Web Design in a Nutshell

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ISBN: 9780596009878 | 0596009879
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 4/30/2006

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Web Design in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition contains the nitty- gritty on everything readers need to know to design web pages. It's the good stuff, without the fluff, written and organised so that answers can be found quickly. This completely revised and expanded edition is chock-full of information about the wide range of front-end technologies and techniques from which web designers and authors must draw. It is an excellent reference for HTML tags with special attention given to browser support, platform idiosyncrasies, and standards. This update stresses the importance of creating pages the 'right' way. It includes more content on the integration of XHTML and a new section with expanded information on Cascading Style Sheets. All chapters are updated to reflect the current technologies. This book is an indispensable tool for web designers and authors of all levels.

Foreword

Contributors

xvii

Technical Reviewers

xix

Preface

xxi

Part I. The Web Environment

1. Web Standards

(9)

What Are Standards?

(3)

Current Web Standards

(3)

Standards-Driven Design

(2)

For Further Reading

(1)

2. Designing for a Variety of Browsers

(15)

Browser History

(2)

Browser Roll-Call

(5)

Gathering Usage Statistics

(1)

Learning from Browser Statistics

(2)

Dealing with Browser Differences

(3)

Know Your Audience

(1)

Test!

(2)

3. Designing for a Variety of Displays

(15)

Designing for Unknown Monitor Resolutions

(2)

Fixed Versus Liquid Web Pages

(7)

Designing "Above the Fold"

(1)

Mobile Devices

(5)

4. A Beginner's Guide to the Server

(14)

Servers 101

(4)

Unix Directory Structures

(4)

File Naming Conventions

(1)

Uploading Documents (FTP)

(3)

File (MIME) Types

(3)

5. Accessibility

(16)

Types of Disabilities

(1)

Overview of Assistive Technology

(2)

Who Is Responsible for Accessibility?

(1)

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

(4)

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG 2.0)

(1)

Standards Variations and Section 508

(1)

Web Accessibility Techniques

(3)

Testing for Accessibility

(4)

6. Internationalization

(17)

Character Sets and Encoding

(5)

Character References

(2)

Language Features

(4)

Style Sheets Language Features

(1)

For Further Reading

(4)

Part II. The Structural Layer: XML and (X)HTML

7. Introduction to XML

(24)

XML Basics

(1)

How It Works

(2)

XML Document Syntax

(3)

Well-Formed XML

(1)

Document Type Definition (DTD)

(6)

XML Namespaces

103

(1)

XML on the Web

104

(1)

Web-Related XML Applications

105

(7)

Where to Learn More

112

(1)

8. HTML and XHTML Overview

113

(17)

The Role of HTML

114

(1)

Markup Basics

115

(4)

Introduction to XHTML

119

(3)

Which Standard Is Right for You?

122

(1)

Well-Formed XHTML

123

(3)

Web Authoring Tools

126

(2)

Good Authoring Practices

128

(2)

9. Document Structure

130

(14)

Minimal Document Structure

130

(2)

Document Type Declaration

132

(3)

The Root Element

135

(1)

The Document Header

136

(6)

The Document Body

142

(2)

10. Text Elements

144

(25)

Choosing Text Elements

145

(1)

The Building Blocks of Content

146

(3)

Inline Elements

149

(3)

Deleted and Inserted Text

152

(1)

Generic Elements (div and span)

153

(3)

Lists

156

(5)

Presentational Elements

161

(6)

Character Entity References

167

(2)

11. Creating Links

169

(9)

Simple Hypertext Links

169

(2)

Linking Within a Document

171

(2)

Targeting Windows

173

(1)

Alternative Protocols

173

(2)

Linking Documents with link

175

(3)

12. Images and Objects

178

(27)

Inline Images

178

(8)

Image Maps

186

(6)

Embedded Media

192

(9)

Java Applets

201

(2)

Inline (Floating) Frames

203

(2)

13. Tables

205

(27)

Table Uses

206

(1)

Basic Table Structure

207

(6)

Row Groups

213

(1)

Columns and Column Groups

214

(2)

Table Presentation

216

(4)

Accessible Tables

220

(6)

Responsible Layout Tables

226

(6)

14. Frames

232

(15)

Introduction to Frames

232

(2)

Basic Frameset Structure

234

(5)

Frame Function and Appearance

239

(2)

Targeting Frames

241

(3)

Frame Design Tips and Tricks

244

(3)

15. Forms

247

(26)

The Basic Form Element

248

(2)

Form Controls

250

(13)

Accessibility Features

263

(4)

disabled and readonly

267

(1)

Affecting Form Appearance

267

(6)

Part III. The Presentation Layer: Cascading Style Sheets

16. Cascading Style Sheets Fundamentals

273

(24)

CSS in a Nutshell

273

(1)

The Benefits of CSS

274

(1)

How CSS Works

275

(1)

Rule Syntax

275

(3)

Adding Styles to a Document

278

(5)

Key Concepts

283

(8)

Specifying Values

291

(2)

Browser Support

293

(1)

For Further Reading

294

(3)

17. Selectors

297

(10)

Type (Element) Selector

297

(1)

Contextual Selectors

298

(1)

Class and ID Selectors

299

(2)

Attribute Selectors

301

(1)

Pseudoselectors

302

(5)

18. Font and Text Properties

307

(30)

Typography on the Web

307

(3)

Font Family

310

(2)

Font Size

312

(6)

Other Font Settings

318

(4)

Text Transformation (Capitalization)

322

(1)

Text Decoration

323

(2)

Line Height

325

(2)

Text Alignment Properties

327

(5)

Text Spacing

332

(3)

Text Direction

335

(2)

19. Basic Box Properties

337

(18)

The Box Model, Revisited

338

(3)

Width and Height

341

(3)

Margins

344

(3)

Borders

347

(5)

Padding

352

(3)

20. Color and Backgrounds

355

(13)

Foreground Color

355

(2)

Background Color

357

(1)

Background Images

358

(10)

21. Floating and Positioning

368

(24)

Normal Flow

368

(1)

Floating

369

(6)

Positioning Basics

375

(10)

Absolute Positioning

385

(4)

Fixed Positioning

389

(1)

Relative Positioning

390

(2)

22. CSS for Tables

392

(14)

The Essence of Tables

392

(4)

Styling Tables

396

(2)

Borders

398

(3)

Table Layout (Width and Height)

401

(2)

Table Display Values

403

(3)

23. Lists and Generated Content

406

(13)

CSS for Lists

406

(6)

Generated Content

412

(7)

24. CSS Techniques

419

(29)

Centering a Page

419

(2)

Two-Column Layouts

421

(3)

Three-Column Layouts

424

(8)

Boxes with Rounded Corners

432

(4)

Image Replacement

436

(4)

CSS Rollovers

440

(3)

List-Based Navigation Bars

443

(3)

CSS Techniques Resources

446

(2)

25. Managing Browser Bugs: Workarounds, Hacks, and Filters

448

(17)

Working with "Troubled" Browsers

448

(1)

The Browsers

449

(10)

Hack and Workaround Management 101

459

(6)

Part IV. The Behavioral Layer: JavaScript and the DOM

26. Introduction to JavaScript

465

(23)

A Little Background

465

(1)

Using JavaScript

466

(2)

JavaScript Syntax

468

(16)

Event Handling

484

(2)

The Browser Object

486

(1)

Where to Learn More

487

(1)

27. DOM Scripting

488

(27)

A Sordid Past

488

(1)

Out of the Dark Ages

489

(1)

The DOM

489

(2)

Manipulating Documents with the DOM

491

(10)

Working with Style

501

(1)

DOM Scripting in Action

502

(5)

Supplement: Getting Started with Ajax

507

(8)

Part V. Web Graphics

28. Web Graphics Overview

515

(14)

Web Graphic File Formats

515

(2)

Image Resolution

517

(2)

Color on the Web

519

(5)

Web Graphics Production Tips

524

(5)

29. GIF Format

529

(15)

8-Bit Indexed Color

530

(1)

LZW Compression

531

(2)

Interlacing

533

(1)

Transparency

534

(2)

Minimizing GIF File Sizes

536

(5)

Designing GIFs with the Web Palette

541

(3)

30. JPEG Format

544

(8)

24-Bit Color

544

(1)

JPEG Compression

545

(2)

Progressive JPEGs

547

(1)

Creating JPEGs

548

(1)

Minimizing JPEG File Size

548

(4)

31. PNG Format

552

(12)

When to Use PNGs

552

(2)

PNG Features

554

(4)

Platform/Browser Support

558

(1)

Creating PNG Files

559

(2)

PNG Optimization Strategies

561

(2)

For Further Reading

563

(1)

32. Animated GIFs

564

(11)

How They Work

564

(1)

Using Animated GIFs

565

(1)

Tools

565

(1)

Creating Animated GIFs

566

(4)

Optimizing Animated GIFs

570

(5)

Part VI. Media

33. Audio on the Web

575

(20)

Basic Digital Audio Concepts

575

(2)

Using Existing Audio

577

(1)

Preparing Your Own Audio

578

(3)

Streaming Audio

581

(2)

Audio Formats

583

(7)

Choosing an Audio Format

590

(1)

Adding Audio to a Web Page

590

(5)

34. Video on the Web

595

(14)

Basic Digital Video Concepts

595

(1)

Compression

596

(2)

Video File Formats

598

(5)

Adding Video to an HTML Document

603

(6)

35. The Flash Platform

609

(17)

Using Flash on Web Pages

610

(2)

Creating Flash Movies

612

(3)

ActionScript

615

(1)

Adding Flash to a Web Page

616

(6)

Integrating Flash with Other Technologies

622

(1)

The Flash Player

623

(2)

Flash Resources

625

(1)

36. Printing from the Web

626

(15)

Browser Print Mechanisms

626

(1)

Cascading Style Sheets for Print

627

(7)

Portable Document Format (PDF)

634

(3)

Flash Printing

637

Part VII. Appendixes

A. HTML Elements and Attributes

641

(43)

B. CSS 2.1 Properties

684

(38)

C. Character Entities

722

(11)

D. Specifying Color

733

(9)

E. Microformats: Extending (X)HTML

742

(5)

Glossary

747

(10)

Index

757

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Web Design in a Nutshell

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Jennifer Niederst Robbins