Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine

Over the past two decades there has been a marked change in global age demographics, with the number of over-60s increasing by 82% and the number of centenarians by 715%. This new-found longevity is testament to the success of recent advances in medicine, but poses significant challenges to multiple areas of health care concerning older patients.

Building upon its predecessor's reputation as the definitive resource on the subject, this new edition of the Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine offers a comprehensive and multinational examination of the field. Fully revised to reflect the current state of geriatric medicine, it examines the medical and scientific basis of clinical issues, as well as the ethical, legal, and socio-economic concerns for healthcare policy and systems.

Over 170 chapters are broken up into 16 key sections, covering topics ranging from policy and key concepts through to infection, cancer, palliative medicine, and healthy ageing. New material includes focus on the evolving concepts of malnutrition, sarcopenia, frailty, and related geriatric syndromes and integration of geriatric principles from public health, primary and specialized care, and transitional stages from home to emergency, medicine and surgery, rehabilitation, and long term care.

The Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine brings together specialists from across the globe to provide every physician involved in the care of older patients with a comprehensive resource on all the clinical problems they are likely to encounter, as well as on related psychological, philosophical, and social issues.

Jean-Pierre Michel, Professor of Medicine, Geneva Medical School and University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Switzerland, and Past President, European Union Geriatric Society,B. Lynn Beattie, Professor Emeritus, University of British Columbia Division of Geriatric Medicine, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver BC, Canada,Finbarr C. Martin, Emeritus Consultant Geriatrician and Professor of Medical Gerontology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK, and President-Elect, European Union Geriatric Society,Jeremy D. Walston, Co-Director, Biology of Healthy Aging Program, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD, USA

Dr Michel is Emeritus Professor of Medicine, former head of the academic Geriatric Department, Geneva University, and honorary professor in France, China and Quebec. He co-founded the European, Middle-East, Latin-America and Asian Academy for Medicine of Ageing and the European Interdisciplinary Council on Ageing. He is past President of the European Union Geriatric Medicine Society and editor-in-chief of European Geriatric Medicine.

Dr Michel is also a full board member of the French Academy of Medicine and has received an IAGG World Award for his life-time and global achievements in Geriatrics. He is an ongoing World Health Organization expert for the 'Aging and Life course' program, and contributed to the 1st WHO report on Healthy Ageing in 2015. He has also authored 430 peer reviewed papers and numerous book chapters.

B Lynn Beattie is Professor Emeritus, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, UBC. Her current clinical interest is practise at the UBC Hospital Clinic for Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders (UBCH CARD) where she is the Medical Director. She is on the Board of the Alzheimer Society of Canada as Chair of the Research Policy Committee and has completed two terms as Secretary Treasurer of C5R, the Consortium of Canadian Centres for Clinical Cognitive Research. Professor Beattie also started and was the first Head of the Division of Geriatric Medicine at UBC, initially based at Shaughnessy Hospital and in later years at Vancouver Coastal UBC/VGH. She was Director of the Clinic for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders from its inception until 2005, and again from 2009 to date, and is Past President of the American Geriatrics Society and the Canadian Geriatrics Society.

Professor Finbarr C. Martin trained in geriatric medicine at Hammersmith Hospital, London, and was appointed consultant physician in general and geriatric medicine at St Thomas' Hospital in 1984. He has worked in a broad range of services for older people in acute hospitals and in community settings. He has led national audit programmes on falls and fragility fractures, and is co-chair of the DH funded but clinically led National Hip Fracture Database. He was the elected president of the British Geriatrics Society between 2010 and 2012.

Dr Jeremy Walston is a professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. His area of clinical expertise is geriatric medicine. At the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Dr Walston is co-director of the Biology of Healthy Aging Program in the Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology as well as deputy director of the division, and the Raymond and Anna Lublin Professor of Geriatric Medicine. Dr Walston plays a leading role in setting the national ageing research agenda through his leadership and participation in committees of the American Geriatrics Society and on study sections and review panels for the National Institute on Aging. He has won numerous awards for his research, including the American Geriatrics Society New Investigator Award, a Brookdale National Leadership Fellowship and Paul Beeson Physician Faculty Scholars recognition.

Section 1: Ageing population and policy Edited by Jean-Pierre Michel
1. Demography of Global Ageing, David E. Bloom, Elizabeth Mitgang, and Benjamin Osher
2. Population ageing in Europe, Emily M Grundy and Michael Murphy
3. Ageing in North America: Canada and the United States, Eileen M. Crimmins, Hiram Beltran-Sanchez, Lauren Brown and Yongjie Yon
4. Population ageing in south and central America, Carlos M. Paixao Junior, Roberto A. Lourenco and Morales-Martinez
5. Population ageing in sub-Saharan Africa, Bilkish Cassim and Isabella Aboderin
6. Population ageing in Asia, Du Peng and Cao Ting
7. Population Ageing in Arab countries, Abla Mehio Sibai and Anthony Rizk
8. Population Ageing in Oceania, Leon Flicker and Ngaire Kerse
9. Health expectancies, Jean-Marie Robine and Carol Jagger
10. Life course approach to understanding inequalities in health in later life, Ruth Bell and Michael Marmot
11. Implications of population ageing for societies and governments, John R Beard, Anne Margriet Pot, and Geeske Peeters
12. Economic implications of Population Ageing, Andrew Mason and Ronald Lee
13. Policy options for responding to population ageing, Alexandre Sidorenko and Alan Walker
Section 2: Key Concepts in care of older adults Edited by Finbarr C. Martin
14. A lifecourse approach for understanding later life sustainability, H E Syddall and A A Sayer
15. Ageing, multimorbidity and daily functioning, Barbara Gryglewska, Karolina Piotrowicz and Tomasz Grodzicki
16. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment: Evidence, Alberto Pilotto and Francesco Panza
17. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment: The Specific Assessment Technology of InterRAI, George Heckman and Palmi V. Jonsson
18. Engaging older patients in their treatment and care, Angela Coulter
19. Models of health care for older people, Kaisu Pitkala, John Gladman and Martin Connolly
20. History Taking And Physical Examination, Jose M Ribera-Casado
21. Communication, Rebecca Allwood, Rowan H Harwood
22. Interprofessional Team Building and Case Management, Ellen Flaherty and Terry Fulmer
23. Age-friendly environments and their role in supporting Healthy Ageing, Lisa Warth, Alana Margaret Officer, John Roland Beard and Norah Keating
24. Principles Of Medication Management, David G Le Couteur, Andrew J McLachlan and Sarah N Hilmer
25. Optimizing Pharmacotherapy for Older Patients, Denis O Mahony
26. Limitations in the evidence for safe and effective medications for older people, Antonio Cherubini and Graziano Onder
27. General principles of recovery and rehabilitation, Torgeir Bruun Wyller and Erik Bautz-Holter
28. The approach of dying and death, and the mourning process of the survivors, Jonathan Martin, Caroline Nicholson and Rob George
29. Legal and ethical issues in care of older adults, Reijo Tilvis
Section 3: Principles and organisation of care Edited by B. Lynn Beattie
30. Integrating geriatrics principles into primary care, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft
31. Clinical Interventions in home care, Gideon Caplan
32. Geriatric Patients in the Emergency Department, Don Melady and Barry J. Goldlist
33. Critical Illness and Intensive Care, Maria E. Carlo, Kwame Frimpong and E. Wesley Ely
34. Older People Presenting to Acute Care Hospitals, Roger Wong
35. Postacute Care and Intermediate Care, Liang-Kung Chen
36. Pre-operative assessment and peri-operative management, Jugdeep Dhesi and Judith Partridge
37. Residential and nursing home care; from the past to the future, Jos M. G. A. Schols and Adam Gordon
38. Dementia specialist care units, Rebecca Palm and Sabine Bartholomeyczik
39. Transitions between Care Settings Till Death, Elizabeth Gundersen, Benjamin A. Bensadon and Joseph G. Ouslander, M.D.
Section 4: Age-related biological changes, altered physiology and vulnerability to diseases and chronic conditions Edited by Jeremy D. Walston
40. Why do organisms agea
41. Age-related Physiologic Declines, Fabbri Elisa, Zoli Marco and Ferrucci Luigi
42. The Emergence of Ageing Phenotypes and Multi-system decline, Fabbri Elisa, Zoli Marco and Ferrucci Luigi
43. Environment and ageing biology, Arun S Karlamangla and Teresa E Seeman
44. Inflammation and its role in ageing and disease, Jintang Wang and Sean X. Leng
45. Immune system changes and immunosenescence, Graham Pawelec, Ludmila Muller, Tamas Fulop
46. Mitochondrial Decline and Chronic Conditions of Older Adults, Emanuele Marzetti, Francesco Landi, Francesca Martini, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Riccardo Calvani
47. Biological significance of gut microbiota changes associated with ageing, Kevin Horgan, Fergus Shanahan, Paul W. O Toole and Deborah Dunn-Walters
Section 5: Geriatric syndromes in clinical practice Edited by Jeremy D. Walston
48. Conceptualizing Geriatric Syndromes, Marcel Olde Rikkert
49. Delerium, Alasdair MacLullich,Edward R. Marcantonio and David Meagher
50. Falls, Clemens Becker, Jean Woo and Chris Todd
51. Urinary Incontinence, Adrian Wagg
52. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer, Richard Savdie, Edmund CP and Mr Chidi Molokwu
53. Pressure ulcers in the ageing population, Cindy Kiely and Magdalena Pupiales
54. Sarcopenia Definitions and Epidemiology, Jose A. Morais
55. Pathophysiology of Sarcopenia, Townsend Benard and Roger A. Fielding
56. Sarcopenia: assessment, management and outcomes, Luis Miguel F. Gutierrez Robledo and Mario Ulises Perez Zepeda
57. Frailty in older adults, Jeremy Walson
Section 6: Nutrition and metabolism Edited by B. Lynn Beattie
58. Epidemiology of malnutrition in different care settings, Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia and Simone de Vasconcelos Generoso
59. Anorexia of Ageing, Francesco Landi, Anna Maria Martone, Riccardo Calvani and Emanuele Marzetti
60. Protein and energy requirements in health and illness, Jurgen M. Bauer and Rebecca Diekmann
61. Vitamin D: Its role in health and disease in older people, Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari
62. Micronutrients: their roles in health and diseases in older people, Cedric Annweiler and Olivier Beauchet
63. From nutritional screening to assessment and nutritional plan in community, acute and long term care, Gianfranco Gioia, Alessio Molfino, Filippo Rossi Fanelli, and Maurizio Muscaritoli
64. Obesity, Mauro Zamboni, Francesco Fantin and Gloria Mazzali
65. Metabolic syndrome, Stefania Maggi and Gaetano Crepaldi
66. Management of Diabetes in Older Adults., Leocadio Rodriguez Manas, Marta Castro Rodriguez and Alan J. Sinclair
Section 7: Mobility disorders: prevention, impact and compensation Edited by Finbarr C. Martin
67. Gait Disorders: Clinical Significance and Approach to Evaluation and Management, Stephanie Studenski and Jessie Van Swearingen
68. Osteoporosis in the oldest old: epidemiology, assessment and management, Rene Rizzoli
69. Common fractures in older adults: Epidemiology and outcomes, Hiroshi Hagino and Akiko Kondo
70. Management of Common Fractures in Older Adults, V. Ana Sanguineti, Jason R. Wild, Bellal Joseph and Mindy J. Fain
71. Secondary prevention of fragility fractures: case finding, fracture liaison, falls reduction, injury prevention., Tahir Masud and Paul J. Mitchell
72. Osteoarthritis, Francisco J Blanco
73. Low back pain in older adults: From red flags to functional rehabilitation, Kieran O Sullivan, Kjartan Vibe Fersum, Wim Dankaerts and Peter O Sullivan
74. Vasculitides In The Elderly, Alexis Regent and Loic Guillevin
75. Management of common types of arthritis in older adults, James B Galloway and David L Scott
76. Foot Problems, Hylton B. Menz
77. Injuries in sports activities in elderly people, Tomasz Kostka and Joanna Kostka
78. Orthogeriatrics, Jacqueline Close
Section 8: Infections in Older Adults: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management Edited by Jean-Pierre Michel
79. Immunosenescence and Infectious Diseases, Michel Moutschen, Henri Martens and Vincent Geenen
80. Epidemiology of infection in elderly populations in various settings, Gaetan Gavazzi, Thibaut Fraisse, Benoit de Wazieres
81. Pneumonia and respiratory tract infections, Adamantia Liapikou and Antoni Torres
82. Tuberculosis in old age, Aparajit Ballav Dey and Ramesh Kandel
83. Bone and Periprosthetic Joint Infections in Older Adults, Werner Zimmerli and Parham Sendi
84. Infective endocarditis, Ursula Muller-Werdan and Karl Werdan
85. Ageing with HIV, Amy Justice
86. Health care associated infections and emergence of antibiotic resistance, Benedikt Huttner and Stephan Harbarth
87. Healthcare-associated infections and infection control, Pascal Astagneau, Elise Seringe and Francois Bricaire,
88. Vaccines against viral infections, Janet E. McElhaney
89. Vaccination in older adults needs to be included a life-course programme, Jean-Pierre Michel, Pierre-Olivier Lang and Richard Aspinall
Section 9: Cancer: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management Edited by B. Lynn Beattie
90. Cell biology and carcinogenesis in the elderly, Tamas Fulop, Vladimir N. Anisimov, Francis Rodier and Martine Extermann
91. Epidemiology of cancers in older adults, Shane O'Hanlon and Margot Gosney
92. Screening for Cancer, Anne M Horgan and Shabbir MH Alibhai
93. Multidisciplinary management, including chemotherapy of solid tumors (lung, breast & colon), Nicolo Matteo Luca Battisti and Martine Extermann
94. Haemopoietic diseases: Leukemias & Myelomas, Roberto Mina, Alessandra Larocca and Antonio Palumbo
Section 10: Vascular diseases: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management Edited by Jeremy D. Walston
95. Cardiac and Vascular Ageing, Hidetaka Ota and Masahiro Akishita
96. Dyslipidemias and other cardio-metabolic risk factors In Older Adults, Hidenori Arai
97. Physical factors in arterial ageing, Junichiro Hashimoto, Michael F. O'Rourke
98. Peripheral Vascular Disease in Older Adults: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations, Chung S Lim, Sarah Onida and Alun H Davies
99. Aneurysmal Diseases, Gino Gemayel and Afksendiyos Kalangos
100. Pulmonary thromboembolism, Simone Warntges, Katrin Schafer and Stavros V. Konstantinides
101. Hypertension in older adults, Hiromi Rakugi, and Tatsuo Kawai,
102. Syncope and neurocardiovascular instability, R. A. Kenny and Conal Cunningham
103. Management of Atrial Fibrillation and Anticoagulant Therapies, John Whitaker, Jonathan Birns, Matthew Wright and Mark D. O'Neill
104. Management of Bradyarrhythmias, James L Harrison and Mark D O Neill
105. Management of Bachyarrhythmias, James L Harrison and Mark D O Neill
106. Ischemic Heart Disease, Martina Rafanelli, Francesco Orso and Niccolo Marchionni
107. Valvular Heart Disease State of the Art and Treatment Perspectives, Alain Cribier and Helene Eltchaninoff
108. Heart Failure - Definitions, Investigation & Management, John Cleland and John Baxter
109. Cardiac Rehabilitation, Andrew Maiorana, Lis Neubeck, Sian Williams and Keith Hill
110. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Outcomes and Decision Making Processes for Older Adults, Esther M.M. van de Glind, Barbara C. van Munster and Marije E. Hamaker
Section 11: Neurologic Disorders: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management Edited by Finbarr C. Martin
111. Examining the nervous system of an older patient, Henry J. Woodford and James George
112. Peripheral neuropathies and motor neuron disorders, Stephane Mathis, Pierre Bouche, Jean-Michel Vallat
113. Headaches and Facial Pain, Mark Weatherall
114. Traumatic brain injury and subdural hematoma, Abdullah Bin Zahid and Uzma Samadani
115. Seizure disorders and management, Steven C. Schachter
116. Parkinsonism, Parkinson s disease and related conditions, John V. Hindle, Sion Jones and Glesni Davies
117. Stroke: Epidemiology, different types of strokes, Uy Hoang, Abdel Douiri, Salma Ayis, Yanzhong Wang, Anthony Rudd and Charles Wolfe
118. Primary and secondary prevention of stroke, L. Manning, M. Y. Lam, and T. G. Robinson
119. Management of acute stroke within the stroke pathway and stroke clinics, Jonathan Birns and Ajay Bhalla
120. Neurological Rehabilitation, J.S. K. Kwan, M. M. Y Tse and L. S. W. Li
Section 12: Cognitive decline and dementia in older adults: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management Edited by B. Lynn Beattie
121. Normal cognition and ageing: Structure and function, Cognitive reserve, John Starr
122. Epidemiology of Alzheimer s Disease: a relevant challenge for long term follow-up of population-based cohort., Jean Francois Dartigues, Leslie Grasset, Maturin Tabue-Tiguo, Alexandra Foubert, Karine Peres, Catherine Helmer and Helene Amieva
123. Cognitive impairment Risk Factors and Prevention, Francesca Mangialasche , Tiia Nganduand Miia Kivipelto
124. Neuropsychological evaluation of cognition, H. Tuokko and C. Smart
125. Mild Cognitive Impairment, Pieter Jelle Visser, Nienke Legdeur, Mara ten Kate and Daniela Bertens
126. The Diagnosis of Alzheimer s Disease: Assessment and Criteria, Bruno Dubois, Massimo Filippi and Gunhild Waldemar
127. Assessment and diagnosis of the non-Alzheimer dementias, Chiadi U. Onyike
128. Pharmacological interventions in mild cognitive impairment (mci) and dementia, Jacques Hugon and Claire Paquet
129. Non-pharmacologic Behavioral Activity Interventions to Prevent Dementia, Michelle C. Carlson and Vijay R. Varma
130. Management of co-morbidities in demented patients, Gabriel Gold and Dina Zekry,
131. Evidence-based management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, Anne Corbett, Clive Ballard and Byron Creese
132. Caregivers in dementia: Role and Empowerment, Emma Reynish, Nicola Thomson and Jane Roberson
133. A new model of care for patients with dementia: The Japanese Initiative for Dementia Care, Yohko Maki, Takashi Sakurai and Kenji Toba
Section 13: Mental health of older adults Edited by Jean-Pierre Michel
134. Mental health: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management, Renzo Rozzini and Marco Trabucchi
135. Sleep disorders, Yohannes Endeshaw and Donald L. Bliwise
136. Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Christine M. Ulbricht, Jacob Hunnicutt, Anne Hume, Camilla B. Pimentel, Jennifer Tjia and Kate L. Lapane
137. Functional psychoses, Luis Aguera-Ortiz
138. Older people with substance problems, Ilana Crome and Rahul (Tony) Rao
139. Elder Abuse, Peter Crome and Amit Arora
Section 14: Management of Common medical conditions: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management Edited by Finbarr C. Martin
140. Common geriatric emergencies, Simon Conroy and Rosa McNamara
141. Management of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, Natalie Ebert and Elke Schaeffner
142. Oral Health and Mouth Diseases., Michael I Macentee
143. Gastrointestinal disease in the older population, Silvia Carrion and Pere Clave
144. Malabsorption, Philippe Ducrotte and Philippe Chassagne
145. Constipation and faecal incontinence, Philippe Chassagne and Frederic Roca
146. Age-associated breathlessness, Chang Won Won and Sunyoung Kim
147. Anaemia, Ammon M. Fager and Harvey Jay Cohen
148. Endocrinology of Ageing, Alexis McKee and John E. Morley
149. Sexuality in Older Persons, Marcello Maggio, Fulvio Lauretani and Gian Paolo Ceda
150. Skin diseases more common in older adults, Christophe Trivalle and Daniel Wallach
151. Common age-related eye diseases and visual impairment, Jacqueline Chua, Ching-Yu Cheng and Tien Yin Wong
152. Hearing impairments and their treatments, Sara K. Mamo, Theresa H. Chisolm and Frank R. Lin
153. Dizziness and Vertigo, Declan Lyons, Avril Bierne and Joanna Lawson
Section 15: Palliative medicine and end of life care Edited by Jean-Pierre Michel
154. Why, when, and where do older people diea
155. Prognostication and Recognition of dying, Viviana Forte and Giovanni Gambassi
156. Pain assessment and management in cognitively intact and impaired patients, Nele Van Den Noortgate and Elizabeth Sampson
157. Symptom assessment and management at the end of life, Nele Van Den Noortgate and Elizabeth Sampson
158. Eating and Drinking in Later Life, Finbarr C Martin, Abdul Abyad, Hidenori Arai, Marcel Arcand, Hashim Hasan Balubaid, B Lynn Beattie, Yitshal N. Berner, Rajiv Mohan Kaushik, Pedro Paulo Marin, Yasuyoshi Ouchi, Marwan Ramadan and Paulina Taboada
159. Rehabilitation: additional palliative care approaches
160. Advance Care Planning for Older People, Aline De Vleminck and Luc Deliens
Section 16: Healthy ageing Edited by Jeremy D. Walston
161. Healthy Ageing Phenotypes and Trajectories, Sebastiano Collino, Blandine Comte, Estelle Pujos Guillot, Claudio Franceschi, Antonio Nunez Galindo, Loic Dayon and Martin Kussmann
162. Empowerment of the ageing population: a contribution to active ageing, Ina Voelcker and Alexandre Kalache
163. Midlife risk factors of diseases and geriatric syndromes, Timo E. Strandberg
164. Optimizing Physical Activity Across the Lifespan, Stephen D. Anton, Duane Corbett and Todd Manini
165. Nutrition, ageing and longevity, Tommy Cederholm and Mai-Lis Hellenius
166. Optimizing cognition in older adults: lifestyle factors, neuroplasticity, cognitive reserve., Nicoletta Berardi, Alessandro Sale and Lamberto Maffei
167. Preserving Mental Health and Well-Being, Osvaldo P. Almeida
168. Clinical Translation of Interventions that Target Ageing: Toward a Longevity Dividend, Allyson K. Palmer and James L. Kirkland
169. Driving, transportation and mobility in the older adult, Benjamin Shapiro and L. Jaime Fitten,
170. Nanosciences and the Medicine of Ageing, James Podrebarac, Joel Edin, Erik J. Suuronen, Emilio I. Alarcon and May Griffith
171. Gerontechnology, Tilak Dutta, Babak Taati, Pam Holliday, Yue Li, Steve Pong, Alex Mihailidis and Geoffrey Fernie
172. Personalized Medicine for Older Adults, Gunnar Akner
173. What next for Geriatric Medicine?, Jean-Pierre Michel, B. Lynn Beattie, Finbarr C. Martin and Jeremy Walston
Index