The Evolution of Crises And Underdevelopment

The Evolution of Crises and Underdevelopment in Africa, explores the impact of historical, political, economic, and international legal influences on Africa since colonialism. The study focuses on the four troubled African nations of Sierra Leone, Congo Democratic Republic, Sudan, and the Republic of Congo.

Christopher Warburton is Adjunct Professor of Economics at Monroe College and Bronx Community College in New York

Foreword	p. vii
Introduction	p. 1
The Old Perception of State and Society in Africa	p. 7
Pre-Colonial Societies of West Africa	p. 7
Ghana	p. 7
Nigeria	p. 8
Sierra Leone	p. 12
Societies in East and Central Africa	p. 15
Southern Sudan	p. 15
The Pygmies of Central Africa	p. 18
Building the New African States	p. 21
The British Paradigm	p. 22
The French Paradigm	p. 29
The Belgian Paradigm	p. 33
Colonialism or Policy?	p. 41
L'etat c'est moi	p. 41
The modus operandi of Failed Post-Colonial Leaders	p. 44
Reversing the Ills of Colonialism-an East Asian Miracle	p. 52
Crises and Underdevelopment in Africa	p. 65
Debt and Underdevelopment	p. 68
War and Underdevelopment	p. 77
Sierra Leone: 1991-1996, 1997-2004	p. 79
Sudan: 1963-1972, 1984-2004	p. 82
Congo Republic: 1993-1995, 1997-2004	p. 84
The Congo Democratic Republic: 1960-1965, 1997-2004	p. 85
Is Sustainable Development an Option?	p. 88
International Law and African Debt Burden	p. 99
The Evolution of the International Law	p. 100
International Law	p. 104
Treaties and Odious Debt	p. 106
Custom and Debt	p. 108
Arbitration and Debt	p. 112
Is the ICJ an Avenue for Odious Debt Settlement?	p. 114
Use of General Principles of Law in Judicial Settlement	p. 116
Use of Equity in Judicial Settlement	p. 119
Use of Writers in Judicial Settlement	p. 123
Epilogue	p. 125
Notes	p. 131
References	p. 137
Index	p. 147
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The Evolution of Crises And Underdevelopment in Africa

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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