Sources for Europe in the Modern World with Guided Writing Exercises

Extensively revised by new coeditor Allison Scardino Belzer, Sources for Europe in the Modern World with Guided Writing Exercises, Second Edition, includes more than 100 primary sources. Expertly edited for clarity and pedagogical utility, the sources range from letters, political tracts, memoirs, and fiction to essays, speeches, poems, legal documents, and visuals. Each document is accompanied by a headnote and reading questions.

The second edition features fifty-two new and expanded sources and now includes images. Guided writing exercises, derived from the content of Europe in the Modern World, can now be found at the end of each chapter. These exercises cover a wide range of skills--including creating effective thesis statements, writing cohesive prose, and using parallelism to simplify complex ideas--that will help students improve their writing.

Sources for Europe in the Modern World with Guided Writing Exercises, Second Edition, can be packaged for FREE with Edward Berenson's Europe in the Modern World, Second Edition. Please contact your Oxford University Press sales representative for details.

Allison Scardino Belzer is Associate Professor of History at Georgia Southern University.

Jonathan S. Perry is Associate Professor of History at the University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee.

How to Read a Primary Source
About the Writing History Exercises
About the Writing History Contributors

Chapter 1. The Age of Religious Reform, 1490-1648
1.1 95 Theses, Martin Luther, 1517
1.2 Thomas M?ntzer, A Highly Provoked Defense, 1524
1.3 Records from Calvin's Geneva, 1542-1547
1.4 "Canons on the Sacraments," The Council of Trent, March 3, 1547 and Tridentine Index of Books, 1564
1.5 The Account of Walpurga Hausmannin, Midwife accused of Witchcraft, 1587
1.6 VISUAL SOURCE: Francois Dubois, Painting of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in Paris, 1572-84
WRITING HISTORY: Coordination

Chapter 2. States and Empires, 1450-1700
2.1 Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Roxelana and the Turkish Court from Life and Letters
2.2 Hern?n Cort?s, Second Letter from Mexico to Emperor Charles V, 1522
2.3 The Political Testament of Frederick William ("the Great Elector") of Prussia, May 19, 1667
2.4 Mbemba A Nzinga (Afonso I) of Kongo, Correspondence with King Joao III of Portugal, 1526
2.5 Le Code Noir, issued by King Louis XIV, March 1685
2.6 VISUAL SOURCE: Spanish Piece of Eight coin
WRITING HISTORY: Subordination

Chapter 3. Crises of the Seventeenth Century
3.1 Duc de Saint-Simon, The Daily Habits of Louis XIV at Versailles, c. 1715
3.2 Robert Baillie, Letter to William Spang, 23 August 1648
3.3 Otto von Guericke, The Destruction of Magdeburg in the Thirty Years War, 1631
3.4 Henry IV of France, The Edict of Nantes, 1598 & Revoked by Louis XIV, 1685
3.5 Gerrard Winstanley, The True Levellers Standard Advanced, 1649
3.6 VISUAL SOURCE: The Resolution of the Women of London to the Parliament, 1642
WRITING HISTORY: Thesis Statements

Chapter 4. Science and Enlightenment, 1600-1789
4.1 Galileo Galilei, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina de' Medici, 1615
4.2 John Locke, Second Treatise on Government, 1689
4.3 Immanuel Kant, What Is Enlightenment?, September 30, 1784
4.4 Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality among Men, 1754
4.5 Voltaire, "Toleration" and "Torture" from the Philosophical Dictionary, 1769
4.6 Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, 1792
4.7 VISUAL SOURCE: Jacques-Louis David, Portrait of Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier and his Wife (Marie-Anne Pierette Paulze), 1788
WRITING HISTORY: Thesis assembly

Chapter 5. The Era of the French Revolution, 1750-1815
5.1 Toussaint Louverture, "Dictatorial Proclamation," November 25, 1801
5.2 Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, August 26, 1789
5.3 Olympe de Gouges, The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen, September 1791
5.4 Society of the Friends of the Blacks, "Address to the National Assembly in Favor of the Abolition of the Slave Trade," February 5, 1790
5.5 Maximilien Robespierre, "Speech on the Justification of Terror," February 5, 1794
5.6 Napoleon Bonaparte, Proclamation to the People of Egypt (With a response from Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti), July 2, 1798
5.7 VISUAL SOURCE: Souvenir Plate of King Louis's Execution, 1793
WRITING HISTORY: The thesis statement and its supporting ideas

Chapter 6. The Industrial Revolution, 1750-1850
6.1 Samuel Smiles, Self-Help (1859)
6.2 Thomas Hood, "The Song of the Shirt," December 16, 1843
6.3 Young Miners Testify to the Ashley Commission, 1842
6.4 Friedrich Engels on Women's Work in The Condition of the Working Class in England In 1844
6.5 Charlotte Bront?, Shirley, 1849
6.6 VISUAL SOURCE: English Women's Dresses, ca. 1850
WRITING HISTORY: Cohesion across sentences

Chapter 7. Conservatism, Reform, and Revolution, 1815-1852
7.1 George Sand, Letter to Giuseppe Mazzini, June 11, 1848
7.2 Percy Bysshe Shelley, The Masque of Anarchy, 1832, about Peterloo Massacre of 1819
7.3 The People's Charter, 1839
7.4 Flora Tristan, L'Union Ouvri?re, 1843
7.5 On the Death of Lord Byron in Greece, according to The Westminster Review, July 1824
7.6 Giuseppe Mazzini, Instructions for the Members of Young Italy, 1831
7.7 VISUAL SOURCE: Janos Horvay, Lajos Kossuth Memorial, Budapest, Inaugurated 1927, Rededicated 2015
WRITING HISTORY: Paragraph flow

Chapter 8. From National Unification to Religious Revival (1850-1880)
8.1 Otto von Bismarck, "Iron and Blood" Speech, September 30, 1862
8.2 Florence Nightingale, Notes on Nursing, 1860
8.3 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Communist Manifesto, 1848
8.4 Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species, 1859
8.5 Pope Pius IX, The Syllabus of Errors, 1861
8.6 VISUAL SOURCE: Advertisement for Wombell's Royal National Zoological Collection, 1853
WRITING HISTORY: Text reconstruction

Chapter 9. European Society and the Road to War, 1880-1914
9.1 Maria Montessori, Dr. Montessori's Own Handbook, 1914
9.2 Jules Ferry, Speech on Imperialism, July 28, 1883
9.3 Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden, 1899
9.4 Mark Twain, "To the Person Sitting in Darkness," 1901
9.5 First Anti-Semitic Speech by Karl Lueger, October 2, 1887
9.6 Emmeline Pankhurst, Why We Are Militant, October 21, 1913
9.7 VISUAL SOURCE: Imperialism Board Game, Spain, c. Nineteenth Century
WRITING HISTORY: Text reconstruction and composition

Chapter 10. The First World War, 1914-1919
10.1 Siegfried Sassoon, "Does It Matter?" and "Suicide in the Trenches," 1918
10.2 Ernst J?nger, Battle as an Inner Experience, 1929
10.3 ANZAC Troops at Gallipoli in August 1915, 1941
10.4 Arno Dosch-Fleurot, Interview with Mary Gotoubyova, July 31, 1917
10.5 Woodrow Wilson, The Fourteen Points, 1918
10.6 John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, 1920
10.7 VISUAL SOURCE: Kathe Kollwitz, The Grieving Parents, 1932
WRITING HISTORY: Paper reconstruction

Chapter 11. The Russian Revolution and the Rise of the Soviet Union, 1905-1940
11.1 Aleksandra Kollontai, The Autobiography of a Sexually Emancipated Communist Woman, 1926
11.2 Czar Nicholas II, Manifesto, October 17, 1905
11.3 N.N. Sukhanov, The Russian Revolution, 1917: Eyewitness Account
11.4 Vladimir Lenin, The New Economic Policy and the Tasks of the Political Education Departments (October 17, 1921)
11.5 Josef Stalin, "The Results of the First Five-Year Plan," January 7, 1933
11.6 Nikolai Bukharin, Culture in Two Worlds, 1934
11.7 VISUAL SOURCE: What the October Revolution Gave Worker and Peasant Women, October, 1920
WRITING HISTORY: Analyzing and sorting material into main ideas

Chapter 12. Fascism and Nazism: Mass Politics and Mass Culture, 1919-1939
12.1 Leni Riefenstahl, A Memoir, 1987
12.2 Jos? Ortega y Gasset, The Revolt of the Masses, 1930
12.3 Benito Mussolini, "The Doctrine of Fascism," from Italian Encyclopedia, 1932
12.4 Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, 1925
12.5 Hanna Schmitt, The Disfranchisement of Women, 1937
12.6 The Nuremberg Race Laws, September 15, 1935
12.7 VISUAL SOURCE: Palazzo della Civilita Italiana, EUR, Rome 1941
WRITING HISTORY: Creating the complex "noun phrases" of academic writing

Chapter 13. The Second World War
13.1 Primo Levi, Survival in Auschwitz, 1947
13.2 Marc Bloch, Strange Defeat, 1940
13.3 Vidkun Quisling, "The Nordic Revival" and "A Greater Norway," 1931 and 1942
13.4 Albert Camus, Myth of Sisyphus, 1942
13.5 The Wannsee Protocol, January 20, 1942
13.6 Iris Origo, War in Val d'Orcia, May 1944
13.7 VISUAL SOURCE: Ronald Searle, sketch from To the Kwai--and Back
WRITING HISTORY: Using passive voice, it-shifts, and what-shifts to tell your reader what matters most
Chapter 14. The Postwar, 1945-1970
14.1 Ho Chi Minh, "The Path Which Led Me to Leninism," April 1960
14.2 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, December 10, 1948
14.3 Sir William Beveridge, Report on "Social Insurance and Allied Services," November 20, 1942
14.4 The Treaty of Rome, Establishing the European Economic Community (EEC), March 25, 1957
14.5 Simone du Beauvoir, The Second Sex, 1949
14.6 Hungarian Government Protest and Nikita Khrushchev's Recollections, November 2-3, 1956
14.7 VISUAL SOURCE: Slovak Commemorative Stamp, 2018, based on Ladislav Bielik, The Bare-Chested Man in Front of the Occupiers Tank, Bratislava, 1968
WRITING HISTORY: Using parallelism to simplify complex ideas

Chapter 15. Economic Dilemmas, European Unity, and the Collapse of Communism, 1970-2010
15.1 Mikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World, 1987
15.2 American Diplomats Recall the "Carnation Revolution" in Portugal, April-December 1974
15.3 The Helsinki Accords, 1975
15.4 Margaret Thatcher, "The Lady's Not for Turning" Speech to Conservative Party Conference, October 10, 1980
15.5 Lech Walesa, The Struggle and the Triumph, 1991
15.6 Zlata Filipovic, The Diary of Zlata Filipovic, 1991
15.7 VISUAL SOURCE: Berlin Wall Fragment, United Nations, 2002
WRITING HISTORY: Using coordination and subordination to find and fix common punctuation mistakes

Epilogue. Europe in the 21st Century
Ep.1 Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel, 2007
Ep.2 Vladimir Putin, Address to the Duma Concerning the Annexation of Crimea, March 19, 2014
Ep.3 Matt Zuvela, "Merkel Stays the Course in German Refugee Debate," November 25, 2015
Ep.4 Boris Johnson, Letter to E.U. President Donald Tusk, October 19, 2019
Ep.5 Mary Robinson Foundation-Climate Justice, Principles of Climate Justice, 2019
WRITING HISTORY: Double Foc

Suggested Answers to Writing History Exercises
Credits