Listening to Music

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ISBN: 9780131733398 | 0131733397
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 10/26/2007

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Written in a lively and appealing style,Listening to Musicprovides the foundation for acquiring a lifelong knowledge and appreciation of music. It concentrates on the effective listening skills needed to identify composers and to recognize their styles and some of their representative works. Readers are encouraged to become informed consumers of music and active supporters of the arts. This comprehensive book covers the musical process, the materials of music, the common style periods of concert music (from the Baroque period to the present), and adjunct music, including North American popular music, broadway musical theater, and music in the movies.A useful reference work for those in the music industry.

Author's Note

xii

About the Authors

xiii

Preface

xiv

Prelude: Music Belongs to Everyone

(4)

Part One: The Musical Process

From the Creator to the Listener

(4)

What to Listen for in Music

(4)

The Sensory Approach

(1)

The Emotional Approach

(1)

The Contextual Approach

(1)

The Script Approach

(1)

The Musically Aware Approach

(1)

Music Listening Checklist

(1)

Music Listening Boxes

(1)

Individual Listening Guides

(1)

Additional Listening Help

(1)

Becoming a Musically Aware Concertgoer

(18)

What Are the Different Types of Concerts?

(5)

Listening Activity: Martin Bookspan, Host

(4)

How Can I Find Out about Concerts and Ticket Sales?

(2)

How Can I Prepare for a Concert?

(1)

How Can I Prepare for Opera?

(1)

What Do I Need to Know Before the Concert Begins?

(1)

What Is in the Printed Program?

(3)

What Concert Traditions Do I Need to Know About?

(1)

When Should I Applaud?

(1)

What Is the Conductor's Role?

(4)

Part Two: The Materials of Music

How the Basic Musical Elements Interact

(10)

Multimedia Presentation

(10)

Listening Guide: Elements of Music: Martin Bookspan, Host

(8)

Performing Media: Instruments, Voices, and Ensembles

(28)

Acoustics of Vocal and Instrumental Sound

(1)

Instrumental Performing Media

(1)

How Instruments Produce Sound

(1)

Performing Media and Performances: Solo Instruments and Ensembles

(1)

The Orchestra and its Instruments

(4)

How Do I Become Familiar with the Instruments?

(1)

Listening Activity and Guide: Britten, The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra

(1)

How the Orchestra Developed

(11)

Listening Activity: Vivaldi, The Four Seasons, ``Spring,'' Op. 8, First Movement

(1)

Listening Activity: Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 2, Third Movement

(1)

Listening Activity: Haydn, Symphony No. 94 (Surprise), Third Movement

(2)

Listening Activity: Beethoven, Symphony No. 5, First Movement

(1)

Listening Activity: Berlioz, Symphonie Fantastique, Fifth Movement

(1)

Listening Activity: Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring, ``Sacrificial Dance''

(1)

The Wind Ensemble

(1)

Keyboard Instruments

(2)

Listening Activity: Bach, Fugue in G Minor (Little)

(1)

Listening Activity: Mozart, Variations ``Ah, Vous Dirai-je, Maman'' K.265

(1)

Listening Activity: Chopin, Fantaisie Impromptu, Opus 66

(1)

Electronic Instruments

(1)

Human Voice

(5)

Listening Activity: Mozart, ``Madamina'' Aria from Don Giovanni

(1)

Listening Activity: Puccini, La Boheme (The Bohemian Life), Act 1 (excerpt)

(3)

Part Three: The Common Style Periods of Concert Music

An Introduction to Musical Styles

(4)

Why Study Musical Styles?

(4)

Music Before 1600

(14)

The Middle Ages (450--1450)

(3)

Music of the Middle Ages

(1)

Listening Activity, Gregorian Chant: Alleluia Pascha Nostrum

(1)

The Beginnings of Polyphony

(2)

Listening Activity, Organum: Leonin, Alleluia Dies Sanctificatus

(1)

The Renaissance (1450--1600)

(2)

Music in the Renaissance

(2)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in Polyphonic Music

(1)

Palestrina's Biography and Principal Works

(4)

Listening Activity: Palestrina, De Beata Virgine, ``Kyrie'' from the Mass

(4)

The Baroque Style Period (1600--1750)

(4)

Protestant Reformation

(2)

Counter-Reformation

(2)

Baroque Style Music (1600--1750)

(26)

Changes Occur in the New Baroque Music

(2)

Baroque-Style Vocal Music

(2)

Monteverdi's Biography and Principal Works

(2)

Baroque Oratorio

(1)

Schutz's Biography and Principal Works

(1)

Handel's Biography and Principal Works

(5)

Listening Activity and Guide: Handel, Messiah, ``For Unto Us a Child Is Born''

101

(3)

Baroque Cantata

104

(1)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in Baroque Music

105

(1)

Bach's Biography and Principal Works

105

(4)

Listening Activity and Guide: Bach, Cantata No. 140, ``Opening Chorus''

106

(3)

Baroque Instrumental Music

109

(1)

Vivaldi's Biography and Principal Works

110

(1)

Listening Activity and Guide: Vivaldi, The Four Seasons, ``Spring'' First Movement

110

(1)

Baroque Keyboard Music

111

(7)

Listening Activity and Guide: Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No.2, Third Movement

112

(3)

Listening Activity and Guide: Bach, Fugue in G Minor (Little)

115

(3)

The Classical Style Period (1750--1820)

118

(6)

Political and Social Background

118

(3)

Classical Origins

121

(3)

Music of the Classical Period

124

(22)

Mozart

124

(1)

Haydn

125

(1)

Young Beethoven

126

(1)

Mozart's Biography and Principal Works

126

(2)

Haydn's Biography and Principal Works

128

(13)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in Classical Music

131

(1)

Listening Activity and Guide: Mozart, Variations ``Ah, Vous Dirai-Je, Maman,'' K. 265

132

(2)

Listening Activity and Guide: Mozart, Horn Concerto No. 2, Third Movement

134

(1)

Listening Activity and Guide: Beethoven, Piano Sonata No. 8 in c minor, Opus 13 ``Pathetique,'' Third Movement

135

(2)

Listening Activity and Guide: Haydn, Symphony No. 94, ``Surprise'' Third Movement

137

(2)

Listening Activity and Guide: Mozart, Symphony No. 40, First Movement

139

(2)

Classical-Period Opera

141

(5)

Listening Activity and Guide: Mozart, ``Madamina'' Aria from Don Giovanni

142

(4)

Beethoven: Bridge to Romanticism

146

(12)

Beethoven's Biography and Principal Works

148

(8)

Listening Activity: Beethoven, Piano Sonata No. 8 (Pathetique), Third Movement

150

(3)

Listening Activity and Guide: Beethoven, Symphony No. 5, First Movement

153

(3)

The Great Ninth Symphony (Choral)

156

(2)

The Romantic Style Period (1820--1900)

158

(6)

Romantic Subjects

160

(1)

Romanticism in Music

161

(3)

Early Romantic Music

164

(24)

Orchestral Music

164

(2)

Berlioz's Biography and Principal Works

166

(6)

Listening Activity and Guide: Berlioz, Symphonie Fantastique, Fifth Movement

168

(4)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in Early Romantic Music

172

(1)

The Romantic Art Song

172

(1)

Schubert's Biography and Principal Works

172

(4)

Listening Activity and Guide: Schubert, Erlking

174

(2)

Robert Schumann's Biography and Principal Works

176

(1)

Romantic Piano Music

176

(1)

Clara Schumann's Biography and Principal Works

177

(3)

Listening Activity and Guide: Schumann (Clara), Scherzo, Opus 10

178

(2)

Chopin's Biography and Principal Works

180

(2)

Listening Activity and Guide: Chopin, Fantaisie-Impromptu Op. 66

181

(1)

Liszt's Biography and Principal Works

182

(1)

Felix Mendelssohn's Biography and Principal Works

183

(1)

Fanny Mendelssohn's Biography and Principal Works

184

(4)

Listening Activity and Guide: Mendelssohn, Concerto for Violin and Orchestra, First Movement

185

(3)

Romantic Opera

188

(20)

Italian Romantic Opera

191

(1)

Donizetti's Biography and Principal Works

192

(1)

Bellini's Biography and Principal Works

192

(1)

Rossini's Biography and Principal Works

193

(1)

Verdi's Biography and Principal Works

193

(4)

Listening Activity and Guide: Verdi, La Traviata, Act 1, ``E strano! E strano!'' ``Sempre libera'' ``Follie, Follie''

194

(3)

Puccini's Biography and Principal Works

197

(2)

Listening Activity: Puccini, La Boheme, Act 1, duet

198

(1)

Offenbach's Biography and Principal Works

199

(1)

French Romantic Opera

200

(1)

Bizet's Biography and Principal Works

201

(1)

German Romantic Opera

202

(1)

Weber's Biography and Principal Works

203

(1)

Wagner's Biography and Principal Works

203

(5)

Listening Activity and Guide: Wagner, Overture to Die Meistersinger von Nurnberg

204

(3)

Listening Insights: Understanding Wagnerian Opera

207

(1)

Late Romantic Music

208

(18)

The State of Music in the Late Romantic Period

208

(3)

Brahms's Biography and Principal Works

211

(5)

Listening Activity and Guide: Brahms, Academic Festival Overture

212

(4)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in Romantic Chamber Music

216

(1)

Mahler's Biography and Principal Works

216

(7)

Listening Activity and Guide: Mahler, Songs of a Wayfarer, ``Ging Heut Morgen uber Feld''

217

(4)

Listening Activity and Guide: Mahler, Symphony No. 1, First Movement

221

(2)

Strauss's Biography and Principal Works

223

(3)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in Programmatic and Highly Descriptive Music

224

(2)

Nationalism

226

(12)

Political Influences

226

(2)

Nationalism in Music

228

(1)

Mussorgsky's Biography and Principal Works

229

(1)

Tchaikovsky's Biography and Principal Works

230

(4)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in Nationalistic Music

231

(1)

Listening Activity and Guide: Tchaikovsky, The 1812 Overture

232

(2)

Rimsky-Korsakov's Biography and Principal Works

234

(1)

Rachmaninov's Biography and Principal Works

235

(1)

Bartok's Biography and Principal Works

236

(2)

Impressionism

238

(10)

Impressionistic Poetry and Painting

238

(2)

Impressionism in Music

240

(1)

Debussy's Biography and Principal Works

241

(5)

Listening Insights: What to Listen For in Impressionistic Music

244

(1)

Listening Activity and Guide: Debussy, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun

244

(2)

Ravel's Biography and Principal Works

246

(2)

Modernism and Post-Modernism

248

(8)

Influence of the World Wars

248

(2)

Art Redefined

250

(1)

Overview of the Modernist/Post-Modernist Period (1900--Today)

251

(2)

Characteristics of Modernist/Post-Modernist Music

253

(3)

Stravinsky: Into the Twentieth Century

256

(10)

Stravinsky's Pivotal Position

257

(1)

Stravinsky's Biography and Principal Works

258

(8)

Listening Activity and Guide: Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring ``Sacrificial Dance''

263

(2)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in Modernist and Post-Modernist Music

265

(1)

Expressionism: Atonal Music

266

(6)

Atonality

267

(1)

Schoenberg's Biography and Principal Works

268

(3)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in Tone Row/Serial Music

269

(1)

Listening Activity: Schoenberg, Suite for Piano, Op.25 ``Praeludium''

270

(1)

Berg's Biography and Principal Works

271

(1)

Neoclassicism: Mainstream Music

272

(12)

Beginnings of Neoclassicism

272

(2)

Prokofiev's Biography and Principal Works

274

(3)

Listening Activity and Guide: Prokofiev Symphony No.1 ``Classical,'' First Movement

275

(2)

Shostakovich's Biography and Principal Works

277

(1)

Moving Back to the Mainstream

277

(7)

Spotlight: Outstanding Artist-Teacher: Nadia Boulanger

279

(5)

Experimental and Technological Music

284

(8)

Musique Concrete

284

(2)

Electronic Music

286

(1)

Computer and Mixed Media Music

286

(4)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in Chance and Aleatoric Music

289

(1)

What Lies Ahead?

290

(2)

Classical Music in North America

292

(24)

Immigration

292

(2)

American Composers

294

(1)

Amy Beach's Biography and Principal Works

295

(1)

Ives' Biography and Principal Works

295

(7)

Listening Activity and Guide: Ives, song: ``Charlie Rutlage''

296

(2)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in the Music of Charles Ives

298

(1)

Listening Activity and Guide: Ives, First Orchestral Set: Three Places in New England, ``Putnam's Camp''

299

(3)

Gershwin's Biography and Principal Works

302

(5)

Listening Activity and Guide: Gershwin, Porgy and Bess ``Bess, You is My Woman Now''

303

(3)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in Contemporary Eclectic Music

306

(1)

Copland's Biography and Principal Works

307

(2)

Listening Activity and Guide: Copland, Rodeo Ballet, ``Hoe Down''

307

(2)

Bernstein's Biography and Principal Works

309

(2)

Listening Activity and Guide: Bernstein, Overture to Candide

310

(1)

Other American Composers

311

(1)

Menotti's Biography and Principal Works

311

(1)

Zwilich's Biography and Principal Works

312

(4)

Listening Activity and Guide: Zwilich, Concerto Grosso, 1985, First Movement

313

(3)

Part Four: Music of Cultural Diversity

Jazz: The Great American Art Form

316

(20)

The Origins and Emergence of Jazz

316

(4)

Blues

320

(3)

Joplin's Biography and Principal Works

323

(4)

Listening Activity and Guide: Joplin, ``The Entertainer''

324

(3)

Early Jazz to 1930

327

(1)

Armstrong's Biography and Principal Works

328

(2)

Ellington's Biography and Principal Works

330

(1)

Jazz After World War II

331

(5)

Popular Music

336

(38)

The Development of Modern Popular Music

338

(1)

Tin Pan Alley

338

(1)

The Impact of Media

339

(1)

The Birth of Recording

339

(1)

Popular Singing

340

(3)

Lush and Lovely: The Jazz Divas

343

(4)

Music and the Music Industry 1950s to the Present: Something for Everyone

347

(1)

The World of Rock and Roll

347

(2)

Something for Everyone

349

(1)

Folk and Folk-Rock

349

(6)

Motown

355

(1)

Rhythm & Blues (R & B) and Soul

355

(2)

Rap: Rhyme, Rhythm, and Roots

357

(1)

Some Classic Rock Bands

358

(1)

The British Invasion

358

(4)

The Great American Rock Bands (1960s and 1970s)

362

(4)

Who Else Has Been Influential?

366

(3)

Country Music

369

(2)

Country Music Association

371

(1)

Making and Marketing Popular Music in the Twenty-first Century

372

(2)

Broadway Musical Theater

374

(28)

The Broadway Musical: Its Roots

376

(1)

North American Roots of the Musical

376

(2)

Stephen Foster's Biography and Principal Works

378

(1)

From Minstrelsy to Vaudeville

379

(5)

Romberg's Biography and Principal Works

384

(1)

Herbert's Biography and Principal Works

384

(1)

Friml's Biography and Principal Works

385

(1)

Berlin's Biography and Principal Works

385

(1)

Kern's Biography and Principal Works

386

(5)

Listening Activity and Guide: Kern, Show Boat, ``Ol' Man River''

387

(4)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in Broadway Musicals

391

(1)

Porter's Biography and Principal Works

391

(1)

Rodgers' Biography and Principal Works

392

(1)

Sondheim's Biography and Principal Works

393

(4)

Listening Activity: Sondheim, A Little Night Music, ``Send in the Clowns''

394

(1)

Listening Activity: Bernstein, Overture to Candide

395

(1)

Listening Activity: Bock, Fiddler on the Roof, ``Sunrise, Sunset''

395

(2)

Musicals Adapted from Other Sources

397

(3)

Other Notable Composers and Lyricists

400

(2)

Music in the Movies

402

(18)

How It Began: The Silent Era

403

(1)

Cataloguing of Existing Concert Music

403

(1)

Masters Transcribed for Film

404

(1)

The Role of Music in Sound Films

405

(1)

Film Music Comes of Age

405

(1)

The Hollywood Sound

406

(1)

The Contribution of Music to Film

406

(1)

Movie Music of the Golden Age

407

(1)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in Film Music

407

(1)

Some of the Great Film Composers of the Golden Age

408

(3)

The Next Generation of Composers

411

(2)

Music and the Magic of Animation

413

(2)

Matching Music and Pictures

415

(1)

The Stature of Movie Music Today

416

(4)

Listening Insights: What to Listen for in Film Music

416

(4)

Contributions of World Cultures

420

(15)

Non-Western Influences in Western Art Music

422

(1)

Music South of the Sahara

423

(4)

Listening Activity: ``If it Comes to Fighting with Guns'' Ewe People of West Africa

425

(2)

Music of India

427

(1)

Music of Japan

428

(7)

Listening Activity: Japan (Gagaku): Netori (prelude) & ``Etenraku in Hyojo''

429

(3)

Listening Activity: Japan: Kabuki Nagauta Music from the Play Pojoji

432

(3)

Finale: Audience Power in the Twenty-first Century

435

(4)

Beyond Survival

437

(2)

Listening Activity: Finale: Host, Martin Bookspan

438

(1)

Appendix A: Basic Music Notation

439

(2)

Appendix B: Common Scales in Music

441

(5)

Appendix C: Writing Reports

446

(3)

Appendix D: Music Listening Checklist

449

(2)

Appendix E: Listening Resources: Expand Your Expertise

451

(13)

Appendix F: Challenge Your Expertise Answers

464

(5)

Appendix G: Guide to the Recordings

469

(2)

Glossary of Musical Terms

471

(7)

Photo Credits

478

(3)

Index

481

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Listening to Music

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials