Intertwined Genocides Mass Violence in Western Yugoslavia during the Second World War

Intertwined Genocides explores the patterns and the internal logic of the genocides carried out by Croatian fascists - the Ustasha - against Serbs, Jews, and Roma during the Second World War. Korb argues that the Italian fascists were not German puppets, but strong-minded and largely independent agents, despite the German and Croatian occupation of their country. They tried to transform their short-lived wartime Croatian state into a mono-ethnic nation-state by force. Whilst pursuing their violent agenda, they soon lost control over much of their territory owing to the armed resistance of their victims. What followed was an escalation of multiple layers of collective violence: local genocide, the German Holocaust, the occupiers' war against partisans, and an escalating civil war, all inextricably intertwined.

Because of this mix of perpetrators and their competing agendas, and because of the dynamics of violence and counter-violence, resistance and revenge, aggression and fear, Croatia became one of the most violent venues during the Second World War. Intertwined Genocides shows that South-eastern European nationalists carried out genocide independently of the Germans. Moreover, Alexander Korb brings critically important insights to the histories of violence, genocide, and its perpetrators: in a multi-ethnic society, genocide cannot be studied as an isolated phenomenon. Its dynamic escalation had dramatic effects on every ethnic group, and the victims' responses had a significant impact on the course of events throughout the Second World War, and into the latter half of the twentieth-century.

Alexander Korb, Associate Professor in Modern European History and Director of the Stanley Burton Centre for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, University of Leicester

Alexander Korb is Associate Professor in Modern European History at the University of Leicester and Director of the Stanley Burton Centre for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. He graduated in Modern and Medieval History in Berlin and completed his PhD in 2011 at Humboldt University. For his research, he was awarded fellowships at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum, Yad Vashem, the USC Shoah Foundation, the Imre Kertesz Kolleg in Jena, and other institutions. He speaks several European languages. His next book will be on non-German nationalists in Europe during the Second World War.

Introduction
1. Zone of Conflict and Key Players: Croatia, the Ustasa, and the Occupying Powers
2. Institutionalized Violence: Expulsions
3. Unfettered Violence: The Massacres of the Ustasa and Their Aftermath
4. Concentrated Violence: The Camps of the Ustasa
5. The Final Years of the War and the End of the Violence