Fortran 95 Handbook Complete Iso/Ansi

The Fortran 95 Handbook, a comprehensive reference work for the Fortran programmer and implementor, contains a complete description of the Fortran 95 programming language. The chapters follow the same sequence of topics as the Fortran 95 standard, but contain a more thorough and informal explanation of the language's features and many more examples. Appendices describe all the intrinsic features, the deprecated features, and the complete syntax of the language. The Handbookalso includs a feature not found in the standard: a cross reference of all the syntax terms, giving the rule that defines each term and all the rules that reference it. Major new features added in Fortran 95 are the 'FORALL' statement and construct, pure and elemental procedures, and structure and pointer default initialization.

Jeanne Adams has been a project coordinator at the Institute for Computational Studies at Colorado State University.

Walter Brainerd is owner of the Fortran Company.

Preface

xi

1 Introduction

1

(10)

1.1 History

1

(2)

1.2 Fortran 95--The Language of Modern Choice

3

(1)

1.3 Fortran 90 Compatibility

4

(1)

1.4 Syntax Forms

4

(1)

1.5 Extensibility

5

(1)

1.6 The Fortran 95 Language Standard

6

(2)

1.7 References

8

(3)

2 Fortran Concepts and Terms

11

(32)

2.1 Scope and Association

12

(7)

2.2 Program Organization

19

(3)

2.3 Data Environment

22

(4)

2.4 Program Execution

26

(3)

2.5 Terms

29

(4)

2.6 Summary of Forms

33

(6)

2.7 Ordering Requirements

39

(1)

2.8 Example Fortran Program

40

(3)

3 Language Elements and Source Form

43

(20)

3.1 The Processor Character Set

44

(3)

3.2 Lexical Tokens

47

(4)

3.3 Source Form

51

(9)

3.4 The INCLUDE Line

60

(1)

3.5 Low-Level Syntax

61

(2)

4 Data Types

63

(36)

4.1 Building the Data Environment for a Problem Solution

65

(4)

4.2 What Is Meant by "Type" in Fortran?

69

(3)

4.3 Intrinsic Data Types

72

(9)

4.4 Derived Types

81

(11)

4.5 Structure Constructors

92

(3)

4.6 Array Constructors

95

(4)

5 Declarations

99

(58)

5.1 Type Declaration Statements

102

(8)

5.2 Implicit Typing

110

(2)

5.3 Array Properties

112

(9)

5.4 Pointer Properties

121

(3)

5.5 Value Attributes

124

(7)

5.6 Object Accessibility and Use

131

(8)

5.7 Procedure Properties

139

(3)

5.8 Attribute Compatibility

142

(1)

5.9 Automatic Data Objects

142

(2)

5.10 NAMELIST Statement

144

(1)

5.11 Storage Association

145

(12)

6 Using Data

157

(26)

6.1 Constants and Variables

159

(2)

6.2 Substrings

161

(2)

6.3 Structure Components

163

(2)

6.4 Arrays

165

(9)

6.5 Pointers and Allocatable Arrays

174

(9)

7 Expressions and Assignment

183

(84)

7.1 Introduction to Fortran Expressions

184

(5)

7.2 Formation of Expressions

189

(41)

7.3 Interpretation of Expressions

230

(9)

7.4 Evaluation of Expressions

239

(3)

7.5 Assignment

242

(25)

8 Controlling Execution

267

(28)

8.1 The Execution Sequence

268

(1)

8.2 Blocks and Executable Constructs

269

(1)

8.3 IF Construct and IF Statement

270

(4)

8.4 The CASE Construct

274

(5)

8.5 The DO Construct

279

(11)

8.6 Branching

290

(5)

9 Input and Output Processing

295

(72)

9.1 Records, Files, Access Methods, and Units

297

(10)

9.2 Data Transfer Statements

307

(28)

9.3 Execution Model for Data Transfer Statements

335

(3)

9.4 Error and Other Conditions in Input/Output Statements

338

(2)

9.5 The OPEN Statement

340

(9)

9.6 The CLOSE Statement

349

(2)

9.7 Inquiring about Files

351

(10)

9.8 File Positioning Statements

361

(4)

9.9 Restrictions on Input Output Specifiers, List Items, and Statements

365

(2)

10 Input and Output Editing

367

(52)

10.1 Explicit Formatting

369

(2)

10.2 Format Specifications

371

(4)

10.3 Character String Edit Descriptor Form

375

(1)

10.4 Formatted Data Transfer

375

(5)

10.5 File Positioning by Format Control

380

(1)

10.6 Numeric Editing

381

(13)

10.7 Logical Editing

394

(1)

10.8 Character Editing

395

(1)

10.9 Control Edit Descriptors

396

(7)

10.10 List-Directed Formatting

403

(6)

10.11 Namelist Formatting

409

(10)

11 Program Units

419

(26)

11.1 Overview

420

(1)

11.2 Main Program

421

(3)

11.3 Internal Procedures

424

(2)

11.4 Host Association

426

(1)

11.5 External Subprograms

426

(2)

11.6 Modules

428

(15)

11.7 Block Data Program Units

443

(2)

12 Using Procedures

445

(64)

12.1 Procedure Terms and Concepts

446

(7)

12.2 Subroutines

453

(5)

12.3 Functions

458

(7)

12.4 Pure Procedures

465

(2)

12.5 Elemental Procedures

467

(1)

12.6 Procedure-Related Statements

468

(5)

12.7 Argument Association

473

(22)

12.8 Procedure Interfaces

495

(13)

12.9 Procedure Properties

508

(1)

13 Intrinsic Procedures

509

(20)

13.1 Intrinsic Procedure Terms and Concepts

510

(2)

13.2 Representation Models

512

(2)

13.3 Inquiry and Numeric Manipulation Functions

514

(3)

13.4 Conversion, Null, and Transfer Functions

517

(1)

13.5 Computation Functions

518

(2)

13.6 Array Functions

520

(1)

13.7 Intrinsic Subroutines

521

(1)

13.8 Alphabetical List of All Intrinsic Procedures

521

(5)

13.9 Specific Names for Generic Intrinsic Procedures

526

(3)

14 Scope, Association, and Definition

529

(30)

14.1 The Use of Names

531

(1)

14.2 Scope

532

(8)

14.3 Association

540

(12)

14.4 Definition Status

552

(7)

A Intrinsic Procedures

559

(80)

B Fortran 95 Syntax

639

(42)

B.1 The Form of the Syntax

639

(2)

B.2 Syntax Rules and Constraints

641

(30)

B.3 Cross Reference

671

(10)

C Language Evolution

681

(10)

C.1 New Features

681

(4)

C.2 Obsolescent Features

685

(3)

C.3 Deleted Features

688

(3)

Index

691

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Fortran 95 Handbook Complete Iso/Ansi Reference

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials