Solaris 7 Administrator Certification: Training Guide

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ISBN: 9781578702497 | 1578702496
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 9/1/2000

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Solaris is the fastest growing and most popular commercial UNIX operating system. If you are a IT professional administering systems running on Solaris, you can obtain Sun certification as a way to provide a standard, tangible way of measuring your technical skills. Certification may provide job advancement opportunities and third party validation of skills. This title offers the perfect self-study tool to allow you to prepare confidently at your own pace, in your own time. Comprehensive and focused on teaching what you need to understand --- not just facts you need to know - this book is the most complete test preparation tool available on the market. Structured according to the exam objectives, Solaris 7 Administrator Certification Training Guide, Part I and Part II prepares you by concentrating on subjects such as system startup, server setup and customization, device files, file systems, networking, naming services, user security, software administration, and script writing.

SECTION I PART I

(288)

System Startup

(22)

Booting the System

(12)

Power On

(1)

Boot PROM and Program Phases

(1)

Kernel Initialization Phase

(1)

The boot Command

(3)

System Run States

(2)

Swapper

(1)

INIT Phase

(2)

rc Scripts

(3)

Using the Run Control Scripts to Stop or Start Services

(2)

Adding Scripts to the Run Control Directories

(2)

System Shutdown

(5)

Commands to Shut Down the System

(1)

/usr/sbin/shutdown

(1)

/sbin/init

(1)

/usr/sbin/halt

(1)

/usr/sbin/reboot

(1)

/usr/sbin/poweroff

(1)

Stopping the System for Recovery Purposes

(1)

Turning Off the Power

(1)

Summary

(2)

OpenBoot

(38)

OpenBoot Environment

(1)

Accessing the OpenBoot Environment

(1)

OpenBoot Firmware Tasks

(1)

OpenBoot Architecture

(1)

OpenBoot Interface

(2)

The Restricted Monitor

(1)

The Forth Monitor

(1)

Getting Help in OpenBoot

(1)

PROM Full Device Names

(5)

OpenBoot Device Aliases

(2)

OpenBoot Non- Volatile RAM (NVRAM)

(5)

OpenBoot Security

(2)

OpenBoot Diagnostics

(4)

Input and Output Control

(1)

boot

(5)

Kernel

(9)

Summary

(2)

Installing the Solaris 7 Software

(20)

Requirements and Preparation for Installing the Solaris 7 Software

(3)

Unsupported Frame Buffers

(1)

Unsupported Sun4c Architectures

(1)

Minimum System Requirements

(1)

Software Terminology: Packages, Clusters, and Configuration Clusters

(3)

Software Package

(1)

Software Clusters and Configuration Clusters

(3)

System Configuration to be Installed

(3)

Server

(1)

Client

(1)

Diskless Client

(1)

JavaStation Client

(1)

Solstice AutoClient

(1)

Stand-Alone

(1)

Performance of Clients Relative to a Stand-Alone System

(1)

Disk Storage Systems

(2)

Basic Considerations for Planning Partition Sizes

(1)

Partition Arrangements on Multiple Disks

(1)

Device Drivers

(4)

Physical Device Name

(1)

Instance Name

(1)

Logical Device Name

(1)

Block and Character Device Files

(1)

Methods of Installing the Solaris 7 Software

(1)

Interactive

(1)

Custom JumpStart

(1)

Web Start

(1)

Installing Over the Network

(1)

The Solaris Installation Process

(1)

Summary

(1)

Introduction to File Systems

(30)

A File System Defined

(1)

Defining a Disk's Geometry

(1)

Disk Controller

(1)

Defect List

(1)

Disk Label

(1)

Partition Table

(1)

Solaris File System Types

(1)

Disk-Based File Systems

(1)

Network-Based File Systems

(1)

Virtual File Systems

(1)

Disk Slices

(6)

Displaying Disk Configuration Information

(1)

Using the format tility to Create Slices

(3)

Logical Volumes

100

(1)

Parts of a UFS File System

100

(4)

The Boot Block

102

(1)

The Superblock

102

(1)

The Inode

103

(1)

The Storage Block

104

(1)

Free Blocks

104

(1)

Creating a UFS File System

104

(2)

Understanding Custom File System Parameters

106

(3)

Logical Block Size

106

(1)

Fragment Size

107

(1)

Minimum Free Space

107

(1)

Rotational Delay (Gap)

108

(1)

Optimization Type

108

(1)

Number of Inodes and Bytes Per Inode

109

(1)

File System Operations

109

(10)

Synchronizing a File System

109

(1)

Repairing File Systems

110

(1)

Determining Whether a File System Needs Checking

111

(1)

Running fsck Manually

112

(1)

Mounting File Systems

113

(1)

Creating an Entry in the /etc/vfstab File to Mount File Systems

113

(1)

Using the Command Line to Mount File Systems

114

(1)

Displaying Mounted File Systems

115

(1)

Mounting a File System with Large Files

116

(1)

Mounting a File System with UFS Logging Enabled

116

(1)

Displaying a File System's Disk Space Usage

117

(1)

Displaying Directory Size Information

118

(1)

Controlling User Disk Space Usage

118

(1)

Summary

119

(1)

Solaris File Systems: Advanced Topics

120

(28)

Constructing a File System

121

(4)

The labelit Command

123

(1)

The volcopy Command

124

(1)

Tuning File Systems

125

(3)

The fstyp Command

127

(1)

Large Versus Small Files

128

(1)

Mounting a File System

129

(4)

/etc/mnttab

132

(1)

Unmounting a File System

133

(1)

The fuser Command

133

(1)

Volume Manager

134

(10)

Troubleshooting Volume Manager

140

(4)

Information on File Systems

144

(2)

Summary

146

(2)

System Security

148

(30)

Physical Security

149

(1)

Controlling System Access

150

(5)

Where User Account Information Is Stored

152

(3)

Restricted Shells

155

(1)

Controlling File Access

155

(8)

Default umask

157

(1)

Stick Bit

157

(1)

Access Control Lists (ACLs)

158

(1)

Setting ACL Entries

159

(1)

Checking the New File Permissions

159

(1)

Verifying ACL Entries

159

(1)

Copying a File's ACL to Another File

160

(1)

Modifying ACL Entries on a File

160

(1)

Deleting ACL Entries from a File

161

(1)

Setting the Correct Path

161

(1)

The setgid and setgid Programs

162

(1)

Auditing Users

163

(5)

Monitoring Users and System Usage

163

(2)

Checking Who's Logged In

165

(1)

The whodo Command

166

(1)

The last command

167

(1)

Network Security

168

(3)

Firewalls

168

(1)

TCP Wrappers

169

(1)

The /etc/default/login File

170

(1)

Modems

170

(1)

The Trusted Host

170

(1)

The /etc/hosts.equiv File

170

(1)

The .rhosts File

171

(1)

Securing Superuser Access

171

(3)

Restricting Root Access

172

(1)

Monitoring Superuser Access

172

(1)

SUDO

173

(1)

Automated Security Enhancement Tool (ASET)

174

(2)

Common-Sense Security Techniques

176

(1)

Summary

177

(1)

Setting Up User Accounts

178

(16)

Adding a User Account with Admintool

180

(4)

Deleting a User Account with Admintool

184

(1)

Modifying a User Account with Admintool

185

(1)

Adding a Group with Admintool

186

(1)

Setting Up User Initialization Files

187

(1)

Customizing User Initialization Files

188

(3)

The Home Directory

191

(1)

Name Services

191

(1)

Summary

192

(2)

Software Package Administration

194

(12)

Tools for Managing Software

195

(1)

Adding and Removing Software Packages

196

(3)

Adding Software Packages

197

(2)

Removing Software Packages

199

(1)

Listing and Verifying Installed Packages

199

(1)

Software Patches

200

(4)

Installing a Patch

201

(2)

Removing a Patch

203

(1)

General Guidelines

204

(1)

Summary

204

(2)

Writing Shell Scripts and Programs

206

(16)

Shell Script Basics

207

(1)

Selecting a Shell to Use

208

(1)

Bourne Shell Variables

209

(4)

Quoting

210

(1)

Delimiters

211

(1)

Shell Variables

211

(2)

Built-Ins

213

(1)

Shell Conditionals

214

(4)

&& and ∥

215

(1)

True and False Programs

215

(1)

216

(1)

The Test Program

216

(2)

case

218

(1)

Repeated-Action Commands

218

(2)

The for Loop

219

(1)

The while Loop

219

(1)

The until Loop

220

(1)

Shell Functions

220

(1)

Summary

221

(1)

The LP Print Service

222

(26)

The Solaris Print Service

223

(2)

The Print Spooler

224

(1)

The Print Daemon

224

(1)

Setting Up the Hardware

225

(1)

Ethernet Connection

225

(1)

Parallel Connection

226

(1)

Serial Connection

226

(1)

Setting Up the Software

226

(8)

BSD Versus SVR4 Printing Software

226

(1)

BSD Print Service

227

(1)

SVR4 Print Service

227

(1)

Print Server Verus Print Client

228

(2)

Configuring Software for a Solaris Printer

230

(3)

Using a Printer Not Listed on the Printer Types Menu

233

(1)

Administering Printers

234

(13)

Deleting Printers and Managing Printer Access

234

(2)

Creating Printer Classes

236

(1)

Checking Printer Status

237

(2)

Managing Printer Queues

239

(1)

Deleting a Print Job

239

(1)

Canceling a Print Request

239

(1)

Sending a Print Job at a Higher Priority

240

(1)

Limiting User Access to a Printer

240

(2)

Accepting or Rejecting Print Requests for a Printer

242

(1)

Canceling a Print Request from a Specific User

243

(1)

Changing the Priority of a Print Request

243

(1)

Restarting the Print Scheduler

244

(1)

Setting a User's Default Printer

245

(1)

Modifying the Printer with Admintool

245

(2)

Summary

247

(1)

Process Control

248

(24)

Viewing a Process

249

(5)

Using Signals

254

(3)

Using the kill Command

256

(1)

Scheduling Processes

257

(3)

Scheduling Priorities

258

(1)

Changing the Priority of a Time-Sharing Process with nice

258

(2)

Changing the Scheduling Priority of Processes with priocntl

260

(1)

Using the Solaris Batch-Processing Facility

260

(5)

Configuring Crontab

260

(2)

Creating and Editing a Crontab File

262

(1)

Controlling Access to Crontab

262

(1)

Scheduling a Single System Event (at)

263

(1)

Checking Jobs in Queue (atq and at-l)

264

(1)

Removing and verifying Removal of at Jobs

265

(1)

Syslog

265

(4)

Other Important Files Where Information Is Logged

269

(1)

Summary

270

(2)

Backup and Recovery

272

(24)

Solaris Backup and Restoration Utilities

273

(21)

tar

273

(1)

tar Examples

274

(1)

275

(1)

dd Examples

276

(1)

cpio

276

(1)

cpio Examples

277

(1)

Backing Up Files with Copy-Out Mode

278

(1)

Restoring Files with Copy-In Mode

279

(1)

Pass Mode

279

(1)

pax

279

(3)

pax Examples

282

(1)

ufsdump

283

(4)

ufsdump Examples

287

(1)

ufsrestore

288

(2)

ufsrestore Examples

290

(2)

Recovering the Root or/usr File System

292

(2)

Additional Notes About Restoring Files

294

(1)

Summary

294

(2)

SECTION II PART II

296

(258)

Device Administration

298

(22)

Hardware Terminology

299

(1)

Ports

299

(1)

Terminals

299

(1)

Modems

300

(1)

Cabling

300

(1)

Software Terminology

300

(2)

Sevice Access Controller (SAC)

301

(1)

Port Monitors

301

(1)

ttymon

302

(1)

listen

302

(1)

Administering Terminals, Modems, and Ports

302

(11)

Adding a Modem Using Admintool

303

(3)

Adding a Terminal Using Admintool

306

(1)

Using the Service Access Facility (SAF)

307

(1)

sacadm

308

(1)

pmadm

309

(2)

Port Monitor Tag (pmtag)

311

(1)

Service Tag (svctag)

312

(1)

ttyadm

312

(1)

nlsadmin

313

(1)

Setting Up Modems and Terminals by Using SAF

313

(5)

The tip Command

315

(2)

Using the Modem

317

(1)

Summary

318

(2)

Installing a Server

320

(34)

The Server

321

(1)

Prerequisites for the Server

322

(1)

Installing Solaris 7 on the Server

322

(2)

Installing Software Using the Interactive Installation Program

324

(6)

Solstice AdminSuite

330

(4)

Host Management

331

(1)

User Management

332

(1)

Group Management

332

(1)

Administrative Data Management

332

(1)

Printer Management

332

(1)

Serial Port Management

332

(1)

Storage Management

333

(1)

Installing AdminSuite

334

(4)

Preinstallation Checklist

334

(2)

The Installation Process

336

(2)

The Client/Server Relationship

338

(14)

Adding AutoClient Support

338

(3)

How an AutoClient System Works

341

(2)

Setting Up the AutoClient Server

343

(3)

Adding AutoClients to the Server

346

(2)

Starting on AutoClient System

348

(1)

Patching an AutoClient System

349

(3)

Summary

352

(2)

JumpStart

354

(40)

Overview

355

(1)

Preparing for a Custom JumpStart Installation

356

(1)

What Happens During a Custom JumpStart Installation

357

(7)

Startup Server

357

(1)

Setting Up the Startup Server

358

(3)

Install Server

361

(1)

Setting Up the Install Server

361

(1)

Profile Server

362

(1)

Setting Up the Profile Server

362

(1)

Setting Up a Profile Diskette

363

(1)

The Rules File

364

(10)

Validating the Rules File

372

(1)

begin and finish Scripts

373

(1)

Creating Profiles

374

(13)

backup_media

375

(1)

boot_device

376

(1)

client_arch

377

(1)

client_root

377

(1)

client_swap

378

(1)

cluster

378

(1)

dontuse

379

(1)

filesys

379

(3)

install_type

382

(1)

layout_constraint

382

(2)

locale

384

(1)

num_clients

384

(1)

package

385

(1)

partitioning

385

(1)

root_device

386

(1)

system_type

386

(1)

usedisk

386

(1)

Testing Profiles

387

(2)

Setting Up Clients

389

(1)

A Sample JumpStart Installation

390

(2)

Setting Up the Install Server

390

(1)

Creating the JumpStart Directory

390

(1)

Setting Up a Profile Server

390

(2)

Setting Up Clients

392

(1)

Starting Up the Clients

392

(1)

Summary

392

(2)

Device Configuration and Naming

394

(22)

Device Drivers

395

(1)

Physical Device Name

395

(8)

Device Auto-Configuration

403

(1)

Instance Name

404

(4)

Major and Minor Device Numbers

408

(2)

Logical Device Name

410

(4)

The disks Command

412

(1)

Block and Raw Devices

413

(1)

Meta Devices

414

(1)

Summary

415

(1)

Networking

416

(20)

Network Fundamentals

417

(5)

Network Topologies

417

(1)

LAN

417

(1)

WAN

417

(1)

Network Protocols

418

(1)

Packet

418

(1)

TCP/IP

418

(1)

Ethernet

418

(2)

FDDI

420

(1)

Network Hardware

420

(1)

NIC

420

(1)

Host

421

(1)

Hub

421

(1)

Router

422

(1)

Planning the Network

422

(1)

Setting Up the Network

423

(2)

/etc/hostname.interface

423

(1)

/etc/nodename

423

(1)

/etc/defaultdomain

423

(1)

/etc/inet/hosts

423

(2)

/etc/defaultrouter

425

(1)

Network Security Files

425

(1)

IP Addressing

425

(2)

Class A Networks

426

(1)

Class B Networks

426

(1)

Class C Networks

426

(1)

Class D and E Networks

426

(1)

Planning for IP Addressing

426

(1)

Name Service

427

(1)

TCP/IP Commands

428

(5)

telnet

428

(1)

rlogin

428

(1)

ftp

428

(1)

rcp

429

(1)

rsh

429

(1)

rexec

430

(1)

rwho

430

(1)

finger

430

(1)

rup

430

(1)

ping

430

(2)

spray

432

(1)

Network Maintenance

433

(1)

Summary

434

(2)

The NFS Environment

436

(38)

Servers and Clients

437

(1)

NFS on Solaris

438

(6)

NFS Daemons

440

(1)

Setting Up NFS

440

(3)

NFS Security

443

(1)

Mounting a Remote File System

444

(4)

WebNFS

448

(3)

How to Enable WebNFS Access

450

(1)

Using a Browser to Access an NFS URL

451

(1)

CacheFS

451

(8)

Creating the Cache

452

(4)

Monitoring the Cache

456

(2)

Deleting a Cache

458

(1)

Checking Consistency

458

(1)

Autofs

459

(3)

Autofs Maps

462

(1)

Master Map

462

(11)

Direct Map

465

(4)

Indirect Map

469

(4)

When to Use Automount

473

(1)

Summary

473

(1)

Name Services

474

(28)

Name Services Overview

475

(1)

/etc Files

476

(1)

NIS

476

(6)

Structure of the NIS Network

477

(1)

Determining How Many NIS Servers You Need

478

(1)

Determining Which Hosts Will be NIS Servers

478

(1)

Information Managed by NIS

478

(4)

Planning Your NIS Domain

482

(12)

Configuring a NIS Master Server

482

(2)

Creating the Master passwd File

484

(2)

Creating the Master group File

486

(1)

Creating the Master hosts File

487

(1)

Other Source File

487

(1)

Preparing the Makefile

488

(1)

Setting Up the Master Server with ypinit

488

(2)

Starting and Stopping NIS on the Master Server

490

(1)

Name Service Switch

490

(2)

Setting Up NIS Clients

492

(1)

Setting Up NIS Slave Servers

492

(2)

NIS+

494

(4)

Hierarchical Namespace

494

(1)

NIS+ Tables

495

(1)

NIS+ Security

496

(1)

Authentication

496

(1)

Authorization

497

(1)

DES Authentication

498

(1)

DNS

499

(1)

Summary

500

(2)

Solstice AdminSuite

502

(32)

Solstice AdminSuite and the Command-Line Equivalents

503

(1)

Starting the Solstice AdminSuite Tools

504

(2)

Customizing the Launcher Window

506

(1)

Using the Solstice AdminSuite Tools

507

(26)

Host Manager

508

(1)

User Manager

508

(1)

Setting Up User Account Defaults

509

(2)

Adding a New User Account

511

(1)

Modifying a User Account

512

(1)

Deleting a User Account

513

(1)

Group Manager

514

(2)

Serial Port Manager

516

(3)

Print Client Software

519

(1)

The Print Server

520

(1)

The Print Client

520

(1)

Processing a Print Request

521

(1)

Printer Manager

521

(1)

Installing a Printer

522

(4)

Modifying a Printer

526

(1)

Deleting a Printer

526

(1)

Database Manager

527

(3)

Storage Manager

530

(3)

Summary

533

(1)

Administration and Configuration of the CDE

534

(20)

The Login Manager

535

(3)

Starting the Login Server

536

(1)

Stopping the Login Server

537

(1)

Displaying a Login Screen on a Local Display

537

(1)

The Session Manager

538

(7)

Sourcing the $HOME/.dtprofile Script

539

(1)

Sourcing the Xsession.d Scripts

540

(1)

Customizing the Welcome Message

540

(1)

Setting Desktop Search Paths

540

(1)

Modifying a Search Path

541

(1)

Gathering Available Applications

541

(1)

Sourcing a User .profile or .login file

541

(1)

Starting the ToolTalk Messaging Daemon

542

(1)

Loading Session Resources

542

(1)

Starting the Color Server

542

(1)

Starting the Workspace Manager

543

(1)

Changing the Number of Workspaces on a Syste-Wide Basis

543

(1)

Providing System-Wide Workspace Names

544

(1)

Starting the Session Applications

544

(1)

The Front Panel

545

(4)

Customizing Workspaces

546

(1)

Customizing Workspace Controls

547

(1)

Customizing the Front Panel Switch Area

547

(1)

Adding an Application or Other Icon to a Subpanel

548

(1)

Resetting All User Customizations

548

(1)

Actions and Data Types

549

(1)

The Application Manager

550

(2)

The dtksh Shell

552

(1)

Summary

553

(1)

SECTION III APPENDIXES

554

(40)

Appendix A The History of UNIX

556

(8)

How It All Began

557

(1)

1965-1969

557

(1)

1970-1972

558

(1)

1973-1979

558

(1)

1982-1983

559

(1)

1984-1987

560

(1)

1988-1992

560

(1)

1993

561

(1)

Into 2000

562

(1)

Solaris

562

(1)

Milestones in the Development of UNIX

563

(1)

Appendix B The Fundamentals of Client/Server Computing

564

(4)

The First UNIX Server

565

(1)

An OS Designed for Speed

565

(1)

The Birth of the Workstation

565

(1)

Distributed Computing

566

(1)

UNIX Administration in a Mainframe Environment

567

(1)

Appendix C Overview of SCSI Devices

568

(6)

Appendix D On the Web

574

(4)

Newsgroups

575

(1)

Web Sites

575

(1)

UNIX-Related Publications Available on the Web

576

(2)

Appendix E Web Start

578

(16)

Minimum System Requirements for Solaris Web Start

579

(1)

Modes of Operation

580

(1)

Local Mode

580

(1)

Client/Server Mode

580

(6)

Web Start Default Installation Selection

586

(1)

Limitations of the Default Installation

587

(1)

Web Start Custom Installation

587

(4)

When to Lay Out File Systems Manually

591

(1)

Helpful Web Start Information

592

(2)

Index

594

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Solaris 7 Administrator Certification: Training Guide

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials