Voices of America Past and Present, Volume I

This collection of primary sources includes both classic and lesser-known documents describing the rich mosaic of American life from the pre-contact era to the present day. The sources, both public and private documents-ranging from letters, diary excerpts, stories, novels, to speeches, court cases, and government reports-tell the story of American history in the words of those who lived it.

Preface

vii

New World Encounters

1

(18)

Christopher Columbus, Letter to Luis de Sant' Angel (1493)

3

(4)

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, ``Indians of the Rio Grande'' (1528--1536)

7

(3)

Bartholome de Las Casas, ``Of the Island of Hispaniola'' (1542)

10

(2)

Jacques Marquette, from The Mississippi Voyage of Joliet and Marquette (1673)

12

(3)

Thomas Mun, from England's Treasure by Foreign Trade (1664)

15

(4)

Conflicting Visions: England's Seventeenth-Century Colonies

19

(14)

John Smith, ``The Starving Time'' (1624)

21

(2)

The Laws of Virginia (1610--1611)

23

(3)

John Winthrop, ``A Model of Christian Charity'' (1630)

26

(3)

Excerpt from the Trial of Anne Hutchinson (1637)

29

(4)

Putting Down Roots: Opportunity and Oppression in Colonial Society

33

(20)

Bacon's Rebellion: The Declaration (1676)

35

(3)

William Bull, Report on the Stono Rebellion (1739)

38

(2)

Gottlieb Mittelherger, The Passage of Indentured Servants (1750)

40

(3)

Elizabeth Sprigs, Letter to Her Father (1756)

43

(2)

Olaudah Equiano, The Middle Passage (1788)

45

(3)

Alexander Falconbridge, The African Slave Trade (1788)

48

(5)

Experience of Empire: Eighteenth-Century America

53

(12)

William Byrd II, Diary (1709)

54

(2)

Michel-Guillaume-Jean de Crevecouer, from Letters from an American Farmer (1782)

56

(2)

Benjamin Franklin, ``Upon Hearing George Whitefield Preach'' (1771)

58

(2)

Jonathan Edwards, from ``Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God'' (1741)

60

(2)

James Oglethorpe, Establishing the Colony of Georgia (1733)

62

(3)

The American Revolution: From Gentry Protest to Popular Revolt, 1763--1783

65

(10)

John Dickinson, from Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (1768)

66

(2)

Address of the Inhabitants of Anson County to Governor Martin (1774)

68

(2)

Patrick Henry, ``Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death'' (1775)

70

(5)

The Republican Experiment

75

(20)

George Washington, The Newburg Address (1783)

77

(3)

Publius (James Madison), Federalist Paper #10 (1788)

80

(3)

George Mason, ``Objections to This Constitution of Government'' (1787)

83

(2)

``Petition for Access to Education'' (1787)

85

(2)

Molly Wallace, Valedictory Oration (1792)

87

(2)

Judith Sargent Murray, ``On the Equality of the Sexes'' (1790)

89

(2)

Benjamin Banneker, Letter to Thomas Jefferson (1791)

91

(4)

Democracy in Distress: The Violence of Party Politics, 1788--1800

95

(8)

George Washington, Farewell Address (1796)

96

(3)

The Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)

99

(4)

Republican Ascendancy: The Jeffersonian Vision

103

(10)

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

105

(2)

Meriwether Lewis, Journal (1805)

107

(3)

Tecumseh, Letter to Governor William Henry Harrison (1810)

110

(3)

Nation Building and Nationalism

113

(8)

The Harbinger, Female Workers of Lowell (1836)

114

(3)

Mary Paul, Letters Home (1845, 1846)

117

(4)

The Triumph of White Men's Democracy

121

(14)

Andrew Jackson, First Annual Message to Congress (1829)

123

(2)

``Memorial of the Cherokee Nation'' (1830)

125

(2)

Henry Clay, Speech Opposing President Jackson's Veto of the Bank Bill (1832)

127

(3)

Davy Crockett, Advice to Politicians (1833)

130

(2)

Jose Maria Sanchez, from ``A Trip to Texas'' (1828)

132

(3)

Slaves and Masters

135

(12)

Nat Turner, Confession (1831)

136

(2)

Benjamin Drew, Narratives of Escaped Slaves (1855)

138

(3)

George Fitzhugh, ``The Blessings of Slavery'' (1857)

141

(6)

The Pursuit of Perfection

147

(16)

Charles Finney, ``Religious Revival'' (1835)

149

(3)

Nathaniel Hawthorne, A Letter from Brook Farm (1841)

152

(2)

Dorothea Dix, Appeal on Behalf of the Insane (1843)

154

(2)

William Lloyd Garrison, from The Liberator (1831)

156

(2)

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Declaration of Sentiments (1848)

158

(5)

An Age of Expansionism

163

(18)

John L. O'Sullivan, ``The Great Nation of Futurity'' (1845)

165

(3)

Thomas Corwin, Against the Mexican War (1847)

168

(3)

Henry David Thoreau, from ``Civil Disobedience'' (1849)

171

(3)

Elizabeth Dixon Smith Greer, Journal (1847--1850)

174

(2)

Chief Seattle, Oration (1854)

176

(5)

The Sectional Crisis

181

(16)

Harriet Beecher Stowe, from Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)

183

(2)

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

185

(2)

Frederick Douglass, Independence Day Speech (1852)

187

(3)

The Ostend Manifesto (1854)

190

(3)

John Brown, Address to the Virginia Court (1859)

193

(4)

Secession and the Civil War

197

(16)

James Henry Gooding, Letter to President Lincoln (1863)

199

(2)

Jefferson Davis, Second Inaugural Address as President of the Confederate States of America (1862)

201

(3)

Clara Barton, Medical Life at the Battlefield (1862)

204

(3)

Theodore A. Dodge, from Civil War Diary (1863)

207

(3)

Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address (1863)

210

(3)

The Agony of Reconstruction

213

(21)

Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address (1865)

215

(2)

Mississippi Black Codes (1865)

217

(3)

A Sharecrop Contract (1882)

220

(3)

Civil Rights Cases (1883)

223

(3)

Congressional Testimony on the Actions of the Ku Klux Klan (1872)

226

(4)

Henry Grady, ``Speech on the New South'' (1886)

230

(4)

Credits

234

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Voices of America Past and Present, Volume I

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials