Plantation Forestry in the Tropics The Role,

This book presents the historical context and current developments in the practice of planting trees in the tropics. The expanded third edition provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and practices of tropical plantation forestry as part of sustainable land use.

Julian Evans was appointed OBE in 1997 for 'Services to Forestry and the Third World'. Also Vice-President of the Commonwealth Forestry Association, Director-at-Large of the International Society of Tropical Foresters (ISTF), and honorary member of Society of American Foresters.
John Turnbull received the inaugural Queen's Award for Forestry through the Commonwealth Forestry Association for his contributions to forestry in developing countries.

PART I Introduction

Introduction

3

(10)

The tropics

Defining a plantation

Tropical plantation species

Why plantations?

13

(12)

Factors favouring plantation development

Conclusions

Planted forest in tropical countries

25

(14)

Development of plantation forestry

Present status of plantations in the tropics

Conclusion

Plantation organization and structure

39

(12)

Plantation organization

Plantation characteristics

Plantation design

Plantation life-history

Plantation monitoring

PART II Land, social and economic factors, and planning in plantation development

Land and plantation development

51

(21)

Resource management domains

Land capability

Land-use

Obtaining land for plantation development, encouraging tree-planting and extension

Social and economic factors in tree-planting and plantation development

72

(18)

Introduction

Factors affecting the scale and rate of planting and plantation development

Social and cultural effects of plantation development

The contribution of planted forests to the economies and rural development in the tropics

Planning the plantation enterprise

90

(17)

Introduction

Policy planning at international and national levels

Planning in large projects

Planning for small-scale tree-planting

PART III Plantation silviculture

What to plant?

107

(24)

Introduction

Purpose of the plantation

Species potentially available

Matching species with site

Making the choice

107

(24)

Seed collection, supply, and storage

131

(19)

Introduction

Seed quality

Quantity of seed needed

Seed certification, records, and dispatch procedures

Seed procurement

Seed storage

Packaging and transport of seed

Seed supply and trade problems

Forest nurseries

150

(33)

Introduction

Planning forest nurseries

Nursery location and design

Preparation of seed

Time of sowing

The container system

Raising bare-rooted seedlings

Care, protection, and conditioning of seedlings

Quality control, dispatch, and transport of plants

Clonal plantations

183

(17)

Introduction

Development of clonal plantations

Vegetative propagation methods

Clonal deployment

Small-scale clonal plantings

Role of molecular genetics in clonal forestry

Plantation establishment

200

(23)

Pre-establishment essentials

Ground preparation

Planting

Special forms of establishment

Plantation maintenance

223

(14)

Immediate post-planting problems

Weed control

Staking

Tree shelters

Singling

Respacing

Low pruning

Nutrition of tree crops

237

(15)

Nutrient deficiencies

Use of fertilizers

Maintaining soil fertility without using mineral fertilizer

Nutrient toxicity

Dynamics of stand growth

252

(9)

Periodicity and pattern in growth of individual trees

Stand growth is dynamic

Physiological basis of stand development

Silvicultural implications

Selective pruning

Thinning

261

(15)

Definition and objectives

Experience with thinning in the tropics

Effects of thinning

Methods of thinning

Thinning and wood quality

Thinning decisions

Thinning practice and control

High pruning

276

(7)

Need to prune

Production of knot-free timber

Timing and intensity of high pruning

Economics of pruning

Pruning practice

Rotations, regeneration, and coppice

283

(14)

Introduction

Rotation length

First rotation harvesting and preparation for the next rotation: silvicultural considerations

Natural regeneration

Plantation species as invasives

Coppice

Protection---an introduction

297

(18)

Introduction

Inorganic and man-made damage

Organic damage

Salvaging a damaged crop

Protection strategy

PART IV Tree-planting and plantation forestry: in rural development, soil conservation, rehabilitation, environmental considerations, and sustainability

Tree-planting in rural development and agroforestry

315

(19)

Woodlots

Trees with crops

Trees and livestock

Trees planted for other purposes

Protective afforestation

334

(19)

Urgency of protective afforestation in the tropics

Protective role of tree cover

Implementing programmes of protective afforestation

Management and silviculture in protection planting

Tree planting for ecosystem rehabilitation and restoration

353

(10)

Definitions

Degradation and rehabilitation

Management strategies

Species selection

Plantation design

Site management practices

Case studies

Afforestation of inhospitable sites

363

(15)

What makes sites inhospitable? Silvicultural challeng of inhospitable sites

Ecological factors and sustainability of plantations

378

(17)

Biodiversity in plantation forestry

Eucalypt environmental controversy

Sustainability of plantations

Site change induced by plantation forestry

Risk exposed to plantations

Evidence of productivity change

Within-rotation yield class/site quality drift

Intervention to sustain yield

Conclusions

Bibliography

395

(54)

Species index

449

(5)

General index

454

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Plantation Forestry in the Tropics The Role, Silviculture, and Use of Planted Forests for Industrial, Social, Environmental, and Agroforestry Purposes

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials