Photoproteins in Bioanalysis

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ISBN: 9783527310166 | 3527310169
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/6/2006

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The use of light-emitting proteins for the detection of biomolecules provides fast and sensitive methods which overcome the disadvantages of radioactive labels and the high cost of fluorescent dyes.This reference work summarizes modern advanced techniques and their applications and includes practical examples of assays based on photoproteins. The book presents contemporary key topics like luminescent marine organisms, DNA probes, reporter gene assays and photoproteins, ratiometric sensing, use of photoproteins for in vivo functional imaging and luminescent proteins in binding assays, to name just a few, and is complemented by recent advances in instrumentation.

Preface

List of Contributors

xiii

The Photoproteins

(24)

Osamu Shimomura

Discovery of Photoprotein

(2)

Various Types of Photoproteins Presently Known

(6)

Radiolarian (Protozoa) Photoproteins

(1)

Coelenterate Photoproteins

(2)

Ctenophore Photoproteins

(1)

Pholasin (Pholas Luciferin)

(1)

Chaetopterus Photoprotein

(1)

Polynoidin

(1)

Symplectin

(1)

Luminodesmus Photoprotein

(1)

Ophiopsila Photoprotein

(1)

Basic Strategy of Extracting and Purifying Photoproteins

(1)

The Photoprotein Aequorin

(15)

Extraction and Purification of Aequorin

(1)

Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography

(1)

Properties of Aequorin

(1)

Stability

(1)

Freeze-drying

(1)

Specificity to Ca2+

(1)

Luminescence of Aequorin by Substances Other Than Divalent Cations

(1)

Mechanism of Aequorin Luminescence and Regeneration of Aequorin

(1)

Structure of Aequorin

(1)

Luminescence Reaction

(1)

Regeneration

(1)

Inhibitors of Aequorin Luminescence

(1)

Recombinant Aequorin

(1)

Semi-synthetic Aequorins

(2)

e-Aequorins

(1)

References

(5)

Luminous Marine Organisms

(24)

Steven H.D. Haddock

Introduction

(4)

Non-luminous Taxa

(1)

Luminous Taxa

(1)

Taxonomic Distribution of Bioluminescence

(13)

Bacterial Luminescence

(2)

Dinoflagellate Luciferin

(1)

Cypridina (Vargula) Luciferin

(1)

Coelenterazine

(8)

Other Luciferins: Known and Unknown

(2)

Functions

(7)

Startle or Distract

(1)

Burglar Alarm

(1)

Counterillumination

(1)

Mating Displays

(1)

Prey Attraction

(1)

References

(5)

Beetle Luciferases: Colorful Lights on Biological Processes and Diseases

(16)

Vadim R. Viviani

Yoshihiro Ohmiya

Introduction

(1)

Beetle Luciferases

(1)

Bioanalytical Assays of ATP

(3)

Biomass Estimation and Microbiological Contamination

(1)

Cytotoxicity and Cell Viability Tests

(1)

Enzymatic Assays

(1)

Luciferases as Reporter Genes

(1)

Dual and Multiple Reporter Assays

(1)

Biophotonic Imaging in Animals: A Living Light on Diseases

(3)

Pathogen Infection in Living Models

(1)

Drug Screening

(1)

Tumor Proliferation and Regression Studies

(1)

Gene Delivery and Gene Therapy

(1)

Luciferase as Biomarkers for Cell Trafficking Studies

(1)

Immunoassays

(1)

Biophotonic Imaging in Plants

(1)

Biosensors: Sensing the Environment

(1)

Novel Luciferases: Different Colors for Different Occasions

(7)

References

(5)

Split Luciferase Systems for Detecting Protein--Protein Interactions in Mammalian Cells Based on Protein Splicing and Protein Complementation

(12)

Yoshio Umezawa

Introduction

(1)

Protein Splicing-based Split Firefly Luciferase System [23]

(4)

Split Luciferase Works as a Probe for Protein Interaction

(2)

Split Renilla Luciferase Complementation System [33]

(7)

Time Course of the Interaction Between Y941 and SH2n

(1)

Location of the Interaction Between Y941 and SH2n

(2)

References

(3)

Photoproteins in Nucleic Acid Analysis

(18)

Theodore K. Christopoulos

Penelope C. Ioannou

Monique Verhaegen

Hybridization Assays

(3)

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

(4)

Genotyping of Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms

(3)

Conjugation of Aequorin to Oligodeoxynucleotide Probes

(2)

Development of New Recombinant Bioluminescent Reporters

(2)

Signal Amplification by in Vitro Expression of DNA Reporters Encoding Bioluminescent Proteins

(2)

Conclusions

(2)

References

(2)

Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Bioanalysis

(18)

Suresh Shrestho

Sapna K. Deo

Introduction

(1)

BRET Principle, Efficiency, and Instrumentation

(2)

Comparison of BRET and FRET

(1)

Examples of BRET Donor--Acceptor Pairs

(3)

Applications of BRET in Bioanalysis

102

(6)

Homogeneous Assays

102

(4)

Protein-Protein Interactions and High-throughput Screening

106

(2)

Conclusions

108

(5)

References

109

(4)

Photoproteins as in Vivo Indicators of Biological Function

113

(18)

Rajesh Shinde

Hui Zhao

Christopher H. Contag

Overview

113

(1)

Probes Used for in Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging

114

(2)

Probes Used for in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging

116

(1)

Detection Technologies

117

(1)

Current Applications

118

(8)

Oncology

118

(2)

Infectious Disease

120

(1)

Bacterial Infections

121

(2)

Viral Infections

123

(1)

Viral-mediated Gene Transfer

123

(1)

Cell Biology

124

(1)

Stem Cell Biology

125

(1)

Protease Sensors

126

(2)

Conclusions

128

(3)

References

128

(3)

Photoproteins as Reporters in Whole-cell Sensing

131

(24)

Jessika Feliciano

Patrizia Pasini

Sapna K. Deo

Sylvia Daunert

Introduction

131

(3)

Biosensors Using Intact Cells

131

(1)

Reporter Genes in Genetically Engineered Whole-cell Sensors

132

(2)

The Luciferases

134

(3)

Bacterial Luciferases

135

(1)

luxAB Bioreporters

135

(1)

luxCDABE Bioreporters

136

(1)

Naturally Luminescent Bioreporters

136

(1)

Eukaryotic Luciferases

136

(1)

Firefly Luciferase

136

(1)

Sea Pansy Luciferase

137

(1)

Aequorin

137

(1)

Fluorescent Proteins

138

(2)

Green Fluorescent Protein

139

(1)

Red Fluorescent Protein

140

(1)

Multiplexing

140

(1)

Applications

141

(5)

Stress Factors and Genotoxicants

142

(1)

Environmental Pollutants

142

(2)

Quorum-sensing Signaling Molecules

144

(1)

Antibiotics

145

(1)

Technological Advances

146

(9)

References

148

(7)

Luminescent Proteins in Binding Assays

155

(24)

Aldo Roda

Massimo Guardigli

Elisa Michelini

Mara Mirasoli

Patrizia Pasini

Introduction

155

(3)

Protein-Protein and Protein-Ligand Interaction Assays

158

(5)

FRET and BRET Techniques

158

(1)

FRET and BRET Applications

159

(4)

Other Detection Principles

163

(1)

Antibody-based Binding Assays

163

(5)

Chemical Conjugation

164

(1)

Gene Fusion

165

(1)

Dual-analyte Assays

166

(1)

Expression Immunoassays

166

(1)

BRET-based Immunoassays

167

(1)

Biotin-Avidin Binding Assays

168

(1)

Nucleic Acid Hybridization Assays

169

(3)

Other Binding Assays

172

(1)

Concluding Remarks

172

(7)

References

173

(6)

Luminescent Proteins: Applications in Microfluidics and Miniaturized Analytical Systems

179

(20)

Emre Dikici

Laura Rowe

Elizabeth A. Moschou

Anna Rothert

Sapna K. Deo

Sylvia Daunert

Miniaturization and Microfluidics

179

(4)

Photoproteins and Applications in Miniaturized Detection Systems

183

(12)

Green Fluorescent Protein

184

(1)

GFP in Miniaturized Microfluidic-based Assays

185

(4)

Luciferase

189

(1)

Luciferase in Miniaturized Microfluidic-based Assays

190

(1)

Aequorin

191

(1)

Aequorin in Miniaturized Microfluidic-based Assays

192

(3)

Future Perspectives

195

(4)

References

196

(3)

Advances in Instrumentation for Detecting Low-level Bioluminescence and Fluorescence

199

(26)

Eric Karplus

Introduction

199

(1)

Low Light Levels

199

(3)

Methods of Coupling the Signal to the Detector

202

(3)

Proximity Focusing

202

(1)

Microscope Objectives

203

(1)

Macro Lenses

203

(1)

Fiber Optics

204

(1)

Evaluating the Performance of an Optical System

205

(5)

Numerical Aperture

205

(3)

Transmission Efficiency

208

(1)

Magnification

209

(1)

Detector Technologies

210

(4)

Selecting the Right Detector

214

(1)

Detector Sensitivity

214

(2)

Detector Noise

216

(4)

Statistics of Photon Counting

220

(1)

Summary

221

(4)

References

223

(2)

Photoproteins and Instrumentation: Their Availability and Applications in Bioanalysis

225

(1)

Leslie Doleman

Stephanie Bachas-Daunert

Logan Davies

Sapna K. Deo

Sylvia Daunert

Aequorin

225

(1)

Obelin

226

(1)

Luciferases

227

(1)

Aequorea and Anthozoa Fluorescent Proteins

228

(1)

Coelenteraziness

229

(2)

Luminometers

231

(2)

Fluorometers

233

(1)

Portable Luminometers

234

(1)

Disclaimer

234

(1)

Subject Index

235

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Photoproteins in Bioanalysis

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials