Trading Tastes Commodity and Cultural

Trade and commerce have been primary forces in the dynamics of world history since before the dawn of agriculture. For better and for worse, trade has been a major factor in the exchange of foreign products, ideas, belief systems, modes of artistic expression, and even flora and fauna.

FOREWORD

x

SERIES EDITOR'S PREFACE

xii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

xv

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

xvii

INTRODUCTION

1

(22)

Trade

1

(1)

Why Trade?

2

(3)

Merchants

5

(3)

Trade and Commerce

8

(5)

Periodization

11

(1)

Trade Systems

12

(1)

Why Spice?

13

(2)

Why Salt?

15

(3)

Why Sugar?

18

(2)

Why Silk?

20

(2)

Connected Commodities

22

(1)

1 THE SPICE TRADE

23

(32)

The Spice Paradox

23

(5)

Pepper

24

(2)

Cloves

26

(1)

Nutmeg

27

(1)

Cinnamon

27

(1)

The First Global Foods

28

(1)

The Spice Trade in Classical Times

28

(2)

The Spice Trade and Cross-cultural Interaction in the Classical Period

30

(5)

Romans in India

31

(1)

The Indianization of Southeast Asia

32

(3)

The Spice Trade in the Age of Islam

35

(2)

Cross-cultural Interaction in the Age of Islam

37

(2)

Europeans in the Indian Ocean

39

(16)

2 THE SALT TRADE

55

(29)

Introduction: China and West Africa

55

(1)

Salt in China

56

(1)

Chinese Salt Production

57

(3)

Salt and Governmental Power

60

(4)

Consequences of the Salt Monopoly

64

(1)

Salt in West Africa

64

(11)

West Africa's Sources of Salt

65

(3)

The Structure of the Trade

68

(2)

Salt and Cultural Change in the Savannahs

70

(3)

New Sources of Salt

73

(2)

Conclusions: Salt and Culture in China and West Africa

75

(9)

3 SUGAR AND SLAVERY

84

(28)

Sugar Cane and Sweet Foods

84

(4)

The Origins of the Plantation Complex

88

(6)

Sugar in the New World

94

(3)

Slavery and Sugar

97

(5)

Conclusion

102

(10)

4 THE SILK TRADE

112

(28)

Silk Production

112

(4)

Silk in China

116

(6)

Origins of the Silk Road

122

(3)

Roman Silk

125

(2)

Silk Production Outside of China

127

(13)

Silk and the Salvation Religions

128

(12)

5 MAKING CONNECTIONS: HOW MUCH HAVE THINGS CHANGED?

140

(12)

Commerce Circa 1750

140

(12)

A Final Question

142

(1)

Modernity

142

(2)

The Age of Industry

144

(3)

A Twentieth-Century Turning Point?

147

(1)

The Age of the Shipping Container

147

(4)

Contemporary Information Technology

151

(1)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

152

(5)

INDEX

157

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Trading Tastes Commodity and Cultural Exchange to 1750

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