Guide to European Pressure Equipment

, by Earland, Simon; Nash, David; Garden, Bill

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ISBN: 9781860583452 | 1860583458
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/2/2003

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This book provides sensible, practical assistance on pressure equipment.European Pressure Equipment has been written using the day-to-day practical experience of pressure vessel users, manufacturers and suppliers for specifiers, and users of pressure equipment. It has been compiled to provide practical information about all aspects of design, selection and use. The book is aimed at everyone who has technical problems as well as those wanting to know more about pressure equipment and the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED), and also those who want to know who supplies what, and from where in Europe.Aimed at users of pressure vessels in industries such as the power, oil, petrochemical, chemical, pharmaceutical, food, utility and other industries, and also those involved in the specifying and purchasing of pressure vessels and ancillary equipment. The book will of course be of considerable use to designers and manufacturers.Content include: General Legislation and standards Specification of pressure vessels Design Manufacture Inspection and testing Installation, maintenance and in-service inspection Units and conversions and materials data Useful terms translated Classification guide to manufacturers and suppliers Reference index

General	p. 1
Explanation of terms	p. 3
General definitions	p. 3
Organisations	p. 3
Codes and standards	p. 4
Mathematical notation	p. 4
Materials	p. 4
What is a pressure vessel?	p. 4
Common types of pressure vessel	p. 4
Proprietary types of pressure vessel	p. 6
Heat exchangers	p. 6
Steam boilers	p. 7
Vessels for the nuclear power industry	p. 7
Components of a pressure vessel	p. 7
Shells	p. 7
Heads or ends	p. 7
Cones	p. 8
Flanges	p. 9
Nozzles	p. 9
Manways and inspection openings	p. 10
Tubesheets	p. 10
Jackets and limpet coils	p. 10
Supports	p. 11
Stiffening rings	p. 12
Internals	p. 12
External attachments	p. 12
Internals	p. 12
Vortex breakers	p. 12
Demisters	p. 12
Baffles and weirs	p. 13
Filter elements	p. 13
Catalysts	p. 13
Trays	p. 13
Packing	p. 14
Separation devices	p. 14
Mixers and agitators	p. 14
Accessories	p. 14
Manways	p. 14
Davits	p. 15
Platforms and ladders	p. 15
Relief valves and bursting discs	p. 15
Instruments	p. 15
Legislation and standards	p. 17
Legislation	p. 18
EC Directives	p. 18
General Directive on Pressure Vessels 76/767/EEC	p. 18
Gas Cylinders Directives	p. 18
The Simple Pressure Vessels Directive 87/404/EEC	p. 19
The Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC	p. 20
Standards	p. 24
Pressure vessel standards	p. 24
Associated standards	p. 28
Specification of pressure vessels	p. 33
Design data	p. 35
Pressure	p. 35
Temperature	p. 36
Cyclic loading	p. 36
Non-pressure loadings	p. 36
Fluid classification	p. 37
The state of the fluid contents	p. 37
The fluid group	p. 37
Size and configuration	p. 38
Size	p. 38
Configuration	p. 38
Nozzles and inspection openings	p. 38
Materials and corrosion	p. 40
Explanation of terms	p. 40
Selection of materials	p. 40
Typical materials	p. 41
Corrosion and erosion	p. 45
Material specifications	p. 45
Material specification selection	p. 54
Grouping systems for metallic materials	p. 56
Cladding	p. 56
Lining	p. 56
Gaskets	p. 56
Non-destructive examination (NDE)	p. 57
Quotation assessment	p. 57
References	p. 58
Design	p. 61
Introduction	p. 63
Thickness	p. 63
Loadings	p. 63
Classification of load cases	p. 63
Failure modes	p. 63
Dimensionless parameters	p. 63
Design-by-rule and design-by-analysis	p. 63
Design stresses	p. 64
Weld joint coefficient	p. 64
Testing groups	p. 64
Joint coefficients	p. 65
Shells and heads - internal pressure	p. 65
Cylindrical shells	p. 65
Spherical shells	p. 66
Dished ends	p. 66
Conical shells	p. 67
Comparison of thickness of shells and heads	p. 68
Shells and heads - external pressure or vacuum	p. 68
Cylindrical shells	p. 68
Conical shells	p. 69
Spherical shells	p. 69
Dished ends	p. 70
Nozzles and openings	p. 70
Isolated nozzles and openings	p. 70
Multiple openings	p. 71
Limitations	p. 71
Flanges	p. 72
General	p. 72
Standard flanges	p. 72
Flanged joint behaviour	p. 72
Flange styles	p. 73
Bolts	p. 73
Gaskets	p. 74
Design methods	p. 75
Other flange styles	p. 76
Assembly and tightening	p. 76
Fugitive emissions	p. 76
Annex G method	p. 76
Flat ends and stayed plates	p. 78
Welded flat ends	p. 78
Bolted flat ends	p. 78
Nozzles and openings in flat ends	p. 79
Vessels of non-circular cross-section	p. 79
Unreinforced vessels without a stay	p. 80
Unreinforced vessels with a central stay or partition plate	p. 80
Reinforced vessels	p. 80
Nozzles and openings	p. 81
Tubesheets and perforated plates	p. 81
Elastic theory method	p. 82
Limit load analysis	p. 83
Local loads	p. 83
Background to local loads analysis	p. 83
Local loads on nozzles	p. 83
Line loads	p. 85
Lifting lugs	p. 86
Combined loadings	p. 86
Sources of loading	p. 86
Assessment of loading	p. 89
Supports for horizontal and vertical vessels	p. 89
Horizontal vessels on saddle supports	p. 89
Vertical vessels with support legs	p. 91
Vertical vessels on brackets	p. 91
Vertical vessels with skirts	p. 92
Vertical vessels with ring supports	p. 93
Jacketed vessels	p. 93
Jacketed vessel design	p. 93
Limpet coils	p. 94
Fatigue	p. 94
General comments	p. 94
Basis of fatigue assessment	p. 95
Simplified assessment of fatigue life	p. 95
Detailed fatigue assessment	p. 98
References	p. 98
Manufacture	p. 99
Introduction	p. 101
Materials	p. 101
Procurement	p. 101
Traceability	p. 101
Storage of materials	p. 102
Basic processes	p. 102
Plate preparations	p. 102
Edge trimming	p. 102
Forming	p. 103
Rolling	p. 103
Pressing	p. 103
Dished heads	p. 104
Nozzles and stubs	p. 105
Flanges	p. 105
Machining	p. 105
Tolerances	p. 105
Alignment	p. 105
Tolerances for vessels subject to internal pressure	p. 106
Tolerances for vessels subject to external pressure	p. 106
Structural tolerances	p. 107
Welding	p. 107
Welding terms and definitions	p. 107
Weld procedure qualification	p. 110
Welder qualification	p. 112
Weld procedure specification	p. 112
Welding processes	p. 116
Cladding	p. 125
Welding of materials	p. 126
Weld preparations	p. 126
Carbon steels	p. 126
Chromium-molybdenum low alloy steels	p. 129
Nickel steels	p. 131
Stainless steels	p. 131
Nickel base alloys	p. 133
Aluminium and aluminium alloys	p. 135
Titanium and titanium alloys	p. 135
Useful welding references	p. 136
Heat treatment	p. 136
Post weld heat treatment (PWHT)	p. 136
Normalising	p. 136
Quench and tempering	p. 136
Inspection and testing	p. 137
Introduction	p. 138
Non-destructive testing (NDT)	p. 138
Visual examination	p. 138
Penetrant testing (PT)	p. 139
Magnetic particle testing (MT)	p. 140
Radiographic testing (RT)	p. 141
Ultrasonic testing (UT)	p. 142
Eddy current testing (ET)	p. 143
Acoustic emission monitoring (AE)	p. 143
Pressure testing	p. 144
Basic requirements	p. 144
Testing procedure	p. 144
Pneumatic and combined hydrostatic/pneumatic test	p. 145
Standard test pressure	p. 145
External pressure testing	p. 146
Other testing	p. 146
Leak testing	p. 146
Pull out test	p. 147
Material testing	p. 147
Tensile testing	p. 147
Impact testing	p. 147
HIC (Hydrogen induced cracking) testing	p. 147
Other material testing	p. 147
Nameplates	p. 147
Documentation	p. 148
Certification	p. 149
Painting	p. 150
Carbon steel and low alloy steels	p. 150
Stainless steels	p. 150
Preparation for shipment	p. 150
Installation, maintenance and in-service inspection	p. 151
Lifting	p. 152
Horizontal equipment	p. 152
Vertical vessels	p. 152
Foundations	p. 153
Horizontal equipment	p. 155
Vertical vessels	p. 155
Maintenance	p. 155
In-service inspection and testing	p. 155
Pressure Systems Safety Regulations	p. 156
Risk based inspection (RBI)	p. 157
Fitness-for-service	p. 157
Units and conversions and materials data	p. 159
SI, The International System of Units	p. 161
Conversion factors for SI units	p. 162
Plane angle	p. 162
Length	p. 162
Area	p. 162
Volume	p. 163
Time	p. 163
Linear velocity	p. 163
Linear acceleration	p. 163
Angular velocity	p. 163
Angular acceleration	p. 163
Mass	p. 163
Density	p. 163
Force	p. 164
Torque	p. 164
Pressure, stress	p. 164
Dynamic viscosity	p. 164
Kinematic viscosity	p. 164
Energy	p. 165
Power	p. 165
Flow	p. 165
Temperature	p. 165
Other conversion factors	p. 166
Hardness	p. 166
Material toughness	p. 167
Materials data	p. 168
Grouping system	p. 168
Material density	p. 168
Elastic modulus	p. 168
Pipe and tube data	p. 170
Dimensions of stainless steel pipes	p. 170
Standard plate and wire gauges	p. 170
Dimensions of carbon and low alloy steel pipes	p. 170
Bolting	p. 171
Properties of metric bolting	p. 171
Properties of unified bolting	p. 171
Volumes of solids	p. 172
Useful terms translated	p. 173
Classification guide to manufacturers and suppliers	p. 185
Introduction	p. 186
Names and addresses--manufacturers and suppliers	p. 187
Pressure Vessels--manufacturers and suppliers	p. 201
Heat Exchangers--manufacturers and suppliers	p. 206
Air Receivers--manufacturers and suppliers	p. 209
Filters--manufacturers and suppliers	p. 210
Separators--manufacturers and suppliers	p. 211
Special types of vessel--manufacturers and suppliers	p. 212
Components and ancillary products--manufacturers and suppliers	p. 213
Trade names--manufacturers and suppliers	p. 216
Reference index	p. 218
Index to advertisers	p. 228
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Guide to European Pressure Equipment

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Author Biography

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