Eco-labelling in Fisheries What is it all

If the marine fishing industry is to survive into the future, innovative approaches are necessary. Recognising that market incentives have the potential to improve fisheries management, the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) has been established to harness these incentives. The work of the MSC translates through from sustainable fishery management certification, to labelling of fish and sea food products, allowing consumers to use their choice and buying power to select eco-labelled products from MSC certified fisheries.This exciting new book covers all aspects of the new eco-labelling initiative developed under the sponsorship of the MSC. Contents include details of the MSC and its certification framework and implementation, dispute resolution, chain-of-custody assessment and community fisheries certification. Also included are important case studies of the MSC certified fisheries of Australia's western rock lobster, Alaska salmon, Thames herring and New Zealand hoki.Eco-Labelling in Fisheries is an essential purchase for all those involved in marine fisheries management throughout the world. Professionals and students in fisheries science, marine biology, ecology, conservation and environmental biology will find this book to be extremely valuable. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught should have multiple copies of this book on their shelves.

Bruce Phillips is at the Department of Environmental Biology, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia, Trevor Ward is at the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia, Chet Chaffee is at Scientific Certifications Systems, Oakland, California, USA.

Contributors

xi

Introduction

1

(3)

Bruce Phillips

Chet Chaffee

Trevor Ward

Mike Sutton

Seafood Evaluation, Certification and Consumer Information

4

(10)

Chet Chaffee

Duncan Leadbitter

Edwin Aalders

Introduction

4

(1)

Certification for seafood

5

(2)

Environmental information for seafood

7

(2)

Other certification programmes

9

(1)

Sustainable seafood programmes -- an overview

10

(4)

The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

14

(20)

Brendan May

Duncan Leadbitter

Mike Sutton

Michael Weber

Introduction

14

(1)

The problem

15

(1)

The theory of eco-labelling

16

(1)

Brief history of the MSC

16

(1)

The MSC standard

17

(3)

The expectations

20

(1)

The result -- a broad-based standard

21

(1)

Overview of how the process works

21

(1)

Fishery assessment systems

22

(1)

The MSC fishery assessment system

22

(1)

Experience to date

23

(1)

Current directions

24

(1)

Some issues of concern for the MSC board, staff and committees

25

(2)

Promoting the brand

27

(2)

Overcoming the challenges

29

(1)

Paying for the change

30

(1)

Conclusions

31

(3)

Introduction to the MSC Certification

34

(29)

The Process of Certification

34

(1)

Chet Chaffee

Introduction

34

(1)

Fishery certification

34

(1)

Chain-of-custody certification

35

(1)

Principle 1 -- Stocks

36

(1)

Louis Botsford

The guiding principles and criteria

36

(2)

Approach to assessment

38

(1)

Potential problems, future directions

39

(2)

Principle 2 -- Effects of Fishing on the Ecosystem

41

(1)

Trevor Ward

The guiding principles and criteria

41

(2)

Approach to assessment

43

(4)

Resolving issues

47

(1)

Fishery impacts

48

(4)

Assessment and evaluation

52

(3)

Monitoring systems

55

(1)

Stakeholder engagement

55

(2)

Principle 3 -- Management Systems

57

(1)

Bruce Phillips

The guiding principles and criteria

57

(2)

Approach to the assessment

59

(1)

Specific criteria

60

(1)

The situation at 2002

61

(2)

Implementing the MSC Programme Process

63

(17)

Chet Chaffee

Bruce Phillips

Trevor Ward

Introduction

63

(1)

MSC pre-assessment

63

(3)

MSC full assessment and certification

66

(14)

Dispute Resolution and the MSC

80

(6)

Duncan Leadbitter

Trevor Ward

Introduction

80

(1)

Historical background

80

(2)

The dispute procedure

82

(1)

The New Zealand hoki dispute

82

(3)

Conclusions

85

(1)

MSC Chain-of-custody-Certification

86

(8)

Peter Scott

Introduction

86

(1)

Who is the typical MSC chain-of-custody certification client?

87

(1)

Where does chain-of-custody certification take place?

87

(2)

The MSC chain-of-custody certification process

89

(1)

The MSC chain-of-custody standard-requirements

89

(4)

How long does chain-of-custody certification last?

93

(1)

How much does chain-of-custody certification cost?

93

(1)

Case Study 1: The Western Rock Lobster

94

(26)

The Fishery and its Assessment

94

(1)

Bruce Phillips

Trevor Ward

Chet Chaffee

Introduction

94

(1)

The Western Australian management system

95

(2)

Stock assessment

97

(1)

The MSC assessment

97

(3)

Environmental issues

100

(1)

Learning outcomes from the assessment process

101

(2)

What Certification has Meant to the Department of Fisheries and the Industry

103

(1)

Peter Rogers

Ross Gould

Brett McCallum

The initial assessment process

103

(1)

Maintaining certification

104

(1)

Costs of certification

105

(1)

Benefits from certification

105

(2)

Conclusions

107

(2)

The WWF Perspective

109

(1)

Katherine Short

Introduction

109

(1)

The role of WWF and the MSC

109

(1)

Supporter and promoter of the MSC

110

(1)

Facilitator of stakeholder involvement

110

(1)

Commentator and monitor of fishery assessments and implementation of certification requirements

111

(1)

Summary overview

112

(8)

An Unsatisfactory Encounter with the MSC -- a Conservation Perspective

114

(6)

David Sutton

Case Study 2: The Alaska Salmon

120

(16)

The Commercial Fisheries

120

(1)

Chet Chaffee

Historic production of the salmon fishery

120

(1)

Alaska salmon management

121

(1)

The MSC assessment

122

(3)

Environmental issues

125

(1)

Stakeholder concerns

126

(1)

Outcomes from the assessment process

126

(3)

A Fishery Perspective

129

(1)

Robert Bosworth

Introduction

129

(3)

Alaska and the MSC

132

(1)

The MSC assessment

133

(1)

The salmon eco-label

134

(2)

Case Study 3: The Thames Herring Drift-net Fishery

136

(9)

Paul Medley

Paul Nichols

Introduction

136

(1)

Stock

136

(1)

Fishing activity

137

(1)

Post-harvest handling and distribution

138

(1)

Fishery management

138

(1)

Stock assessment

139

(1)

Stakeholder co-operation

139

(1)

Monitoring, control, surveillance and enforcement

140

(1)

Environmental issues

141

(1)

The MSC assessment

141

(2)

Conclusion

143

(2)

Case Study 4: The New Zealand Hoki

145

(17)

The Fishery

145

(1)

Edwin Aalders

Jo Akroyd

Trevor Ward

Introduction

145

(1)

The New Zealand fishery-management system

145

(3)

MSC principles and current fishery-management practice

148

(3)

Challenges and experiences

151

(2)

Dispute resolution

153

(1)

The WWF Perspective

154

(1)

Katherine Short

Introduction

154

(1)

Environmental NGO and New Zealand fishing politics

154

(1)

WWF's role and the MSC

155

(3)

Dispute resolution

158

(1)

Public perception

159

(2)

Conclusion

161

(1)

Community-based Certification: A Route to Sustainable Fisheries

162

(14)

Julia Novy-Hildesley

Katherine Short

Introduction

162

(1)

WWF's approach to certification of community fisheries

163

(1)

WWF's proposed methodology for community-based certification

164

(3)

Who is involved in community-based certification?

167

(1)

Motivation for certification in community-based fisheries

167

(2)

Benefits associated with certification in community-based fisheries

169

(1)

Obstacles to certification in community-based fisheries

170

(3)

Community-based certification in practice: a profile of the Seri people's Jaiba fishery, Mexico

173

(1)

The next steps for community-based certification

174

(1)

Conclusions

175

(1)

Is Eco-labelling Working?

176

(10)

An Overview

176

(1)

Volker Kuntzsch

Introduction

176

(1)

Implementation

177

(1)

Where are we now?

178

(1)

The next steps

179

(2)

Is Eco-labelling Working -- for Marine Ecosystems, WWF and the MSC?

181

(1)

Katherine Short

Introduction

181

(1)

Arresting the decline

182

(1)

Improving marine ecosystems

182

(2)

Conclusions

184

(2)

Conclusions

186

(6)

Trevor Ward

Bruce Phillips

Chet Chaffee

Introduction

186

(1)

The incentives

186

(1)

The outcomes

187

(2)

The issues

189

(3)

References

192

(3)

Index

195

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Eco-labelling in Fisheries What is it all about?

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials