The Rebirth of Environmentalism

Over the past two decades, a select group of small but highly effective grassroots organizations have achieved remarkable success in protecting endangered species and forests in the United States.The Rebirth of Environmentalismtells for the first time the story of these grassroots biodiversity groups. Author Douglas Bevington offers engaging case studies of three of the most influential biodiversity protection campaignsthe Headwaters Forest campaign, the "zero cut" campaign on national forests, and the endangered species litigation campaign exemplified by the Center for Biological Diversityproviding the reader with an in-depth understanding of the experience of being involved in grassroots activism. Based on first-person interviews with key activists in these campaigns, the author explores the role of tactics, strategy, funding, organization, movement culture, and political conditions in shaping the influence of the groups. He also examines the challenging relationship between radicals and moderate groups within the environmental movement, and addresses how grassroots organizations were able to overcome constraints that had limited the advocacy of other environmental organizations. Filled with inspiring stories of activists, groups, and campaigns that most readers will not have encountered before,The Rebirth of Environmentalismexplores how grassroots biodiversity groups have had such a big impact despite their scant resources, and presents valuable lessons that can help the environmental movement as a wholeas well as other social movementsbecome more effective.

Douglas Bevington is the forest program director for Environment Now, a grantmaking foundation based in California. He received his PhD in sociology from the University of California, Santa Cruz, where he taught courses on social movement studies.

Preface and Acknowledgments	p. xi
The Rise of Grassroots Biodiversity Activism and the Rebirth of Environmentalism	p. 1
Grassroots Biodiversity Groups and the U.S. Environmental Movement	p. 2
Three Grassroots Biodiversity Protection Campaigns	p. 6
Elements of Success	p. 8
The Death of Environmentalism or the Rebirth of Environmentalism?	p. 12
Origins of the Grassroots Biodiversity Groups	p. 15
Origins of the Modern Environmental Movement	p. 16
National Environmental Organizations	p. 21
Earth First!	p. 27
Grassroots Biodiversity Groups	p. 34
Never Mind the Nationals: The Headwaters Forest Campaign	p. 41
Redwoods, Earth First!, and the Origins of the Headwaters Forest Campaign	p. 42
EPIC, the Sierra Club, and Litigation	p. 46
Forests Forever and the Grand Accord	p. 49
Focus on Headwaters Forest	p. 51
New Organizations and Tactics	p. 55
The September 15th Rally of 1995	p. 58
The Headwaters Forest Coordinating Committee	p. 60
The September 15th Rally of 1996 and the Deal	p. 62
Funding Issues	p. 66
Divisions over the Deal	p. 69
Organizing Challenges in the Wake of the Deal Announcement	p. 74
Increasing Repression: Pepper Spray and the Death of David ôGypsyö Chain	p. 76
New Allies: Salmon Protection, Rural Communities, and Steelworkers	p. 78
The Culmination of the Deal	p. 80
Was the Headwaters Deal a Victory?	p. 83
After the Deal	p. 91
The Legacy of the Headwaters Campaign	p. 103
Transforming a National: The John Muir Sierrans and the zero-cut campaign	p. 111
Old-Growth Forests and the Northern Spotted Owl	p. 114
Origins of Zero Cue: Protect Our Woods and Heartwood	p. 123
Growth of Zero Cut: The Native Forest Council	p. 126
Reforming the Sierra Club: Origins of the John Muir Sierrans	p. 128
The Salvage Rider	p. 131
Chad Hanson and the Second Ballot Initiative	p. 134
John Muir Project and the National Forest Protection and Restoration Act	p. 138
The Sierra Club Board of Directors	p. 142
Beyond the Sierra Club: Timber Sale Litigation and the National Forest Protection Allian	p. 145
The Roadless Rule and the Heritage Forests Campaign	p. 148
Fire and Funding during the George W. Bush Years	p. 150
Achieving More by Being Bold	p. 155
Becoming a National: The Center for Biological Diversity and Endangered Species Litigation	p. 161
The Endangered Species Act	p. 162
Jasper Carlton and the Earth First! Biodiversity Project	p. 168
Origins of the Center for Biological Diversity	p. 173
The Mexican Spotted Owl Injunction	p. 176
Applying the ESA to New Issues	p. 180
Early Organizational Growth	p. 183
Relationship to the Nationals: The Endangered Species Coalition and ESA Reauthorization	p. 185
Relationship to the Clinton Administration: Struggles over Listings and Critical Habitat	p. 191
Expanding beyond the Southwest	p. 198
Continued Growth amid the George W. Bush Years	p. 202
Becoming a National: Getting It Right by Doing It Wrong	p. 206
Boldness Has Genius: The Lessons of Grassroots Biodiversity Activism for the Campaign against Global Warming	p. 215
Achieving Success by Avoiding Constraints	p. 215
Rethinking the Relationship between the Grassroots and the Nationals	p. 224
Grassroots Activism and Global Warming	p. 232
Afterword: Arrival of the Obama Administration	p. 239
Appendix: Origins of Four Biodiversity Protection Laws	p. 241
Chapter Notes	p. 245
Glossary of Acronyms	p. 265
Bibliography	p. 267
Index	p. 275
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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The Rebirth of Environmentalism

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Author Biography

Table of Contents

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