Building Pathology Deterioration,

A comprehensive approach to building-related deterioration and intervention This essential technical reference gives building professionals the knowledge and tools they need to better diagnose building-related deterioration, identify sound treatment options and solutions, and design to minimize performance problems on new projects. Combining a clear and accessible explanation of the principles and mechanisms of building deterioration with coverage of a broad array of intervention methods, it is a ready resource for anyone whose work is concerned with improving building performance.

SAMUEL Y. HARRIS, PE, AIA, Esq., is an architect, structural engineer, and attorney. He leads his own consulting company, S. Harris & Co., and serves as an adjunct professor at The University of Pennsylvania and at Goucher College.

Preface

xiii

Introduction

1

(11)

Statement of the Problem

4

(2)

Problem-Solving Process

6

(4)

Structured Problem Solving

7

(1)

Establishing Necessary and Sufficient Conditions

7

(2)

Establishing the Search Pattern

9

(1)

Statement of Objectives

10

(2)

Mechanisms and Diagnostics

12

(45)

Building Pathology and Diagnostics

12

(3)

Deterioration as a Natural Process

13

(1)

Monitoring and the Time Budget

14

(1)

Mechanisms and Degradation Model

15

(8)

The Deterioration Mechanisms

16

(6)

Necessary and Sufficient Conditions

22

(1)

Complex Mechanisms and Diagnostics

23

(11)

Typical Mechanism Combinations

24

(1)

Variable Environmental Effects: A Dynamic Approach

25

(2)

Integrated Systems and Complex Pathogenesis

27

(1)

Structural Systems

28

(1)

Closure

29

(1)

Vertical Closure System

29

(1)

Horizontal Closure System

29

(1)

Untilities Systems

30

(1)

Power Supply

31

(1)

Hydraulic Supply

31

(1)

Environmental Modification System

31

(1)

Heating and Cooling

32

(1)

Humidity Control

32

(1)

Ventilation

32

(1)

Protection Systems

33

(1)

Security

33

(1)

Emergency

33

(1)

The Impact of Material Standards over Time

34

(2)

The Myth of Modern Materials

35

(1)

Intervention Methodologies

36

(8)

The Client as Commander

37

(2)

Approaches

39

(1)

Abstention

40

(1)

Mitigation

41

(1)

Reconstitution

41

(1)

Substitution

42

(1)

Circumvention

43

(1)

Acceleration

44

(1)

The Intervention Matrix

44

(13)

Structural Systems

57

(226)

Functional Definition

57

(1)

Components Description

58

(1)

Materials Pathology

58

(72)

Differential Deformations

58

(3)

Thermal Variation

61

(3)

Hygroscopic Variation

64

(2)

Isotropy

66

(1)

Homogeneity

67

(2)

Mechanical Variation

69

(2)

Combined Variation

71

(1)

Crack Formation, Extension, and Coalescence

72

(1)

Mechanical Mechanisms

72

(1)

Composite Materials

73

(5)

Stress Gradients

78

(1)

Combined Stress

79

(1)

Principle Stresses

80

(1)

Deformation and Crack Formation

81

(9)

Permanent Set and Plastic Deformation

90

(3)

Strain Hardening

93

(1)

Creep

94

(1)

Biological Mechanisms

95

(3)

Fungal Action and Other Microbial Activity

98

(17)

Termites and Other Insects

115

(6)

The Formosan Termite

121

(6)

The Battle against the Formosan

127

(3)

Systemic Pathology

130

(6)

Differentiation between Deformation and Failure

135

(1)

The Pathology of Common Structural Elements

136

(147)

Foundations and Retaining Structures

136

(4)

Shallow Foundations

140

(1)

Differential Settlement

141

(3)

Heaving

144

(7)

Lateral Sliding

151

(12)

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Building Pathology Deterioration, Diagnostics, and Intervention

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials