Programmable Networks for Ip Service Deployment

, by Galis, Alex; Denazis, Spyros; Brou, Celestin; Klein, Cornel

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ISBN: 9781580537452 | 1580537456
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 5/1/2004

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Today, programmable networks are being viewed as the solution for the fast, flexible and dynamic deployment of new telecommunications network services. At the vanguard of programmable network research is the Future Active IP Networks (FAIN) project. The authors of this book discuss their research in FAIN so you can get on the inside track to tomorrow's technology. Moreover, the book provides you with detailed guidelines for designing managed IP programmable networks.

Foreword

xiii

Preface

Acknowledgments

xxi

1 Introduction

(4)

1.1 The Importance of Programmable Networks

(2)

1.2 Structure of the Book

(1)

1.3 The FAIN Project and Consortium

(1)

2 Programmable Networks: Background

(22)

2.1 Motivation

(2)

2.2 Trends and Expected Evolution

(1)

2.3 Open Signaling

(5)

2.3.1 The IEEE P1520

(4)

2.3.2 The IETF ForCES

(1)

2.4 DARPA Active Networks

(2)

2.5 Node Operating Systems

(3)

2.6 Execution Environments

(3)

2.7 Conclusions

(2)

References

(4)

3 Programmable Networks' Security: Background

(20)

3.1 Introduction

(2)

3.2 Requirements for Security

(1)

3.3 Programmability Versus Security

(1)

3.4 Programming Language or Operating System?

(2)

3.5 Trusted Networking Requires Trusted Computing

(2)

3.6 Authorization in the Absence of Identities

(1)

3.7 Resource Controls

(1)

3.8 Putting It All Together

(3)

3.9 Conclusion and Thoughts for the Future

(2)

References

(5)

4 Programmable Network Management and Services: Background

(18)

4.1 State of the Art

(12)

4.1.1 Network and Element Management

(8)

4.1.2 Active Service Provisioning

(4)

4.2 Trends and Expected Evolution

(2)

4.2.1 Element and Network Management

(2)

4.2.2 Active Service Provisioning

(1)

References

(4)

5 SwitchWare Active Platform

(22)

5.1 Introduction

(1)

5.2 Why SwitchWare?

(1)

5.3 Precedents and Possibilities

(4)

5.4 Switch Versus Capsule: A Misleading Dichotomy

(1)

5.5 It Starts with the Node: Active Bridging, ALIEN, SANE, SQOSH, and RCANE

(4)

5.6 Active Packet Languages: PLAN, SNAP, and Caml

(2)

5.7 Results

(2)

5.8 Reflections and Conclusions

(1)

References

(6)

6 Peer-to-Peer Programmability

(22)

6.1 Introduction

(1)

6.2 What Are P2P Services?

(6)

6.2.1 Architectural Concepts

(4)

6.2.2 Components, Structure, and Algorithms of Peer-to-Peer Services

(2)

6.3 Requirements for P2P Programmability

(1)

6.4 Objectives and Requirements for P2P Overlay Management

(2)

6.5 P2P Overlay Management Using Application-Layer Active Networking

(8)

6.5.1 The Active Virtual Peer Concept

(3)

6.5.2 Implementation of AVPs

(5)

6.6 Conclusion

104

(1)

References

105

(4)

7 Programmable Networks' Requirements

109

(40)

7.1 Introduction

109

(1)

7.2 Operators' Expectations of Active Networks

110

(4)

7.2.1 Overview

110

(1)

7.2.2 Speeding Service Deployment and Customization

110

(1)

7.2.3 Leveraging Network and Service Management

111

(1)

7.2.4 Decreasing Vendor Dependency

112

(1)

7.2.5 Integrating Information Networks and Services

113

(1)

7.2.6 Diversification of Services and Novel Business Opportunities

114

(1)

7.3 FAIN Enterprise Model

114

(5)

7.3.1 Roles

115

(3)

7.3.2 Reference Points

118

(1)

7.4 Network Programmability and Active Applications

119

(17)

7.4.1 Introduction

119

(2)

7.4.2 Active Web Services

121

(5)

7.4.3 Active Multicasting

126

(5)

7.4.4 Active VPN

131

(5)

7.5 Generic Requirements for the FAIN Architecture

136

(3)

7.5.1 Service Architecture

136

(1)

7.5.2 Service Access Requirements

136

(1)

7.5.3 Service-to-Network Adaptation/Management

137

(1)

7.5.4 IP-Based Network Models

137

(1)

7.5.5 Service Level Agreements

137

(1)

7.5.6 Quality of Service

138

(1)

7.5.7 Charging/Billing

138

(1)

7.5.8 Security

138

(1)

7.5.9 Active Node/Network Control

138

(1)

7.5.10 Generic Framework Requirements

139

(1)

7.6 Requirements from Operators' Expectations

139

(3)

7.6.1 Impact of Speeding Service Deployment and Customization

139

(1)

7.6.2 Impact of Leveraging Network and Service Management

140

(1)

7.6.3 Impact of Decreasing the Dependence on Vendors

140

(1)

7.6.4 Impact of Networks and Service Integration and Information Networking

141

(1)

7.6.5 Impact of Diversifying Services and Business Opportunities

142

(1)

7.7 Application Requirements

142

(3)

7.7.1 RP1: SCP-SP

142

(1)

7.7.2 RP2: SP-ANSP

143

(1)

7.7.3 RP3: ANSP-NIP

144

(1)

7.7.4 RP4: Consumer-SP

144

(1)

7.7.5 RP5, RP6, and RP7: Federation among SPs, ANSPs, and NIPs

145

(1)

7.8 Conclusion

145

(1)

References

146

(3)

8 FAIN Network Overview

149

(46)

8.1 FAIN Enterprise Model

150

(4)

8.1.1 Roles

152

(1)

8.1.2 Reference Points

153

(1)

8.2 FAIN Reference Architectural Model

154

(5)

8.2.1 Discussion on the FAIN Reference Architecture

158

(1)

8.3 FAIN Networking Architecture

159

(11)

8.3.1 Networking Issues in FAIN

159

(1)

8.3.2 Components in the FAIN Programmable Network

160

(10)

8.4 FAIN Active Service Provisioning

170

(5)

8.4.1 Introduction

170

(1)

8.4.2 FAIN Approach

170

(2)

8.4.3 Actors

172

(1)

8.4.4 Use Cases

172

(1)

8.4.5 ASP Architecture

173

(2)

8.5 FAIN Testbed

175

(4)

8.5.1 Network Topology and Interconnection

175

(3)

8.5.2 Sites Overview

178

(1)

8.6 FAIN Scenarios

179

(9)

8.6.1 DiffServ Scenario

179

(1)

8.6.2 WebTV Scenario

180

(1)

8.6.3 Web Service Distribution Scenario

181

(2)

8.6.4 Video on Demand Scenario

183

(1)

8.6.5 Mobile FAIN Demonstrator

184

(2)

8.6.6 Managed Access

186

(1)

8.6.7 Security Scenario

187

(1)

8.7 Concluding Remarks

188

(2)

References

190

(5)

9 Virtual Environments and Management

195

(18)

9.1 Requirements

196

(1)

9.2 Design

196

(6)

9.2.1 Basic Component

199

(1)

9.2.2 Configurable Component

199

(1)

9.2.3 Component Manager

199

(1)

9.2.4 Template Manager

200

(1)

9.2.5 Resource Manager

201

(1)

9.2.6 Special Managers

201

(1)

9.3 Implementation

202

(7)

9.3.1 Basic Component

204

(1)

9.3.2 Port

204

(1)

9.3.3 IIOP Port

205

(1)

9.3.4 SNMP Port

205

(1)

9.3.5 Configurable Component

205

(1)

9.3.6 Component Manager

205

(1)

9.3.7 Resource Manager

206

(1)

9.3.8 Virtual Environment

206

(1)

9.3.9 Virtual Environment Manager

206

(1)

9.3.10 Security Context

206

(1)

9.3.11 Security Manager

206

(1)

9.3.12 Execution Environment

206

(1)

9.3.13 Java Execution Environment

207

(1)

9.3.14 Java Execution Environment Manager

207

(1)

9.3.15 PromethOS Execution Environment

207

(1)

9.3.16 PromethOS Execution Environment Manager

207

(1)

9.3.17 SNAP Execution Environment

207

(1)

9.3.18 SNAP Execution Environment Manager

207

(1)

9.3.19 Channel

208

(1)

9.3.20 Channel Manager

208

(1)

9.3.21 DiffServ Controller

208

(1)

9.3.22 DiffServ Manager

208

(1)

9.3.23 Traffic Controller

208

(1)

9.3.24 Traffic Manager

208

(1)

9.4 Use Cases

209

(1)

9.4.1 Booting the Management Layer

209

(1)

9.4.2 Creating a Virtual Environment

209

(1)

9.4.3 Deploying a Service

210

(1)

9.5 Conclusion

210

(1)

References

211

(2)

10 Demultiplexing

213

(1)

10.1 Introduction to De/MUX

213

(1)

10.2 Requirements

214

(1)

10.2.1 Requirements for Active Packet Format for De/Multiplexing

214

(1)

10.2.2 Requirements for De/MUX Mechanism

214

(1)

10.3 Active Packet Format

215

(1)

10.3.1 VE ID Option Data

216

(1)

10.3.2 EE ID Option Data

217

(1)

10.4 Framework, Components, Interfaces

217

(2)

10.4.1 Active Channel

219

(1)

10.4.2 Data Channel

220

(1)

10.4.3 Interface Between De/MUX Components and Security Component

221

(3)

10.5 Conclusions

224

(1)

References

224

(3)

11 Security Management

227

(1)

11.1 Introduction

227

(1)

11.2 System Relationships and Entities

228

(2)

11.3 Threats, Security Requirements, and Architecture Goals

230

(2)

11.4 Security Issues

232

(1)

11.4.1 Authorization and Policy Enforcement

232

(1)

11.4.2 Authentication

233

(1)

11.4.3 Packet Integrity

234

(1)

11.4.4 System Integrity

234

(1)

11.4.5 Code and Service Verification

235

(1)

11.4.6 Limiting Resource Usage

235

(1)

11.4.7 Accountability

236

(1)

11.5 High-Level Security Architecture

236

(1)

11.5.1 Fain Architectural Model and Security Architecture

237

(2)

11.6 Security Architecture Design and Implementation

239

(1)

11.6.1 Building the Components' Security Context

240

(1)

11.6.2 Enforcement Layer, Authorization, and Policy Enforcement

240

(1)

11.6.3 External Security Representation

241

(1)

11.6.4 Cryptographic Subsystem and Secure Store

242

(1)

11.6.5 Connection Manager

243

(1)

11.6.6 Verification Manager

243

(1)

11.7 General Active Packet Security Events

243

(1)

11.8 Security Architecture Performance

244

(2)

11.9 Architecture Applicability

246

(2)

11.10 Evaluation of the Security Architecture

248

(1)

11.11 Conclusions

249

(1)

References

250

(3)

12 Resource Control Framework

253

(1)

12.1 Requirements

253

(1)

12.2 RCF Design

254

(2)

12.3 RCF Main Functionalities

256

(1)

12.3.1 Admission Control

256

(2)

12.3.2 Resource Control

258

(2)

12.4 Model RCF Implementation

260

(1)

12.4.1 Traffic Control and Management for Linux

261

(2)

12.4.2 DiffServ Control and Management for a Gigabit Router

263

(1)

12.5 Conclusions

264

(1)

References

265

(2)

13 Control Execution Environments

267

(1)

13.1 Introduction

267

(1)

13.1.1 Management for Evolving and Adapting Networks

268

(3)

13.1.2 Extending the Control Plane

271

(1)

13.1.3 Operation of the Control EE

271

(1)

13.1.4 Safety, Predictability, and Security

271

(1)

13.2 Active Packet Interceptor

272

(1)

13.2.1 Intercepting and Injecting

272

(1)

13.2.2 Executing

272

(1)

13.2.3 IP Protocols as Active Packets

273

(2)

13.2.4 Constrained Language: Forward Branching Languages

275

(2)

13.3 Operational Design of SNAP Interpreter

277

(1)

13.3.1 Instruction Classes

277

(1)

13.3.2 Marshaling and Execution in Place

278

(1)

13.3.3 Segments

279

(1)

13.3.4 Stack and Heap Addressing

279

(1)

13.3.5 Expanding Execution Buffers

280

(1)

13.3.6 The Send Primitive

280

(1)

13.4 SNAP Activator

281

(1)

13.4.1 Packet Interception Mechanisms

281

(1)

13.4.2 Other Services

282

(2)

13.4.3 SNMP Interface

284

(1)

13.5 Security in the Control EE

285

(1)

13.5.1 Introduction

285

(1)

13.5.2 Active Networks Authentication

286

(1)

13.5.3 FAIN Solution

287

(2)

13.6 Control EE in DiffServ

289

(1)

13.7 Conclusion

289

(1)

References

290

(3)

14 High-Performance Execution Environments

293

(1)

14.1 Motivation

293

(2)

14.2 Initiatives in High-Performance Active Networking

295

(1)

14.2.1 Practical Active Network: The First Step Toward High Performance

296

(1)

14.2.2 Active Network Node with Hardware Support

296

(1)

14.2.3 Simple Active Router Assistant

296

(1)

14.2.4 Cluster-Based Active Node

297

(1)

14.2.5 Composable Active Network Elements

298

(1)

14.2.6 Active Packets Edition

298

(1)

14.2.7 Protocol Boosters: Programmable Protocol Processing Pipeline

299

(1)

14.2.8 Kernel Services

299

(1)

14.2.9 AMP

299

(1)

14.2.10 Magician: Resource Management and Allocation

300

(1)

14.2.11 AMnet: Flexinet Project

300

(1)

14.2.12 Safe and Nimble Active Packets

300

(1)

14.2.13 TAGS: Optimizing Active Packet Format

301

(1)

14.3 Toward an Architecture of High-Performance Active Networks and Nodes

301

(1)

14.3.1 Proposing an Architecture for a High-Performance Active Network

301

(2)

14.3.2 Proposing an Architecture for a High-Performance Active Node

303

(4)

14.4 Tamanoir: A Practical Framework for High-Performance Active Networking

307

(1)

14.4.1 High-Level Multithreaded Execution Environment

307

(1)

14.4.2 User Space and Implementation Issues

308

(1)

14.4.3 Kernel Space Execution Environment

309

(1)

14.4.4 Distributed Service Processing: Tamanoir on a Cluster

309

(1)

14.5 Tamanoir Performance Evaluation

310

(1)

14.5.1 Hardware and Software Descriptions of the Testbeds

310

(1)

14.5.2 Latency Measures

311

(1)

14.5.3 Data Path Optimization in a Tamanoir Active Node

312

(1)

14.5.4 Throughput Measures

313

(8)

14.6 Conclusion

321

(1)

References

321

(4)

15 Network Management

325

(1)

15.1 Introduction

325

(1)

15.2 Design and Functionality

326

(4)

15.3 The FAIN PBNM Core Components Description

330

(1)

15.3.1 Common Use Cases

331

(3)

15.3.2 Core Components

334

(1)

15.3.3 ANSP Proxy

334

(1)

15.3.4 PDP Manager

334

(4)

15.3.5 PDP

338

(2)

15.3.6 Monitoring System

340

(2)

15.3.7 Policy Parser

342

(2)

15.3.8 Policy Repository

344

(2)

15.4 Network-Level Management System

346

(1)

15.4.1 Use Cases

346

(1)

15.4.2 NMS Components

347

(10)

15.5 Element-Level Management System

357

(1)

15.5.1 Use Cases

357

(3)

15.5.2 EMS Components

360

(10)

15.6 Conclusion

370

(1)

References

371

(2)

16 Service Deployment in Programmable Networks

373

(1)

16.1 ASP Functionalities

374

(1)

16.1.1 Actors

375

(1)

16.1.2 Use Case Diagrams

375

(2)

16.2 Design Overview

377

(2)

16.3 Service Description

379

(1)

16.3.1 Basic Concepts

380

(1)

16.3.2 Network-Level Service Descriptor

381

(2)

16.3.3 Node-Level Service Descriptor

383

(2)

16.4 ASP Components

385

(1)

16.4.1 Network ASP

385

(2)

16.4.2 Node ASP

387

(3)

16.5 Conclusion

390

(2)

References

392

(1)

17 DiffServ Scenario

393

(1)

17.1 Introduction

393

(1)

17.2 Architecture

394

(2)

17.2.1 Traffic Controller

396

(1)

17.2.2 DiffServ Controller

397

(1)

17.3 Scenario

398

(2)

17.3.1 HIT/HEL Testbed Configuration

400

(1)

17.3.2 FHG Testbed Configuration

401

(1)

17.3.3 Active Proxy Configuration

402

(2)

17.4 Conclusion

404

(1)

References

404

(1)

18 WebTV Scenario

405

(1)

18.1 Motivation and Key Concepts

405

(1)

18.2 General Description

406

(1)

18.3 FAIN PBNM and ASP Revisited: Detailed Scenario Description

407

(2)

18.4 WebTV Components

409

(1)

18.4.1 Reconfiguration of the Transcoder

410

(1)

18.4.2 How the Controller Works

411

(3)

18.4.3 Testbed Configuration for WebTV Demonstration

414

(1)

18.5 Conclusions

414

(1)

References

415

(2)

19 The Outlook

417

(1)

19.1 Reference Architecture for Programmable Service Networks

417

(4)

19.2 Requirements Analysis for Further Development in Programmable Service Networks

421

(1)

19.3 Expected Key Novel Features and Benefits

422

(1)

References

423

(2)

About the Editors

425

(2)

Index

427

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Programmable Networks for Ip Service Deployment

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials