, Marseille, France.

Peter J. Christie, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas.

Foreword

Preface

Contributors

1 Electron Cryotomography of Bacterial Secretion Systems
Catherine M. Oikonomou and Grant J. Jensen

2 SecA-Mediated Protein Translocation through the SecYEG Channel
Amalina Ghaisani Komarudin and Arnold J.M. Driessen

3 The Two Distinct Types of SecA2-Dependent Export Systems
Miriam Braunstein, Barbara A. Bensing, and Paul M. Sullam

4 The Conserved Role of YidC in Membrane Protein Biogenesis
Sri Karthika Shanmugam and Ross E. Dalbey

5 The Twin-Arginine Pathway for Protein Secretion
Kelly M. Frain, Jan Maarten van Dijl, and Colin Robinson

6 Lipoproteins and Their Trafficking to The Outer Membrane
Marcin Grabowicz

7 Protein Secretion in Spirochetes
Wolfram R. Zückert

8 Outer Membrane Protein Insertion by the β-barrel Assembly Machine
Dante P. Ricci and Thomas J. Silhavy

9 The TAM: A Translocation and Assembly Module of the β-barrel Assembly Machinery in Bacterial Outer Membranes
Christopher J. Stubenrauch and Trevor Lithgow

10 The Dynamic Structures of the Type IV Pilus
Matthew McCallum, Lori L. Burrows, and P. Lynne Howell

11 Gram-Positive Type IV Pili and Competence
Sandra Muschiol, Marie-Stephanie Aschtgen, Priyanka Nannapaneni, and Birgitta Henriques-Normark

12 The Remarkable Biomechanical Properties of the Type 1 Chaperone-Usher Pilus: A Structural and Molecular Perspective
Manuela K. Hospenthal and Gabriel Waksman

13 Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Assembly and Function of Chaperone-Usher Pili
John J. Psonis and David G. Thanassi

14 Curli Biogenesis: Bacterial Amyloid Assembly by the Type VIII Secretion Pathway
Sujeet Bhoite, Nani van Gerven, Matthew R. Chapman, and Han Remaut

15 Sortases, Surface Proteins, and Their Roles in Staphylococcus aureus Disease and Vaccine Development
Olaf Schneewind and Dominique Missiakas

16 Architecture and Assembly of Periplasmic Flagellum
Yunjie Chang and Jun Liu

17 Outer Membrane Vesicle-Host Cell Interactions
Jessica D. Cecil, Natalie Sirisaengtaksin, Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson, and Anne Marie Krachler

18 Type I Secretion Systems—One Mechanism for All?
Olivia Spitz, Isabelle N. Erenburg, Tobias Beer, Kerstin Kanonenberg, I. Barry Holland, and Lutz Schmitt

19 Architecture, Function, and Substrates of the Type II Secretion System
Konstantin V. Korotkov and Maria Sandkvist

20 The Injectisome, A Complex Nanomachine for Protein Injection into Mammalian Cells
Maria Lara-Tejero and Jorge E. Galán

21 Promises and Challenges of the Type Three Secretion System Injectisome as an Antivirulence Target
Alyssa C. Fasciano, Lamyaa Shaban, and Joan Mecsas

22 Biological and Structural Diversity of Type IV Secretion Systems
Yang Grace Li, Bo Hu, and Peter J. Christie

23 Hostile Takeover: Hijacking of Endoplasmic Reticulum Function by T4SS and T3SS Effectors Creates a Niche for Intracellular Pathogens
April Y. Tsai, Bevin C. English, and Renée M. Tsolis

24 Type V Secretion in Gram-Negative Bacteria
Harris D. Bernstein

25 Bordetella Filamentous Hemagglutinin, A Model for the Two-Partner Secretion Pathway
Zachary M. Nash and Peggy A. Cotter

26 Structure and Activity of the Type VI Secretion System
Yassine Cherrak, Nicolas Flaugnatti, Eric Durand, Laure Journet, and Eric Cascales

27 Type VI Secretion Systems and the Gut Microbiota
Michael J. Coyne and Laurie E. Comstock

28 ESX / Type VII Secretion Systems–An Important Way Out for Mycobacterial Proteins
Farzam Vaziri and Roland Brosch

29 Bacteroidetes Gliding Motility and the Type IX Secretion System
Mark J. McBride

30 Similarities and Differences between Colicin and Filamentous Phage Uptake by Bacterial Cells
Denis Duché and Laetitia Houot

31 A Hybrid Secretion System Facilitates Bacterial Sporulation: A Structural Perspective
Natalie Zeytuni and Natalie C.J. Strynadka

Index

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