Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual

Written in a straightforward manner, this laboratory manual for a two-semester organic chemistry course provides only the essential background material, laboratory set-ups, and procedures for each exercise. The exercises have been carefully written to minimize set-up time and eliminate the need for elaborate and expensive laboratory equipment. Laboratory techniques are emphasized rather than theoretical understanding.

1 The Basics

2 Stereochemistry and Molecular Models

3 Physical Properties

4 Distillation

5 Chromatography

6 Extraction and Recrystallization

7 Equilibrium Constant

8 The Sodium Fusion Test

9 Spectroscopy

10 Alkenes

11 Synthesis and Reactions of Acetylene

12 Conjugated Dienes: The Diels-Alder Reaction

13 Alkyl Halides and Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution

14 Alcohols and Ethers

15 Aromatic Reactions

16 Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives

17 Aldehydes and Ketones

18 Carbanions and a,ß-Unsaturated Carbonyls

19 Amines

20 Polynuclear Aromatics and Heterocycles

21 Carbohydrates

22 Amino Acids and Proteins

23 Lipids: Fats, Oils, and Steroids

24 Qualitative Analysis

Appendixes

I: How to Balance an Oxidation-Reduction Reaction

II: How to Calculate the Percent Yield of a Reaction

III: How to Make Solutions

IV: Special Reagents

V: Physical Data of the Liquids Used in This Lab Manual

VI: Common Drying Agents for Organic Liquids

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