Reservoir Formation Damage

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ISBN: 9780750677387 | 0750677384
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 2/14/2007

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Reservoir Formation Damage, Second edition is a comprehensive treatise of the theory and modeling of common formation damage problems and is an important guide for research and development, laboratory testing for diagnosis and effective treatment, and tailor-fit- design of optimal strategies for mitigation of reservoir formation damage. The new edition includes field case histories and simulated scenarios demonstrating the consequences of formation damage in petroleum reservoirs Faruk Civan, Ph.D., is an Alumni Chair Professor in the Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering at the University of Oklahoma in Norman. Dr. Civan has received numerous honors and awards, including five distinguished lectureship awards and the 2003 SPE Distinguished Achievement Award for Petroleum Engineering Faculty. *Petroleum engineers and managers get critical material on evaluation, prevention, and remediation of formation damage which can save or cost millions in profits from a mechanistic point of view. *State-of-the-Art knowledge and valuable insights into the nature of processes and operational practices causing formation damage *Provides new strategies designed to minimize the impact of and avoid formation damage in petroleum reservoirs with the newest drilling, monitoring, and detection techniques

Preface	p. xv
About the author	p. xix
Overview of Formation Damage	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Common Formation Damage Problems, Factors, and Mechanisms	p. 5
Team for Understanding and Mitigation of Formation Damage	p. 7
Objectives of the Book	p. 7
Characterization of Reservoir Rock for Formation Damage - Mineralogy, Texture, Petrographics, Petrophysics, and Instrumental Techniques	p. 11
Mineralogy and Mineral Sensitivity of Petroleum-Bearing Formations	p. 13
Introduction	p. 14
Origin of Petroleum-Bearing Formations	p. 14
Constituents of Sedimentary Rocks	p. 15
Composition of Petroleum-Bearing Formations	p. 16
Mineral Sensitivity of Sedimentary Formations	p. 18
Mechanism of Clay Swelling	p. 28
Modeling Clay Swelling	p. 34
Cation Exchange Capacity	p. 56
Shale Swelling and Stability	p. 63
Petrographical Characteristics of Petroleum-Bearing Formations	p. 78
Introduction	p. 78
Petrographical Characteristics	p. 79
Morphology of Dispersed Clays in Sandstones	p. 93
Rock Damage Tendency and Formation Damage Index Number	p. 95
Reservoir Characterization	p. 99
Petrophysics - Flow Functions and Parameters	p. 101
Introduction	p. 101
Wettability Alteration	p. 102
Dependence of End-Point Saturations to Porosity and Permeability	p. 108
Alteration of Flow Functions: Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability	p. 111
Temperature Dependency of the Rock Wettability	p. 116
Effect of Temperature on Formation Damage	p. 119
Effect of Morphology of Dispersed Clays on Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability in Sandstones	p. 121
Porosity and Permeability Relationships of Geological Formations	p. 125
Introduction	p. 125
Basic Models for Permeability of Rocks	p. 126
Special Effects	p. 137
Advanced Applications	p. 139
Instrumental and Laboratory Techniques for Characterization of Reservoir Rock	p. 154
Introduction	p. 154
Formation Evaluation (FE)	p. 155
Instrumental Laboratory Techniques	p. 158
Characterization of the Porous Media Processes for Formation Damage - Accountability of Phases and Species, Rock-Fluid-Particle Interactions, and Rate Processes	p. 175
Multiphase and Multispecies Transport in Porous Media	p. 177
Introduction	p. 177
MultiPhase and Species Systems in Porous Media	p. 178
Alternative Expressions of Various Species and Flow for Systems in Porous Media	p. 179
MultiSpecies and MultiPhase Macroscopic Transport Equations	p. 184
Particulate Processes in Porous Media	p. 191
Introduction	p. 191
Particulate Processes	p. 193
Properties Affecting Particles	p. 194
Forces Acting Upon Particles	p. 195
Rate Equations for Particulate Processes in Porous Matrix	p. 203
Particulate Phenomena in Multiphase Systems	p. 220
Temperature Effect on Particulate Processes	p. 227
Crystal Growth and Scale Formation in Porous Media	p. 235
Introduction	p. 235
Types of Precipitation	p. 236
Solid-Liquid Equilibrium and Solubility Equation	p. 237
Crystallization Phenomena	p. 239
Particle Growth and Dissolution in Solution	p. 249
Scale Formation and Dissolution at the Pore Surface	p. 250
Crystal Surface Pitting and Displacement by Dissolution	p. 253
Formation Damage by Particulate Processes-Fines Mobilization Migration, - and Deposition	p. 257
Single-Phase Formation Damage by Fines Migration and Clay Swelling	p. 259
Introduction	p. 259
Algebraic Core Impairment Model	p. 260
Ordinary Differential Compartments-in-Series Core Impairment Model	p. 273
Simple Partial Differential Core Impairment Model	p. 277
Partial Differential Core Impairment Model Considering the Clayey Formation Swelling and both the Indigenous and the External Particles	p. 279
Plugging-Nonplugging Parallel Pathways Partial Differential Core Impairment Model	p. 285
Model-Assisted Analysis of Experimental Data	p. 292
Multiphase Formation Damage by Fines Migration	p. 317
Introduction	p. 317
Formulation of a Multiphase Formation Damage Model	p. 318
Model-Assisted Analysis of Experimental Data	p. 331
Cake Filtration: Mechanism Parameters, and Modeling	p. 341
Introduction	p. 342
Incompressive Cake Filtration without Fines Intrusion	p. 345
Compressive Cake Filtration Including Fines Invasion	p. 374
Formation Damage by Inorganic and Organic Processes - Chemical Reactions Saturation Phenomena Deposition and Dissolution	p. 405
Inorganic Scaling and Geochemical Formation Damage	p. 407
Introduction	p. 407
Geochemical Phenomena-Classification, Formulation Modeling and Simulation	p. 410
Reactions in Porous Media	p. 412
Geochemical Modeling	p. 421
Graphical Description of the Rock-Fluid Chemical Equilibrium	p. 426
Geochemical Model-Assisted Analysis of Fluid-Fluid and Rock-Fluid Compatibility	p. 431
Geochemical Simulation of Rock-Fluid Interactions in Brine-Saturated Sedimentary Basins	p. 456
Formation Damage by Organic Deposition	p. 468
Introduction	p. 468
Characteristics of Asphaltenic Oils	p. 471
Mechanisms of the Heavy Organic Deposition	p. 477
Asphaltene and Wax Phase Behavior	p. 479
Prediction of Asphaltene Stability and Measurement (detection) of the Onset of Asphaltene Flocculation	p. 502
Algebraic Model for Formation Damage by Asphaltene Precipitation in Single Phase	p. 514
Plugging-Nonplugging Pathways Model for Asphaltene Deposition in Single Phase	p. 516
Two-Phase and Dual-Porosity Model for Simultaneous Asphaltene-Paraffin Deposition	p. 521
Single-Porosity and Two-Phase Model for Organic Deposition	p. 532
Assessment of the Formation Damage Potential - Testing Simulation, Analysis and Interpretation	p. 557
Laboratory Evaluation of Formation Damage	p. 559
Introduction	p. 559
Fundamental Processes of Practical Importance for Formation Damage in Petroleum Reservoirs	p. 561
Selection of Reservoir-Compatible Fluids	p. 562
Experimental Setup for Formation Damage Testing	p. 564
Recommended Practice for Laboratory Formation Damage Tests	p. 577
Protocol for Standard Core Flood Tests	p. 588
Laboratory Procedures for Evaluation of Common Formation Damage Problems	p. 595
Evaluation of the Reservoir Formation Damage Potential by Laboratory Testing - a Case Study	p. 616
Formation Damage Simulator Development	p. 645
Introduction	p. 645
Description of Fundamental Model Equations	p. 647
Numerical Solution of Formation Damage Models	p. 649
Ordinary Differential Equations	p. 651
Partial Differential Equations	p. 655
Model-Assisted Analysis and Interpretation of Laboratory and Field Tests	p. 670
Introduction	p. 671
Measurement Error	p. 673
Model Validation, Refinement and Parameter Estimation	p. 682
Formation Damage Potential of Stimulation and Production Techniques	p. 689
Reactive-Transport Simulation of Dolomitization, Anhydrite Cementation and Porosity Evolution	p. 718
Impact of Scale Deposition in a Reservoir	p. 720
Simulation of fine particle mobilization migration and deposition in a core plug	p. 727
Formation Damage Models for Fields Applications-Drilling Mud Invasion, Injectivity of Wells Sanding and Gravel-Pack Damage and Inorganic and Organic Deposition	p. 739
Drilling Mud Filtrate and Solids Invasion and Mudcake Formation	p. 741
Introduction	p. 741
Depth of Mud Damage Correlation	p. 746
Single-Phase Mud Filtrate Invasion Model	p. 747
Two-Phase Wellbore Mud Invasion and Filter Cake Formation Model	p. 751
Near-Wellbore Filtrate Invasion	p. 755
Dynamically-Coupled Mudcake Build-up and Immiscible Multiphase Filtrate Invasion	p. 758
Drilling Mud Loss into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs	p. 762
Injectivity of the Waterflooding Wells	p. 775
Introduction	p. 775
Injectivity of Wells	p. 777
Water Quality Ratio (WQR)	p. 780
Single-Phase Filtration Processes	p. 787
Diagnostic-Type Curves for Water Injectivity Tests	p. 800
Injection Rate Decline Function	p. 802
Field Applications	p. 802
Reservoir Sand Migration and Gravel-Pack Damage: Stress-Induced Formation Damage Sanding Tendency, and Prediction	p. 814
Introduction	p. 814
Prediction of Sanding Conditions Using a Simple Model	p. 816
Prediction of Massive Sand Production Using a Differential Model	p. 817
Modeling Sand Retention in Gravel-Packs	p. 823
Reservoir Compaction and Subsidence	p. 824
Near-Wellbore Formation Damage	p. 829
Introduction	p. 829
Modeling Near-Wellbore Deposition and Its Effect on Well Performance	p. 831
Near-Wellbore Sulfur Deposition	p. 836
Near-Wellbore Calcite Deposition	p. 840
Near-Wellbore Asphaltene Deposition	p. 842
Diagnosis and Mitigation of Formation Damage-Measurement Assessment, Control and Remediation	p. 857
Field Diagnosis and Measurement of Formation Damage	p. 859
Introduction	p. 859
Diagnosis and Evaluation of Formation Damage in the Field	p. 860
Pseudo-Damage vs. Formation Damage	p. 863
Measures of Formation Damage	p. 864
Model-Assisted Estimation of Skin Factor	p. 873
Model-Assisted Analysis of the Near-Wellbore Permeability Alteration Using Pressure Transient Data	p. 873
Productivity Decline Caused by Mud Invasion into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs	p. 878
Continuous Real Time Series Analysis for Detection and Monitoring Formation Damage Effects	p. 881
Formation Damage Expert System	p. 886
Determination of Formation Damage and Pseudo-Damage from Well Performance-Identification, Characterization and Evaluation	p. 889
Introduction	p. 890
Completion Damage and Flow Efficiency	p. 891
Formation Damage Assessment in the Field by Well surveillance	p. 902
Well-Testing Techniques reservoir parameters and interpretation methods	p. 904
Components of the Total Skin Factor	p. 915
Variable skin factor	p. 929
Formation Damage Control and Remediation - Conventional Techniques and Remedial Treatments for Common Problems	p. 937
Introduction	p. 938
Selection of Treatment Fluids	p. 941
Clay Stabilization	p. 942
Clay and Silt Fines	p. 948
Effect of Drilling Fluids on Shale Stability	p. 949
Bacterial Damage	p. 953
Inorganic Scales	p. 954
Organic Deposits	p. 956
Mixed Organic/Inorganic Deposits	p. 959
Formation Damage Induced by Completion-Fluids and Crude-Oil Emulsions	p. 959
Wettability Alteration and Emulsion and Water Blocks 960 Intense Heat Treatment	p. 960
Sand Control	p. 960
Well Stimulation	p. 968
Recaputalization of the Methods for Formation Damage Mitigation	p. 969
Sandstone and Carbonate Formation Acidizing	p. 969
Water Injectivity Management	p. 981
Controlling the Adverse Side Effects of Remedial Treatments	p. 982
Reservoir Formation Damage Abatement - Guidelines, Methodology Preventive Maintenance and Remediation Treatments	p. 985
Introduction	p. 986
Comprehensive Methodology for Mitigation of Formation Damage	p. 989
Treatment Fluid Application Methods	p. 1010
Thermal and Hydraulic Coupling of Wellbore with Reservoir During Remedial Fluid Treatments Illustrated for Hydraulically Fractured Well Acidizing	p. 1011
References	p. 1028
Index	p. 1091
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Reservoir Formation Damage

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