The Oxford Handbook of Psychotherapy Ethics

Psychotherapy is an indispensable approach in the treatment of mental disorders and, for some mental disorders, it is the most effective treatment. Yet, psychotherapy is abound with ethical issues. In psychotherapy ethics, numerous fundamental ethical issues converge, including self-determination/autonomy, decision-making capacity and freedom of choice, coercion and constraint, medical paternalism, the fine line between healthiness and illness, insight into illness and need of therapy, dignity, under- and overtreatment, and much more.

The Oxford Handbook of Psychotherapy Ethics explores a whole range of ethical issues in the heterogenous field of psychotherapy thereby closing a widespread perceived gap between ethical sensitivity, technical language, and knowledge among psychotherapists. The book is intended not only for a clinical audience, but also for a philosophical/ethical audience - linking the two disciplines by fostering a productive dialogue between them, thereby enriching both the psychotherapeutic encounter and the ethical analysis and sensitivity in and outside the clinic.

An essential book for psychotherapists in clinical practice, it will also be valuable for those professionals providing mental health services beyond psychology and medicine, including counsellors, social workers, nurses, and ministers.

Manuel Trachsel, Senior Lecturer, University Hospital Basel,Nikola Biller-Andorno, Director, Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland,Jens Gaab, Full Professor, University of Basel,John Sadler, The Daniel W. Foster, M.D. Professor of Medical Ethics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,Serife Tekin, Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy and Classics, The University of Texas at San Antonio

Manuel Trachsel (MD, PhD) has been trained in medicine (MD), clinical psychology (PhD), and philosophy/ethics at the University of Bern, Switzerland. He is the head of the Clinical Ethics Division at the University Hospital of Basel, the University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, and the Geriatric University Clinic FELIX PLATTER Basel, Switzerland. He is a Senior Research and Teaching Associate at the Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland. Dr. Trachsel's research areas include the philosophy and ethics of psychiatry and psychotherapy, the intersection of psychiatry and palliative care, ethical challenges with regard to coercive measures in psychiatry, clinical ethics support services in psychiatry, medical decision-making capacity, and informed consent. He is a published author of more than 70 scientific papers, book chapters, and books including articles in JAMA, The Lancet Psychiatry, The American Journal of Bioethics, The Journal of Medical Ethics,

Jens Gaab is head of the Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy at the University of Basel, Switzerland. He conducts psychotherapy and placebo research and is mostly interested in the complex interplay between these two psychological interventions.

Nikola Biller-Andorno is director of the Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland, which serves as WHO Collaborating Centre for Bioethics. She co-leads the PhD program "Biomedical Ethics and Law" and serves as Vice-President of the Clinical Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland

John Z. Sadler, M.D. is currently a Professor of Psychiatry and Clinical Sciences and the Daniel W. Foster, M.D. Professor of Medical Ethics at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Sadler directs the Division of Ethics in the Department of Psychiatry and the Program in Ethics in Science and Medicine institution-wide. During his career at UT Southwestern, Dr. Sadler has provided clinical ethics consultation for 25 years and research ethics consultation for eight years. He is a co-editor of The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Psychiatry (2013), co-editor, with K.W.M Fulford, of the journal Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology (Johns Hopkins University Press), coauthor with Jennifer Radden of The Virtuous Psychiatrist (OUP, 2010) and author of Values and Psychiatric Diagnosis (OUP 2005).

Serife Tekin is Assistant Professor at the Department of Philosophy and Classics in the College of Liberal and Fine Arts, University of Texas San Antonio

Section I: Background and historical context
1. Why ethics matter in psychotherapy, Manuel Trachsel, Jens Gaab, Nikola Biller-Andorno, Serife Tekin, and John Z. Sadler
2. A brief moral history of psychotherapy, Alan Tjeltveit
3. What do psychotherapists need to know about the history of professional ethics?, Carole Sinclair
4. The history and ethics of the therapeutic relationship, Ulrich Koch and Kelso Cratsley
Section II: Concepts and Theories for Psychotherapy Ethics
5. Autonomy as a goal in psychotherapy, Paul Biegler
6. Patient protection and paternalism in psychotherapy, Marco Annoni
7. Empathy, honesty, and integrity in the therapist: a person-centered perspective, Jeffrey H.D. Cornelius-White and Gillian Proctor
8. Fairness, justice, and economical thinking in psychotherapy, Marta Herschkopf and Rebecca Brendel
9. Ethics of care approaches in psychotherapy, Anna Elsner and Vanessa Rampton
10. Legitimate and illegitimate imposition of therapists' values on patients, Susana Lampley and John Z. Sadler
11. Virtue ethics in psychotherapy, Michael Laney and Adam Brenner
12. How do people make moral medical decisions?, Eleanor Gilmore-Szott and Thomas Cunningham
13. Existential philosophy and psychotherapy ethics, Alexander Noyon and Thomas Heidenreich
14. Phenomenological-hermeneutic resources for an ethics of psychotherapeutic care, Giovanni Stanghellini
15. Free will, responsibility, and blame in psychotherapy, Tobias Z?rcher
16. Dignity in psychotherapy ethics, Roberto Andorno
Section III: Common Ethical Challenges in Psychotherapy
17. The ethics of informed consent for psychotherapy, Alastair McKean, Manuel Trachsel, and Paul Croarkin
18. Ethics of the therapeutic alliance, shared decision-making, and consensus on therapy goals, Stella Reiter-Theil and Charlotte Wetterauer
19. Evidence, science, and ethics in talk-based healing practices, James Phillips and John Z. Sadler
20. Patient information on evidence and clinical effectiveness of psychotherapy, Charlotte Blease, John M. Kelley, and Manuel Trachsel
21. Ethical dimensions of psychotherapy side effects, Michael Linden
22. Privacy and confidentiality in psychotherapy: conceptual background and ethical considerations in the light of clinical challenges, Anke Maatz, Lena Schneller, and Paul Hoff
23. Dual and multiple relationships in psychotherapy, Kevin S. Doyle
24. Ethics considerations in selecting psychotherapy modalities and formats, John Z. Sadler
25. Therapist self-disclosure, Jeffrey E. Barnett
26. Placebo and nocebo in psychotherapy, Jens Gaab and Manuel Trachsel
27. The business of psychotherapy in private practice, Anna E. Brandon
28. Impact of mental health care funding and reimbursement systems on access to psychotherapy, Joelle Robertson-Preidler, Nikola Biller-Andorno, and Tricia Johnson
29. Psychotherapeutic futility, Cynthia Geppert
30. The moral significance of recovery, Larry Davidson
31. Social media ethics for the professional psychotherapist, Kristi Pikiewicz
32. Relationship between religion, spirituality, and psychotherapy: An ethical perspective, Thomas G. Plante
33. Ethics and expert authority in the patient-psychotherapist relationship, Laura Guidry-Grimes and Jamie Carlin Watson
Section IV: Ethical Issues with Specific Psychotherapy Approaches
34. Ethical issues in cognitive-behavioral therapy, Sahanika Ratnayake and Christopher Poppe
35. Ethical processes in psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy, Robert P. Drozek
36. Ethical issues in systemic psychotherapy, Andreas Fryszer and Rainer Schwing
37. Ethical issues in existential-humanistic psychotherapy, Orah T. Krug and Troy Piwowarski
38. Ethical considerations in emotion-focused therapy, Ueli Kramer and Robert Elliott
39. Ethical considerations on mindfulness-based psychotherapeutic interventions, Abigail Levin
40. Psychotherapy integration as an ethical practice, Martin grosse Holtforth, Juan Martin G?mez Penedo, Cosima Locher, Charlotte Blease, and Louis G. Castonguay
Section V: Ethical Challenges of Specific Settings and Populations
41. Identifying and resolving ethical dilemmas in group psychotherapy, Virginia M. Brabender
42. Ethics in couple and family psychotherapy, Marcel Schaer and C?lia Steinlin
43. Ethical challenges of specific settings and populations: Psychotherapy with children and adolescents, Ashley R. Castro, Gerald P. Koocher, and Eric Peist
44. Psychotherapy in old age: Ethical issues, Julian C. Hughes and Richard Cheston
45. Ethical considerations of court-ordered outpatient therapy, Josh E. Becker, Audrey Cecil, and Michael C. Gottlieb
46. Ethical issues in the psychotherapy of high risk offenders, Gwen Adshead
47. Beyond the office walls: Ethical challenges of home treatment, and other out-of-office therapies, Ofer Zur and Manuel Trachsel
48. Common ethical issues associataed with psychotherapy in rural areas, Alysia Hoover-Thompson, BrandonC. Bogle, and James L. Werth, Jr.
49. Ethical aspects of online psychotherapy, Julia Stoll and Manuel Trachsel
50. The ethics of artificial intelligence in psychotherapy, Tania Manriquez, Nikola Biller-Andorno, and Manuel Trachsel
51. Unique ethical dilemmas in psychotherapy of other psychotherapists: Description, considerations, and ways of coping, Gaby Shefler, Shai Lederman, and Refael Yonatan-Leus
52. Ethics of psychotherapeutic interventions in palliative care, Mathieu Bernard, Sonia Krenz, and Ralf J. Jox
53. Ethical psychotherapeutic management of patients with medically unexplained symptoms: The risk of misdiagnosis and harm, Diane O'Leary and Keith Geraghty
54. Psychotherapy in a multicultural society, Jan Ilhan Kizilhan
55. Conducting psychotherapy through a foreign language interpreter, H. Russell Searight
56. Ethical issues in working with LGBTQ+ clients, Sheila Addison and Whit Ryan
57. Intersectionality and psychotherapy with an eye to clinical and professional ethics, Suryia Nayak
58. Ethics of animal-assisted psychotherapy, Karin Hediger, Herwig Grimm, and Andreas Aigner
59. Ethical issues of mindfulness-based interventions from a public health perspective, Andreas T. Schmidt and Lovro Savic
Section VI: Ethics of psychotherapy education, training, quality assurance, and research
60. Virtue ethics and the multicultural clinic, Jennifer Radden and Jerome Kroll
61. Toward an evidence-based standard of professional competence, Scott D. Miller, Joshua Madsen, and Mark Hubble
62. Ethical importance of psychotherapists' self-care and when it fails, Andr?s Consoli, Heidi A. Zetzer, and Himadhari Sharma
63. The metaethics of psychotherapy codes of ethics and conduct, Paul Snelling
64. Professional conduct and handling misconduct in psychotherapy: Ethical practice between boundaries, relationships, and reality, Irina Franke and Anna Richer-R?ssler
65. Dealing with moral dilemmas in psychotherapy: The relevance of moral case deliberation, GAM Widdershoven and AM Ruissen
66. Psychotherapy ethics in film, Tobias Eichinger
67. Psychotherapy ethics in 20th-century literature, Anna Magdalena Elsner
68. Ethical issues in psychotherapy research, Violette Corre, Poonima Bhola, and Manuel Trachsel