Buddhist Religions A Historical Introduction

, by Robinson, Richard H.; Johnson, Willard L.; Bhikkhu, Thanissaro

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ISBN: 9780534558581 | 0534558585
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/30/2004

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This historical introduction to Buddhism presents students with an engaging exploration of the diversity of thoughts and practices of a wide segment of followers of the Buddha. It covers five main aspects of Buddhism: ritual, devotionalism, doctrine, meditation, practice, and institutional history.

PREFACE

xiv

MAP: THE WORLD OF BUDDHISM

xvi

ABBREVIATIONS

xviii

INTRODUCTION

xix

1 THE BUDDHA'S AWAKENING

(21)

1.1 The Social and Religious Context of Early Buddhism

(2)

1.2 Issues in Early North Indian Thought

(1)

1.3 The Quest for Awakening

(7)

1.3.1 The Birth and Youth of the Bodhisattva

(1)

1.3.2 The Great Renunciation

(2)

1.3.3 The Bodhisattva's Studies and Austerities

(1)

1.3.4 Temptation by Mara

(1)

1.3.5 The Awakening

(2)

1.4 The Lessons of Awakening

(11)

1.4.1 The Regularity of Phenomena

(8)

1.4.2 Nirvana

(1)

1.4.3 The Awakening as Paradigm

(2)

2 THE BUDDHA AS TEACHER AND POWER FIGURE

(21)

2.1 The Response to the Awakened One

(2)

2.2 The Buddha Begins Teaching

(3)

2.2.1 The First Encounter

(1)

2.2.2 Setting the Wheel of Dharma in Motion

(2)

2.3 An Analysis of the First Discourse

(5)

2.3.1 The Four Noble Truths

(4)

2.3.2 The Stages ofAwakening

(1)

2.4 The Spread of the Religion

(3)

2.4.1 Taking Refuge

(1)

2.4.2 The Development of the Sangha

(2)

2.5 The Middle Years

(2)

2.6 The Last Days and Beyond

(6)

2.6.1 Buddhist Devotionalism

(1)

2.6.2 The Etiquette of Devotion

(3)

3 THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY INDIAN BUDDHISM

(32)

3.1 Sources

(2)

3.2 The Formation of the Canons

(4)

3.2.1 The Early Monastic Lineages

(2)

3.2.2 The Early Councils and the Attitude toward Sectarianism

(1)

3.3 Norms for Religious Life

(9)

3.3.1 The Code of Discipline for Monks

(2)

3.3.2 Communal Governance

(1)

3.3.3 The Life of the Monks

(2)

3.3.4 The Life of the Nuns

(2)

3.3.5 The Laity

(2)

3.4 Anoka

(4)

3.5 Abhidharma

(5)

3.5.1 The Lists (Matrka)

(2)

3.5.2 Points of Controversy: The Nature of the Individual

(1)

3.5.3 Points of Controversy: The Nature of Existence

(1)

3.6 Past-Life Narratives

(5)

3.6.1 Jatakas and the Perfections

(2)

3.6.2 Avadanas and the Buddha-Field

(2)

3.7 The Stupa Cult

(3)

4 THE PERIOD OF THE THREE VEHICLES

(24)

4.1 Social Background

(3)

4.2 The Cult of Maitreya

(2)

4.3 Monuments to the Triple Gem

(4)

4.3.1 Buddha and Bodhisattva Images

(2)

4.3.2 The Cult of the Book

(1)

4.3.3 The Topography of Sacred Narrative

(1)

4.4 The Search for the Mahayana

(7)

4.4.1 The Ugrapariprcchd

(1)

4.4.2 The Aksobhya-Vyuha

(1)

4.4.3 The Pe fection of Discernment in 8,000 Lines

(2)

4.4.4 The Bodhisattva Elites

(1)

4.5 Two Levels of Truth

(8)

4.5.1 Vaibhasikas and Sautrantikas

(2)

4.5.2 Nagarjuna

(5)

5 EARLY MEDIEVAL INDIAN BUDDHISM

(25)

5.1 Portraits of a Buddhist Empire

(4)

5.2 Mahayana Sutras

103

(13)

5.2.1 The Dasabhumika Sutra

104

(1)

5.2.2 The Sukhdvati-Vyuha Sutras

105

(1)

5.2.3 Issues in the Perfection of Discernment

106

(10)

5.3 Scholastic Philosophy

116

(8)

5.3.1 Vasubandhu and the Abhidharmakosa

118

(1)

5.3.2 Asariga and the Yogacara

119

(2)

5.3.3 Bhavaviveka and the Madhyamaka

121

(3)

6 BUDDHISM IN LATE MEDIEVAL AND MODERN INDIA

124

(19)

6.1 The Culture of Belligerence

124

(4)

6.2 Vajrayana

128

(10)

6.2.1 Tantras

129

(3)

6.2.2 Siddhas

132

(3)

6.2.3 Sahaja

135

(1)

6.2.4 The Vajra Cosmos

135

(3)

6.3 The Decimation of Indian Buddhism

138

(1)

6.4 Buddhism in Nepal

139

(2)

6.5 The Buddhist Revival

141

(2)

7 BUDDHISM IN SRI LANKA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA

143

(29)

7.1 The Economy of Merit

143

(3)

7.2 Buddhism in "Further India"

146

(4)

7.3 The Theravada Connection

150

(3)

7.4 The Colonial Period

153

(4)

7.4.1 Sri Lanka

154

(1)

7.4.2 Burma

155

(1)

7.4.3 Thailand

156

(1)

7.5 The Post-colonial Period

157

(15)

7.5.1 Buddhism in the Village

159

(7)

7.5.2 Buddhism in the Wilderness

166

(3)

7.5.3 Buddhism in the City

169

(3)

8 BUDDHISM IN CENTRAL ASIA AND CHINA

172

(47)

Central Asia

8.1 The Dharma Travels the Silk Road

172

(3)

China

8.2 A Grand Assimilation

175

(1)

8.3 Buddhism on the Fringes of Society

176

(2)

8.4 Buddhism Enters the Mainstream of Chinese Culture

178

(7)

8.4.1 Buddho-Taoism

180

(3)

8.4.2 The Rise of Buddhist Scholasticism

183

(2)

8.5 The Sui and T'ang Dynasties (581-907)

185

(19)

8.5.1 T'ien-t'ai

188

(4)

8.5.2 Hua-yen

192

(5)

8.5.3 Pure Land (Ching-te)

197

(2)

8.5.4 The Three-Level Sect (San-chieh-chiao)

199

(1)

8.5.5 Ch'an

200

(4)

8.6 The Sung Dynasty (970-1279)

204

(6)

8.6.1 Ch'an Politics

205

(2)

8.6.2 Ch'an Meditation

207

(2)

8.6.3 The Rise of Neo-Confucianism

209

(1)

8.7 The Religion of the Masses (1279-1949)

210

(5)

8.7.1 Religious Life: Devotional

211

(2)

8.7.2 Religious Life: Monastic

213

(1)

8.7.3 Religious Life: Lay

213

(2)

8.8 Modern Chinese Buddhism

215

(1)

8.9 A Buddhist Charitable Organization

216

(3)

9 BUDDHISM IN KOREA AND VIETNAM

219

(21)

9.1 A Focal Point for Unity and Differences

219

(1)

Korea

9.2 The Three Kingdoms Period (18 B.C.E.-688 C.E.)

220

(2)

9.3 The Unified Silla Dynasty (668-918)

222

(2)

9.3.1 Hwaom (Hua-yen)

223

(1)

9.3.2 Son (Ch'an)

223

(1)

9.4 The Koryo Dynasty (918-1392)

224

(3)

9.4.1 Uich'on

225

(1)

9.4.2 Chinul

225

(1)

9.4.3 T'aego

226

(1)

9.5 The Yi/Choson Dynasty (1392-1910)

227

(1)

9.6 Japanese Rule (1910-1945) and Its Aftermath

228

(1)

9.7 Buddhism in Modern Korea

229

(1)

9.8 Life in a Son Monastery

230

(4)

Vietnam

9.9 Two Streams of Buddhism Converge

234

(4)

9.10 The Modern Period

238

(2)

10 BUDDHISM IN JAPAN

240

(28)

10.1 The Cult of Charisma

240

(2)

10.2 The Importation of Korean Buddhism

242

(1)

10.3 The Importation of Chinese Buddhism

243

(2)

10.4 The Heian Period (804-1185)

245

(4)

10.5 The Kamakura Period (1185-1333)

249

(6)

10.5.1 Zen

249

(3)

10.5.2 Pure Land

252

(2)

10.5.3 Nichiren

254

(1)

10.6 The Muromachi Period (1336-1603)

255

(3)

10.7 The Tokugawa Period (1603-1868)

258

(2)

10.8 State Shinto in Control (1868-1945)

260

(2)

10.9 Modern Urban Buddhism

262

(2)

10.10 A Religion of Self-Empowerment

264

(4)

11 BUDDHISM IN THE TIBETAN CULTURAL AREA

268

(24)

11.1 A Vajrayana Orthodoxy

268

(1)

11.2 The Dharma Comes to Tibet

269

(8)

11.2.1 The First Propagation

270

(3)

11.2.2 The Second Propagation

273

(4)

11.3 The Period of Consolidation

277

(6)

11.3.1 Historical Issues

277

(1)

11.3.2 Texts

278

(1)

11.3.3 Doctrinal Systems

279

(2)

11.3.4 Politics

281

(2)

11.4 The Age of the Dalai Lamas

283

(3)

11.5 The Dynamics ofTibetan Ritual

286

(5)

11.6 A Tradition at the Crossroads

291

(1)

12 BUDDHISM COMES WEST

292

(20)

12.1 Europe's Early Contact with Buddhism

292

(1)

12.2 The Awakening Meets the Enlightenment

293

(13)

12.2.1 Buddhism and the Science of Humanity

294

(3)

12.2.2 The Appropriation of Buddhist Ideas

297

(2)

12.2.3 The Crisis of Cultural Relativism

299

(4)

12.2.4 Calls for Reform

303

(3)

12.3 The Varieties of Buddhism in North America

306

(6)

12.3.1 Parent Traditions

307

(1)

12.3.2 Modes of Transmission

307

(2)

12.3.3 Grafting onto American Roots

309

(3)

AN OVERVIEW OF THE THREE MAJOR CANONS

312

(4)

PRONUNCIATION GUIDE

316

(5)

GLOSSARY

321

(9)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

330

(11)

INDEX

341

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Buddhist Religions A Historical Introduction

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