Enemies and the Darker Side of Peer Relations

The darker side of peer relations is subject that has been largely ignored by researchers. This volume begins the much-needed theoretical and empirically based explorations of the factors involved in the foremation, maintenance, and impact of enemies and other mutual antipathies.Using diverse samples, the chapter authors provide an empirically based exposition of factors relevant to the formation and maintenance of these relations, as well as their developmental impact. Both distal (for example, attachment styles with parents, community violence exposure) and proximal (for example, perceptions of enemies' behavior, social structure of the peer group) factors related to inimical relations are explored, and the developmental sequelaw (for example, affective, behavioral, interpersonal) of having enemies are examined with concurrent and longitudinal designs.

ERNEST V. E. HODGES is an associate professor of psychology at St. John's University, Jamaica, New York.

NOEL A. CARD is a doctoral candidate in clinical psychology at St. John's University, Jamaica, New York.

EDITORS' NOTES

1

(4)

Ernest V.E. Hodges, Noel A. Card

1. I Hate You Just the Way You Are: Exploring the Formation, Maintenance, and Need for Enemies

5

(18)

Maurissa Abecassis

Prior theoretical and empirical literature is reviewed, and a conceptual framework for exploring mutual antipathies is provided.

2. Parent-Child Relationships and Enmity with Peers: The Role of Avoidant and Preoccupied Attachment

23

(16)

Noel A. Card, Ernest V.E. Hodges

Linkages between parenting and enemy relationships with peers are discussed, and data demonstrating that enemies are dissimilar and incompatible in their attachment orientations are presented.

3. Mutual Antipathies in the Peer Group as a Moderating Factor in the Association Between Community Violence Exposure and Psychosocial Maladjustment

39

(16)

David Schwartz, Andrea Hopmeyer-Gorman, Robin L. Toblin, Tania Abou-ezzeddine

Enemies with peers are demonstrated to exacerbate the association between community violence exposure and maladjustment.

4. Describing the Dark Side of Preadolescents' Peer Experiences: Four Questions (and Data) on Preadolescents' Enemies

55

(18)

Jeffrey G. Parker, Bridget K. Gamm

The prevalence, adjustment correlates, social behavior, and interpersonal perceptions involved in preadolescent enmity are examined.

5. Enemies in the Gendered societies of Middle Childhood: Prevalence, Stability, Associations with Social status, and Aggression

73

(16)

Philip C. Rodkin, Ruth Pearl, Thomas W. Farmer, Richard Van Acker

The role of gender in childhood enmity is explored, and the stability of having enemies and inimical dyads over time is examined.

6. Developmental Risk Associatedd with Mutual Dislike in Elementary school Children

89

(22)

Alice W. Pope

Nomination and rating-scale methods of assessing enemies are contrasted in terms of concurrent and longitudinal associations between enemies and maladjustment.

7. Toward Understanding Mutual Antipathies in Childhood and Adolescence

111

(14)

Willard W. Hartup

The chapters in this volume are discussed, and directions for future research are offered.

INDEX

125

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Enemies and the Darker Side of Peer Relations New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, Number 102

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials