Supply Chain Management for Sustainable Food Networks

An interdisciplinary framework for managing sustainable agrifood supply chains

Supply Chain Management for Sustainable Food Networks provides an up-to-date and interdisciplinary framework for designing and operating sustainable supply chains for agri-food products. Focus is given to decision-making procedures and methodologies enabling policy-makers, managers and practitioners to design and manage effectively sustainable agrifood supply chain networks.
Authored by high profile researchers with global expertise in designing and operating sustainable supply chains in the agri-food industry, this book:

• Features the entire hierarchical decision-making process for managing sustainable agrifood supply chains.
• Covers knowledge-based farming, management of agricultural wastes, sustainability, green supply chain network design, safety, security and traceability, IT in agrifood supply chains, carbon footprint management, quality management, risk management and policy- making.
• Explores green supply chain management, sustainable knowledge-based farming, corporate social responsibility, environmental management and emerging trends in agri-food retail supply chain operations.
• Examines sustainable practices that are unique for agriculture as well as practices that already have been implemented in other industrial sectors such as green logistics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).

Supply Chain Management for Sustainable Food Networks provides a useful resource for researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, regulators and C-level executives that deal with strategic decision-making. Post-graduate students in the field of agriculture sciences, engineering, operations management, logistics and supply chain management will also benefit from this book.

Eleftherios Iakovou, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece

Dionysis Bochtis, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark

Dimitrios Vlachos, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece

Dimitrios Aidonis, Department of Logistics, Technological Educational Institute of Central Macedonia, Greece

Notes on Contributors ix

Preface xvii

Acknowledgments xxiii

1 Sustainable Agrifood Supply Chain Management 1

1.1 Introduction – Agrifood Supply Chain Management 1

1.2 Why Sustainable Agrifood Supply Chain Management 5

1.3 Hierarchy of Decision-Making for AFSCs 10

1.3.1 Strategic Level 10

1.3.2 Tactical and Operational Levels 17

1.4 Emerging Trends and Technologies in Primary Production 21

1.4.1 Alternative Production Systems 21

1.4.2 Innovative Technologies 23

1.5 Conclusions 25

2 Precision Agriculture: Crop Management for Improved Productivity and Reduced Environmental Impact or Improved Sustainability 41

2.1 Introduction 41

2.2 How Precision Agriculture is Applied 43

2.2.1 Data Collection 43

2.2.2 Data Analysis and Management Zone Delineation 51

2.2.3 Variable Rate Application Technology 52

2.2.4 Auto Guidance Systems and Other Applications 56

2.3 Decision Support Systems for the Farmer 57

2.4 Profitability and Adoption of Precision Farming 57

2.5 Precision Agriculture and Sustainability 59

2.6 Conclusions 60

3 Agricultural Waste Biomass 67

3.1 Introduction 67

3.2 Amount of Biomass 68

3.2.1 Global Production of Agricultural Residues 69

3.2.2 China 76

3.2.3 Denmark 81

3.2.4 USA 83

3.3 Biorefinery Processing of Agricultural Waste Products 86

3.3.1 Physiochemical Properties and Organic Composition of Agricultural Waste and Residue 86

3.3.2 Bioenergy Production 87

3.3.3 Bio�-based Chemical Production 89

3.4 Environmental and Land Use Issues 90

3.4.1 Manure Management 91

3.4.2 Crop Residues Management 95

3.4.3 Land Use Aspects 96

3.4.4 Whole Chain Management 97

3.5 Conclusion 98

4 Maintaining Momentum: Drivers of Environmental and Economic Performance, and Impediments to Sustainability 107

4.1 Introduction 107

4.2 Literature Review 109

4.3 Hypothesis Development 110

4.3.1 The Link between Stakeholder Demands and Integration of Environmental Activities 110

4.3.2 The Link between Integration and Economic and Environmental Performance 111

4.3.3 The Role of Moderating Factors 112

4.4 Data and Method 114

4.4.1 Sample Description 114

4.4.2 Variable Descriptions 115

4.4.3 Statistical Estimation 117

4.5 Results 117

4.6 Discussion and Conclusions 122

5 A Hierarchical Decision�-Making Framework for Quantitative Green Supply Chain Management: A Critical Synthesis of Academic Research Efforts 129

5.1 Introduction 130

5.2 Hierarchy of the Decision�]Making Process 131

5.2.1 Strategic GSCM Decisions 131

5.2.2 Tactical GSCM Decisions 138

5.2.3 Operational GSCM Decisions 142

5.3 Critical Synthesis of Academic Research Efforts 146

5.4 Summary and Conclusions 151

6 Safety and Traceability 159

6.1 Introduction 159

6.2 Drivers for Food Traceability 160

6.3 Traceability: Legislations and Standards 163

6.3.1 International Legislation 163

6.3.2 Standards 166

6.4 Design of Traceability Systems 167

6.4.1 Definitions of Traceability Related Concepts 167

6.4.2 Current Technologies for Traceability 169

6.4.3 Performance Optimization 171

6.5 Future Trends 174

6.6 Conclusions 176

7 Information Technology for Food Supply Chains 183

7.1 Introduction 183

7.2 Information Technology Architecture in a Supply Chain Context 184

7.3 RFID�-Enabled Supply Chain Management 186

7.4 Carbon Footprint Monitoring in the Supply Chain 191

7.5 Urban Shared Food Logistics 194

7.6 Discussion 199

7.7 Conclusions 200

8 Carbon Footprint Management for Food Supply Chains: an Integrated Decision Support System 205

8.1 Introduction 205

8.2 The Carbon Footprint of Food Supply Chains 207

8.2.1 Background 207

8.2.2 Carbon Footprint of Pre�]farm Processes 209

8.2.3 Carbon Footprint of On�]farm Processes 209

8.2.4 Carbon Footprint of Post�]farm Processes 210

8.2.5 Critical Challenges of CFM 214

8.3 The Supply Chain Environmental Analysis Tools 215

8.3.1 The Need for New Tools 215

8.3.2 Description of Methodological Approach 216

8.4 An Illustrative Case Study 218

8.4.1 Scenario Description 218

8.4.2 Application and Analysis of SCEnAT Tools 220

8.4.3 Implication of SCEnAT Tools in a Wheat Supply Chain 223

8.5 Summary and Conclusions 224

9 Quality Management Schemes and Connections to the Concept of Sustainability in the Food Chain 233

9.1 Introduction 233

9.2 Quality Management Schemes in the Food Supply Chain 234

9.2.1 Food Quality Definitions 234

9.2.2 Quality Management Scheme Concepts 235

9.2.3 Application of Quality Management Schemes to the Supply Chain 238

9.2.4 Beneficiaries of Quality Management Schemes along the Supply Chain 239

9.3 Introducing Sustainability and Sustainable Production 239

9.4 Linking Quality Management Schemes with Sustainability along the Food Chain 242

9.4.1 Primary Production 244

9.4.2 Food Manufacturing 244

9.4.3 Transportation and Food Retailing 248

9.5 Consumers and Quality Management Schemes Addressing Sustainability 249

9.6 Conclusion 251

10 Risk Management for Agri-food Supply Chains 255

10.1 Introduction 255

10.2 Supply Chain Risk Management 259

10.2.1 Improving Security 260

10.2.2 Facing Disruptions 261

10.3 Risk Management in Agri�-food Supply Chains 262

10.3.1 Risk Types and Sources 262

10.3.2 Risk Mitigation Strategies 263

10.3.3 Quantitative Tools for Agri-food Supply Chain Risk Management 265

10.4 Case 1: Revenue Management of Perishable Agri-food Products – a Newsvendor-Type Modeling Approach 265

10.4.1 System Description 266

10.4.2 Model Development 267

10.4.3 Numerical Example 270

10.5 Case 2: Emergency Dual Sourcing Contracts – a Simulation-Based Approach 271

10.5.1 System Description 272

10.5.2 Discrete Event Simulation Model 274

10.5.3 Numerical Example 276

10.6 Case 3: Managing Agri�-food Supply Chain Disruption Risks – a Game�-Theoretic Approach 279

10.6.1 Model and Problem Description 280

10.6.2 Study of Game Interactions 281

10.6.3 Numerical Example 285

10.7 Conclusions 287

11 Regulatory Policies and Trends 293

11.1 Regulations as Tools 293

11.2 Environmental Externalities and Savings as Drivers of Regulations 295

11.3 Diversity as a Driver for Informal Regulations and Trends 297

11.4 Nutrition and Environmental Issues Regulated at the Food Plate Level 298

11.5 Citizens–Consumers Facing Regulations at the Market 299

11.6 Food Production as a Component of a Future Bioeconomy 301

11.7 Future Regionalism Related to Regulation 303

11.8 What is Needed for Regulatory Policy Development 304

Index 307

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