Practical High-performance Liquid Chromatography, 4th Edition

, by Veronika R. Meyer (EMPA, St Gallen, Switzerland)

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ISBN: 9780470093788 | 0470093781
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 10/1/2004

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Veronika Meyer's book on HPLC is a classic text and remains one of the few titles available on general HPLC. Following on from the success of the previous three editions, this new, fourth edition continues to provide users of HPLC in industry, government, and service laboratories, as well as postgraduate students, with a unified approach to HPLC and an equal treatment of the theory and practice of this important technique.The contents of this edition have been revised, expanded and updated. Where available, old literature references have been replaced by recent ones. New sections on the following topics have been included:Shelf-live of mobile phasesThe mixing crossPhase systems in ion chromatographyMeasurement uncertainty

From the Preface to the First Edition

xiii

Preface to the Fourth Edition

Important and Useful Equations for HPLC

(158)

1 Introduction

(10)

1.1 HPLC: A powerful separation method

(1)

1.2 A first HPLC experiment

(3)

1.3 Liquid chromatographic separation modes

(1)

1.4 The HPLC instrument

(1)

1.5 Safety in the HPLC laboratory

(1)

1.6 Comparison between high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography

(1)

1.7 Pressure units

(1)

1.8 Length units

(1)

1.9 Scientific journals

(1)

1.10 Recommended books

(2)

2 Theoretical Principles

(38)

2.1 The chromatographic process

(2)

2.2. Band broadening

(4)

2.3 The chromatogram and its purport

(7)

2.4 Graphical representation of peak pairs with different degrees of resolution

(5)

2.5 Factors affecting resolution

(5)

2.6 Extra-column volumes (dead volumes)

(1)

2.7 Tailing

(5)

2.8 Peak capacity and statistical resolution probability

(3)

2.9 Effects of temperature in HPLC

(2)

2.10 The limits of HPLC

(5)

3 Pumps

(6)

3.1 General requirements

(1)

3.2 The short-stroke piston pump

(3)

3.3 Maintenance and repair

(1)

3.4 Other pump designs

(2)

4 Preparation of Equipment up to Sample Injection

(15)

4.1 Selection of mobile phase

(2)

4.2 Preparation of the mobile phase

(1)

4.3 Gradient systems

(2)

4.4 Capillary tubing

(3)

4.5 Fittings

(1)

4.6 Sample injectors

(4)

4.7 Sample solution and sample volume

(2)

5 Solvent Properties

(9)

5.1 Table of organic solvents

(2)

5.2 Solvent selectivity

(1)

5.3 Miscibility

(1)

5.4 Buffers

(3)

5.5 Shelf-life of mobile phases

(1)

5.6 The mixing cross

(3)

6 Detectors

(24)

6.1 General

(5)

6.2 UV detectors

(3)

6.3 Refractive index detectors

(2)

6.4 Fluorescence detectors

(1)

6.5 Electrochemical (amperometric) detectors

(2)

6.6 Light scattering detectors

(2)

6.7 Other detectors

(1)

6.8 Multiple detection

(1)

6.9 Indirect detection

(1)

6.10 Coupling with spectroscopy

(7)

7 Columns and Stationary Phases

106

(24)

7.1 Columns for HPLC

106

(2)

7.2 Precolumns

108

(1)

7.3 General properties of column packings

109

(5)

7.4 Silica

114

(1)

7.5 Chemically modified silica

115

(3)

7.6 Styrene-divinylbenzene

118

(4)

7.7 Some other stationary phases

122

(4)

7.8 Column care and regeneration

126

(4)

8 HPLC Column Tests

130

(16)

8.1 Simple tests for HPLC columns

130

(2)

8.2 Determination of particle size

132

(1)

8.3 Determination of breakthrough time

133

(2)

8.4 The test mixture

135

(3)

8.5 Dimensionless parameters for HPLC column characterization

138

(3)

8.6 The van Deemter equation from reduced parameters and its use in column diagnosis

141

(2)

8.7 Diffusion coefficients

143

(3)

9 Adsorption Chromatography

146

(13)

9.1 What is adsorption?

146

(3)

9.2 The eluotropic series

149

(3)

9.3 Selectivity properties of the mobile phase

152

(1)

9.4 Choice and optimization of the mobile phase

153

(1)

9.5 Applications

154

(5)

10 Reversed-Phase Chromatography

159

(19)

10.1 Principle

159

(2)

10.2 Mobile phases in reversed-phase chromatography

161

(2)

10.3 Solvent selectivity and strength

163

(4)

10.4 Stationary phases

167

(3)

10.5 Method development in reversed-phase chromatography

170

(3)

10.6 Applications

173

(2)

10.7 Hydrophobic interaction chromatography

175

(3)

11 Chromatography with Chemically Bonded Phases

178

(5)

11.1 Introduction

178

(1)

11.2 Properties of some stationary phases

178

(5)

12 Ion-Exchange Chromatography

183

(12)

12.1 Introduction

183

(1)

12.2 Principle

183

(1)

12.3 Properties of ion exchangers

184

(2)

12.4 Influence of the mobile phase

186

(2)

12.5 Special possibilities of ion exchange

188

(2)

12.6 Practical hints

190

(2)

12.7 Applications

192

(3)

13 Ion-Pair Chromatography

195

(7)

13.1 Introduction

195

(1)

13.2 Ion-pair chromatography in practice

196

(2)

13.3 Applications

198

(1)

13.4 Appendix: UV detection using ion-pair reagents

199

(3)

14 Ion Chromatography

202

(5)

14.1 Principle

202

(1)

14.2 Suppression techniques

203

(1)

14.3 Phase systems

203

(3)

14.4 Applications

206

(1)

15 Size-Exclusion Chromatography

207

(15)

15.1 Principle

207

(3)

15.2 The calibration chromatogram

210

(3)

15.3 Molecular mass determination by means of size-exclusion chromatography

213

(2)

15.4 Coupled size-exclusion columns

215

(2)

15.5 Phase systems

217

(1)

15.6 Applications

218

(4)

16 Affinity Chromatography

222

(6)

16.1 Principle

222

(1)

16.2 Affinity chromatography as a special case of HPLC

223

(2)

16.3 Applications

225

(3)

17 Choice of Method

228

(7)

18 Solving the Elution Problem

235

(20)

18.1 The elution problem

235

(1)

18.2 Solvent gradients

235

(6)

18.3 Column switching

241

(3)

18.4 Optimization of an isocratic chromatogram using four solvents

244

(3)

18.5 Optimization of the other parameters

247

(6)

18.6 Mixed stationary phases

253

(2)

19 Analytical HPLC

255

(30)

19.1 Qualitative analysis

255

(2)

19.2 Trace analysis

257

(4)

19.3 Quantitative analysis

261

(5)

19.4 Recovery

266

(2)

19.5 Peak-height and peak-area determination for quantitative analysis

268

(4)

19.6 Integration errors

272

(2)

19.7 The detection wavelength

274

(1)

19.8 Apparatus test, validation and system suitability test

275

(3)

19.9 Measurement uncertainty

278

(1)

19.10 Derivatization

279

(3)

19.11 Unexpected peaks: ghost and system peaks

282

(3)

20 Preparative HPLC

285

(12)

20.1 Problem

285

(1)

20.2 Preparative HPLC in practice

286

(3)

20.3 Overloading effects

289

(3)

20.4 Fraction collection

292

(2)

20.5 Recycling

294

(1)

20.6 Displacement chromatography

294

(3)

21 Separation of Enantiomers

297

(14)

21.1 Introduction

297

(2)

21.2 Chiral mobile phases

299

(1)

21.3 Chiral liquid stationary phases

300

(1)

21.4 Chiral solid stationary phases

301

(7)

21.5 Indirect separation of enantiomers

308

(3)

22 Special Possibilities

311

(9)

22.1 Micro and capillary HPLC

311

(2)

22.2 High-speed and super-speed HPLC

313

(3)

22.3 HPLC with supercritical mobile phases

316

(2)

22.4 Electrochromatography

318

(2)

23 Appendix 1: Applied HPLC Theory

320

(10)

24 Appendix 2: How to Perform the Instrument Test

330

(7)

24.1 Introduction

330

(1)

24.2 The test procedure

331

(4)

24.3 Documentation, limiting values and tolerances

335

(2)

25 Appendix 3: Troubleshooting

337

(8)

26 Appendix 4: Column Packing

345

(4)

Index of Separations

349

(2)

Index

351

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Practical High-performance Liquid Chromatography, 4th Edition

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