The Early Modern Atlantic Economy

This book throws new light on the interlocking commercial relationships of the Atlantic trading world during the centuries ending with the American and French Revolutions. Grouped under four themes - the role of merchants and their connections; the development of trades; imperial economies; and colonial working societies - and written by an international team of thirteen celebrated economic historians, these essays add to our knowledge and understanding of the transatlantic economy. Contributions range from studies of individual businessmen, labour patterns, port cities, and branches of trade, to comparative studies of trading nations. They consider the role of the British and French empires as well as the imperial endeavours of other European powers in the Atlantic, drawing attention to the wider implications. This book throws new light on commerce and the early modern Atlantic economy, and will be a valuable resource for economic historians at all levels.

List of figures

vii

List of tables

viii

List of abbreviations

x

List of contributors

xiii

Introduction

1

(14)

John J. McCusker

Kenneth Morgan

Part I The role of merchants and their connections

Risk, credit and kinship in early modern enterprise

15

(21)

Peter Mathias

Business networks in the British export trade to North America, 1750--1800

36

(29)

Kenneth Morgan

Part II The development of trades

Property versus commerce in the mid-eighteenth-century port of London

65

(21)

Henry Roseveare

Irish businessman and French courtier: the career of Thomas Sutton, comte de Clonard, c. 1722--1782

86

(19)

Louis M. Cullen

`A revolution in the trade': wine distribution and the development of the infrastructure of the Atlantic market economy, 1703--1807

105

(49)

David Hancock

Law, credit, the supply of labour, and the organization of sugar production in the colonial Greater Caribbean: a comparison of Brazil and Barbados in the seventeenth century

154

(9)

Russell R. Menard

The revolutionary impact of European demand for tropical goods

163

(23)

Carole Shammas

The business of distilling in the Old World and the New World during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: the rise of a new enterprise and its connection with colonial America

186

(41)

John J. McCusker

Part III Imperial economies

France, Britain and the economic growth of colonial North America

227

(23)

Stanley L. Engerman

Merchants and bankers as patriots or speculators? Foreign commerce and monetary policy in wartime, 1793--1815

250

(28)

Patrick K. O'Brien

America and the crisis of the British imperial economy, 1803--1807

278

(41)

Francois Crouzet

Part IV Colonial working societies

Emigration and the standard of living: the eighteenth-century Chesapeake

319

(25)

Lois Green Carr

After tobacco: the slave labour pattern on a large Chesapeake grain-and-livestock plantation in the early nineteenth century

344

(20)

Richard S. Dunn

Index

364

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The Early Modern Atlantic Economy

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials