Risk-Mapping and Local Capacities

This working paper records an exercise carried out by Oxfam GB to map out the range of natural hazards and other risks to which people in Mexico and Central America are exposed. It also relates these to complex social, economic, political, and cultural factors that make some social sectors more critically vulnerable than others in emergencies. Further, it identifies the wide range of local capacities (organizational, social, governmental, and non-governmental) that can contribute to developing effective approaches to disaster prevention and mitigation programs, as well as emergency rehabilitation and reconstruction programs.

Amado Ordonez is the Director of Centro Humboldt, an environment and development agency in Nicaragua.

Acknowledgements

5

(1)

Abbreviations and acronyms

6

(1)

Preface

7

(3)

Introduction

10

(3)

Background

10

(1)

Methodology

10

(1)

Physical characteristics of the region

11

(1)

Outline of contents

11

(2)

Assessment of threats and risks

13

(14)

Identification and analysis of threats

13

(1)

A typology of natural threats

14

(5)

Risk of threats caused by human agency

19

(3)

Evaluation and levels of risks

22

(5)

Assessment of vulnerability

27

(24)

Technical focus on vulnerability

27

(1)

Political focus on vulnerability

28

(2)

Social focus on vulnerability

30

(1)

A regional view of social vulnerability

30

(1)

A country-by-country view of social vulnerability

30

(21)

Assessment of local capacity

51

(10)

The institutional framework

51

(5)

Disasters and civil society

56

(2)

Relevant actors and initiatives in the region

58

(3)

Progress and needs in disaster management

61

(5)

Prevention and mitigation

61

(1)

Preparedness

62

(2)

Information and training

64

(2)

Lessons and challenges

66

(3)

How to work in disasters?

66

(1)

Emergencies versus development

67

(1)

Resources and finance

68

(1)

Conclusions

68

(1)

References and background reading

69

(1)

Index

70

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Risk-Mapping and Local Capacities

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials