Digital Lighting And Rendering

, by Birn, Jeremy

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ISBN: 9780321316318 | 0321316312
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 4/27/2006

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Summary

Author Biography

Supplemental Materials

The industry standard for digital lighting and rendering - updated and expanded!

Fundamentals of Lighting Design

(16)

Motivation

(3)

Off-Screen Space

(1)

Qualities of Light

(2)

Direct and Indirect Light

(1)

Cheating

(3)

Cheating in Live Action

(1)

Visual Goals of Lighting Design

(4)

Making Things Read

(1)

Making Things Believable

(1)

Enhancing Shaders and Effects

(1)

Maintaining Continuity

(1)

Directing the Viewer's Eye

(1)

Emotional Impact

(1)

Lighting Challenges

(2)

Your Workspace

(1)

Creative Control

(2)

Lighting Basics and Good Practices

(26)

Starting Points

(1)

Types of Lights

(10)

Point Lights

(1)

Spotlights

(3)

Directional Lights

(1)

Area Lights

(2)

Models Serving as Lights

(1)

Environment Spheres

(1)

Ambient Light

(2)

Controls and Options

(9)

Decay

(4)

Diffuse and Specular

(2)

Light Linking

(1)

(2)

Lighting in Production

(3)

When to Light

(1)

The Feedback Loop

(2)

Naming Lights

(1)

Managing Versions

(1)

Exercises

(2)

Shadows and Occlusion

(42)

The Visual Functions of Shadows

(5)

Defining Spatial Relationships

(1)

Revealing Alternate Angles

(1)

Enhancing Composition

(1)

Adding Contrast

(1)

Indicating Off-Screen Space

(1)

Integrating Elements

(1)

Which Lights Need Shadows?

(2)

Shadow Clutter

(1)

Secondary Shadows

(1)

Shadow Color

(2)

Testing Shadows

(1)

Shadow Size and Perspective

(2)

Shadow Algorithms

(10)

Depth Map Shadows

(7)

Raytraced Shadows

(3)

Hard and Soft Shadows

(8)

Hard and Soft Light

(1)

Soft Shadows with Depth Maps

(2)

Soft Raytraced Shadows

(3)

Occlusion

(4)

Ambient Occlusion

(1)

Occlusion in Global Illumination

(2)

Other Types of Occlusion

(1)

Faking Shadows

(6)

Negative Lights

(1)

Shadows-Only Lights

(2)

Shadow Objects

(1)

Baking Lighting

(2)

Conclusions

(1)

Exercises

(2)

Lighting Environments and Architecture

(40)

Daylight

(8)

Sunlight

(3)

Sky Light

(3)

Indirect Light

(2)

Night Scenes

(2)

Practical Lights

(3)

Lighting the Light

(1)

Set Lighting from Practical Lights

(2)

Lighting Windows

(2)

Simulating Indirect Light

101

(7)

Corners

105

(2)

Sourcy Lighting

107

(1)

Global Illumination

108

(12)

Conventional Radiosity

112

(1)

Photon Mapping

113

(2)

Final Gathering

115

(1)

Caustics

116

(4)

Ambient Occlusion

120

(3)

Exercises

123

(2)

Lighting Creatures, Characters, and Animation

125

(34)

Modeling with Light

126

(5)

Directionality

127

(1)

Definition

128

(3)

Three-Point Lighting

131

(3)

Variations

133

(1)

Tools, Not Rules

134

(1)

Functions of Lights

134

(12)

Key Lights

135

(1)

Fill Lights

136

(3)

Bounce Lights

139

(1)

Rim Lights

140

(4)

Kickers

144

(1)

Specular Lights

145

(1)

Issues in Lighting Character Animation

146

(11)

Test Frames

147

(1)

Linking Lights to Characters

147

(1)

Technology Changes

148

(2)

Subsurface Scattering

150

(3)

Lighting Hair

153

(1)

Lighting Eyes

154

(3)

Exercises

157

(2)

Cameras and Exposure

159

(26)

Understanding F-Stops and Depth of Field

160

(5)

Matching Real Lenses

162

(1)

The Two-Thirds Rule

163

(1)

Hyperfocal Distance

163

(1)

Bokeh Effects

164

(1)

Frame Rates

165

(1)

Realistic Motion Blur

165

(7)

Shutter Speed and Shutter Angle

165

(3)

The Comet Tail Myth

168

(1)

Blurring Rotations

169

(1)

Video Fields

170

(2)

Film Speed

172

(1)

Photographic Exposure

173

(4)

The Zone System

174

(1)

Histograms

175

(2)

Matching Lens Imperfections

177

(5)

Lens Distortion

177

(3)

Chromatic Aberration

180

(1)

Vignetting

180

(1)

Lens Flares and Halation

181

(1)

Exercises

182

(3)

Composition and Staging

185

(28)

Types of Shots

186

(5)

Shot Sizes

186

(2)

Z-Axis Blocking

188

(1)

POV Shots

188

(1)

The Two-Shot

189

(1)

The Over-the-Shoulder Shot

190

(1)

Camera Angles

191

(7)

The Line of Action

191

(1)

Perspective

192

(3)

High-Angle and Low-Angle Shots

195

(1)

Camera Moves

196

(2)

Improving Your Composition

198

(6)

The Rule of Thirds

199

(1)

Positive and Negative Space

200

(1)

Graphic Weight

201

(1)

Lines

202

(1)

Tangencies

203

(1)

Framing for Film and Video

204

(6)

Formats and Aspect Ratios

204

(1)

Film Formats

205

(3)

Adaptation to Television

208

(1)

Cropping and Overscan

209

(1)

Exercises

210

(3)

The Art and Science of Color

213

(34)

Color Mixing

214

(6)

Additive Color

214

(1)

Subtractive Color

215

(1)

Hue, Saturation, and Value Adjustments

216

(1)

When Light Color Meets Surface Color

217

(3)

Color Schemes

220

(9)

Color Contrast

221

(3)

Meanings of Colors

224

(3)

Color and Depth

227

(1)

Tinted Black-and-White Images

228

(1)

Color Balance

229

(8)

Color Temperature

231

(5)

Picking Colors from Pictures

236

(1)

Understanding RGB Color

237

(3)

Importance of Red, Green, and Blue

239

(1)

Digital Color

240

(5)

8-bit Color

240

(1)

16-bit Color

241

(1)

HDRI

241

(2)

Compact Data Formats

243

(2)

Exercises

245

(2)

Shaders and Rendering Algorithms

247

(36)

Shading Surfaces

248

(11)

Diffuse, Glossy, and Specular Reflection

248

(3)

Specular Highlights

251

(7)

BRDF and BSSRDF

258

(1)

Anti-Aliasing

259

(5)

Over-Sampling

259

(3)

Under-Sampling

262

(1)

Filtering

263

(1)

Rendering at Higher Resolutions

263

(1)

Raytracing

264

(10)

Raytracing Acceleration Structures

265

(1)

Raytraced Reflections

266

(3)

Shadows

269

(1)

Transparency and Refraction

270

(4)

Reyes Algorithms

274

(3)

The Renderman Interface Standard

275

(1)

Reyes and Raytracing

276

(1)

Z-Buffer Rendering

277

(1)

Scanline Rendering

277

(1)

GPU-Accelerated and Hardware Rendering

278

(2)

Hardware Rendering

278

(1)

GPU Acceleration

278

(1)

Interactive Previewing

279

(1)

Exercises

280

(3)

Designing and Assigning Textures

283

(52)

Types of Texture Mapping

284

(12)

Color Mapping

284

(2)

Specular Mapping

286

(1)

Incandescence Mapping

287

(1)

Transparency Mapping

288

(2)

Displacement Mapping

290

(1)

Bump Mapping

291

(2)

Normal Mapping

293

(2)

Polynomial Texture Mapping

295

(1)

Other Mapping Techniques

295

(1)

Photographic Textures

296

(3)

Shooting Tips

296

(3)

Flatbed Scans

299

(1)

Stylized Textures

299

(3)

Texture Map Resolution

302

(2)

Alignment Strategies

304

(20)

Tiling Maps

304

(6)

Decals

310

(3)

Projections

313

(4)

UV Coordinates

317

(4)

Texturing Poles

321

(2)

3D Paint Programs

323

(1)

Procedural Textures

324

(4)

Resolution Independence

324

(1)

3D Textures

324

(1)

Animation

325

(1)

Appearance

325

(1)

Baking Procedural Textures into Texture Maps

326

(2)

Looks Development

328

(4)

Painting in Layers

328

(1)

Color First

329

(1)

Displacement First

330

(2)

Exercises

332

(3)

Rendering Passes and Compositing

335

(42)

Rendering in Layers

336

(6)

Background Layers

337

(1)

Matte Objects

338

(1)

Effects Layers

339

(3)

Alpha Channel Issues

342

(5)

Compositing With Straight Alpha Channels

343

(2)

Compositing With Premultiplied Alpha Channels

345

(2)

Rendering in Passes

347

(19)

Diffuse Passes

348

(1)

Specular Passes

349

(1)

Reflection Passes

350

(3)

Shadow Passes

353

(5)

Ambient Passes

358

(1)

Occlusion Passes

359

(1)

Beauty Passes

360

(1)

Global Illumination Passes

361

(1)

Mask Passes

362

(1)

Depth Passes

363

(2)

Pass Management Features

365

(1)

Rendering Many Passes at Once

366

(1)

Lighting in the Composite

366

(3)

Rendering Lights as Separate Passes

367

(1)

Relighting Tools

368

(1)

Matching Live-Action Background Plates

369

(6)

Reference Balls and Light Probes

370

(3)

Other Approaches to Matching Lighting

373

(2)

Exercises

375

(2)

Production Pipelines and Professional Practices

377

(32)

Production Pipelines

378

(19)

Planning an Animated Feature

378

(1)

Story

378

(1)

Layout

379

(1)

Preparing for Visual Effects Shots

380

(1)

Previsualization

380

(1)

Match Move and Virtual Sets

381

(2)

Rotoscoping

383

(1)

Core Departments

384

(1)

Art Department

385

(1)

Modeling

386

(1)

Set Decorating

387

(1)

Technical Directors

388

(1)

Character Rigging

389

(1)

Character Animation

390

(1)

Effects

390

(1)

Shading

391

(1)

Texture Paint

392

(1)

Lighting

393

(1)

Compositing

394

(1)

Film I/O

395

(1)

Visualizing Production Pipelines

395

(2)

Getting Work Approved

397

(3)

Working with Clients

397

(1)

Setting Expectations

397

(1)

Dealing with Changes

398

(1)

Supervising Lighters

399

(1)

The Chain of Command

400

(1)

Getting a Job in 3D Lighting

400

(9)

A Lighting Showreel

401

(1)

Credits

402

(1)

Quality over Quantity

403

(1)

Starting Strong

403

(1)

Do I Need to Specialize?

404

(1)

Internal Promotion

405

(1)

Job Security

406

(1)

Advancing in Your Career

407

(2)

Index

409

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Digital Lighting And Rendering

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials