WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation

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ISBN: 9780123750358 | 0123750350
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 5/13/2010

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WAIS-IV is the most widely used intelligence test for adults in the world. Substantive changes were made to the WAIS-IV from the WAIS-III leaving clinicians with questions as to how to use and interpret the measure effectively. This guide to the WAIS-IV is written to help clinical practitioners achieve efficient and accurate interpretations of test results. This guide is based on data obtained while standardizing the test, and hence provides the most authoritative information for interpreting results, diagnostic validity, demographically corrected norms, and accuracy of the tests in measuring intelligence and memory.

List of contributors	p. xi
Foreword	p. xiii
Preface	p. xxiii
The WAIS-IV: Development and Foundations
WAIS-IV: Advanced in the Assessment of Intelligence
Introduction	p. 3
Wechsler's theory of intelligence: past and present	p. 4
Structure and content of the WAIS-IV	p. 7
Subtest descriptions	p. 7
Score descriptions	p. 11
WAIS-III to WAIS-IV: what's new?	p. 12
Changes to structure and content	p. 12
Other changes	p. 18
Conclusion	p. 19
References	p. 20
Practical Issues in WAIS-IV Administration and Scoring
Introduction	p. 25
Administration and scoring considerations	p. 26
Verbal Comprehension scale	p. 26
Perceptual Reasoning scale	p. 29
Working Memory scale	p. 34
Processing Speed scale	p. 38
Key prompts	p. 42
Frequently asked administration and scoring questions	p. 42
Conclusion	p. 50
Appendix: What WAIS-III users should know about WAIS-IV	p. 51
References	p. 59
Theoretical, Empirical and Clinical Foundations of the WAIS-IV Index Scores
Introduction	p. 61
The WAIS-IV index scores	p. 63
Verbal Comprehension Index	p. 63
Perceptual Reasoning Index	p. 65
Working Memory Index	p. 68
Processing Speed Index (PSI)	p. 72
Toward a dynamic model of intellectual abilities	p. 75
Analyzing differences among index scores	p. 79
The WAIS-IV Composite Scores	p. 79
General Ability Index (GAI)	p. 80
Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI)	p. 81
Issues in estimating overall ability	p. 88
Summary and Comment	p. 90
References	p. 91
The WAIS-IV: Clinical Use and Interpretation in Context
WAIS-IV Use in Societal Context
Introduction	p. 97
Bias issues in intellectual assessment	p. 98
Demographic differences in various areas of life	p. 102
Racial/ethnic group disparities in education	p. 103
Racial/ethnic group disparities in mental health status	p. 105
Racial/ethnic group disparities in physical health status	p. 107
Racial/ethnic group disparities in income	p. 109
Implications of demographic differences in various areas of life	p. 110
The role of cognitive stimulation in intellectual development	p. 112
Home environment influences on cognitive development	p. 114
The role of the person in the development and maintenance of cognitive abilities	p. 116
Patterns of IQ and Index score differences across racial/ethnic groups	p. 118
SES mediators of FSIQ differences between culturally diverse groups	p. 124
Are there individual mediators of intelligence that are universal?	p. 130
Summary	p. 135
References	p. 136
The Flynn Effect and the Wechsler Scales
Introduction	p. 141
Variability of the Flynn effect	p. 142
What causes the Flynn effect?	p. 143
Current research	p. 146
Research method	p. 147
Samples	p. 147
Analysis	p. 149
Results	p. 152
FSIQ change by ability	p. 152
FSIQ change by gender, education, and age	p. 154
CPI change by ability and demographics	p. 155
Score change in the DAS and the Bayley	p. 158
Discussion	p. 160
The Flynn effect and test construct	p. 161
Is IQ change due to population change?	p. 162
Conclusion	p. 163
References	p. 164
WAIS-IV Use in Neuropsychological Assessment
Introduction	p. 167
From WAIS-III to WAIS-IV	p. 169
Changes to the WAIS-IV	p. 170
Comparability of WAIS-IV and WAIS-III	p. 172
Implications of changes in WAIS-IV for neuropsychological applications	p. 173
Neuropsychological interpretation of the WAIS-IV	p. 173
Clinical analysis of WAIS-IV scores	p. 174
Test-retest reliability	p. 176
Initial validity studies of WAIS-IV	p. 177
Supplemental analyses of clinical scales	p. 178
Intellectual giftedness and disability	p. 178
Traumatic brain injury	p. 180
Mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease	p. 181
Major depression	p. 183
Summary	p. 185
Future research	p. 185
References	p. 186
The Wechsler Intelligence Scales in the Assessment of Psychopathology
Historical introduction	p. 189
Factor analytic studies	p. 192
Schizophrenia	p. 193
Factor analytic studies	p. 196
The schizophrenia spectrum	p. 198
Autism	p. 200
Factor analytic studies	p. 202
Traumatic brain injury	p. 204
Cluster and factor analytic studies	p. 207
Summary	p. 211
References	p. 212
Do the WAIS-IV Tests Measure the Same Aspects of Cognitive Functioning in Adults Under and Over Age 65?
Introduction	p. 217
Comparisons of level of performance	p. 219
Reliability	p. 226
Correlations among variables	p. 226
Correlations with other variables	p. 230
Discussion	p. 232
References	p. 234
Using WAIS-IV with WMS-IV
Introduction	p. 237
Overview of WMS-IV	p. 237
Brief history of the Wechsler Memory scale	p. 237
WMS-IV structure	p. 239
Interpretation	p. 241
Combining WAIS-IV/WMS-IV scores	p. 265
Methods for comparing scores	p. 265
WAIS-IV versus WMS-IV comparisons	p. 267
Case studies	p. 269
Probable dementia of the Alzheimer's type - mild severity	p. 269
Mild cognitive impairment	p. 272
Traumatic brain injury	p. 276
Left temporal epilepsy	p. 279
References	p. 283
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WAIS-IV Clinical Use and Interpretation

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