Pharmacology for Podiatrists

Proposed changes in practice legislation will allow podiatrists to prescribe a limited range of drugs and dressings. It is therefore now required that students and practitioners understand pharmacology. The book will cover both basic and clinical pharmacology and the podiatrist's role in examination, assessment and diagnosis.

Dr Rae Morgan, School of Podiatric Medicine, New College Durham, UK

Dr Margaret Johnson, Department of Pharmacology, University of Sunderland, UK

Preface

vii

Common Abbreviations

viii

Introduction

1

(20)

What is pharmacology?

1

(1)

History of Pharmacology

1

(2)

Where do drugs come from?

3

(1)

Terminology and drug classification

3

(4)

Drug administration

7

(2)

Routes of drug administration

9

(2)

Drug absorption

11

(1)

Drug distribution

12

(2)

Drug metabolism

14

(2)

Drug excretion

16

(1)

Drugs in the elderly

17

(1)

Drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding

18

(1)

Summary

19

(2)

How Drugs Work

21

(12)

Intercellular communication

21

(1)

Cellular targets for drug action

22

(5)

Pharmacokinetics

27

(1)

The drug-receptor interaction

28

(1)

The dose-response relationship

29

(1)

Antagonism

30

(2)

Summary

32

(1)

The Role of the Podiatrist in Patient Care

33

(14)

Introduction

33

(1)

Current scope of practice of the podiatrist in the UK

34

(1)

Patient records

35

(2)

Examination, assessment and diagnosis

37

(1)

Clinical assessment and examination

38

(4)

The podiatrist's role in prevention of complications

42

(1)

Patient education

43

(2)

Future role of the podiatrist as a member of the multidisciplinary health care team

45

(1)

Summary

46

(1)

Drugs Affecting the Peripheral Nervous System

47

(9)

Introduction

47

(1)

The neurone

47

(1)

The neuronal action potential

48

(1)

The sensory nervous system

49

(1)

The somatic nervous system

49

(1)

The sympathetic nervous system

49

(1)

The parasympathetic nervous system

50

(1)

Diseases of the peripheral nervous system

50

(5)

Summary

55

(1)

Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System

56

(20)

Introduction

56

(2)

Alteration of normal CNS function

58

(4)

Diseases of the central nervous system

62

(7)

Parkinson's disease

69

(3)

Epilepsy

72

(3)

Summary

75

(1)

Drugs Affecting the Gastrointestinal System

76

(9)

Introduction

76

(2)

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

78

(6)

Summary

84

(1)

Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System

85

(33)

Introduction

85

(7)

Diseases of the cardiovascular system

92

(23)

Summary

115

(3)

Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System

118

(9)

Introduction

118

(1)

Diseases of the respiratory system

119

(7)

Summary

126

(1)

Chemotherapeutic Drugs

127

(13)

Introduction

127

(1)

Antibacterial drugs

127

(1)

Classification of bacteria

128

(1)

Bacterial resistance

129

(1)

Folate antagonists

130

(1)

Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

130

(2)

Protein synthesis inhibitors

132

(1)

Antimycobacterial drugs

133

(1)

Antifungal drugs

134

(1)

Antiviral drugs

135

(1)

Anthelminitics

136

(1)

Antiprotozoal drugs

137

(2)

Summary

139

(1)

Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System

140

(12)

Introduction

140

(1)

Diabetes mellitus

141

(5)

Thyroid disorders

146

(1)

Sex hormones

146

(4)

Osteoporosis

150

(1)

Summary

150

(2)

Drugs Affecting the Urinary Tract

152

(9)

Introduction

152

(1)

The kidneys

152

(2)

Diseases of the kidney

154

(3)

The bladder and urethra

157

(2)

Summary

159

(2)

Drugs Affecting the Reproductive System

161

(11)

The female reproductive system

161

(6)

The male reproductive system

167

(3)

Summary

170

(2)

Drugs Affecting the Musculoskeletal System

172

(6)

Introduction

172

(1)

Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

172

(4)

The treatment of gout

176

(1)

Summary

177

(1)

Drugs Affecting the Eye and Ear

178

(10)

The eye

178

(1)

Diseases of the eye

179

(3)

The ear

182

(1)

Diseases of the ear

183

(3)

Summary

186

(2)

Drugs Acting on the Skin

188

(5)

Introduction

188

(4)

Summary

192

(1)

Local Anaesthetics

193

(3)

Introduction

193

(2)

Summary

195

(1)

Cytotoxic Drugs

196

(4)

Introduction

196

(1)

Strategies for chemotherapy of cancer

196

(3)

Summary

199

(1)

Appendix I: Drug Interactions

200

(7)

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Pharmacology for Podiatrists

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials