Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals

, by Kohn, Dennis F.; Wixson, Sally K.; White, William J.; Benson, G. John

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ISBN: 9780124175709 | 0124175708
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 4/1/1997

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Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals focuses entirely on the special anesthetic, analgesic, and postoperative care requirements associated with experimental surgery. Sponsored by the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, this informative work provides the reader with agents, methods, and techniques for anesthesia and analgesia that ensure humane and successful procedural outcomes. Key Features * Focuses on a wide variety of animal species used in research * Provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacology of anesthetics and analgesics * Includes monitoring of analgesia and anesthesia * Organizes topics by species for agents and methods of providing anesthesia, analgesia, and post-op care to animals * No other American text is devoted entirely to this topic

List of Contributors

(2)

Preface

(2)

List of Reviewers for Chapters in This Volume

xiii

(2)

Definitions of Selected Terms

Chapter 1 Pharmacology of Injectable Anesthetics

(28)

Richard E. Fish

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Barbiturates

(2)

III. Hypnotics

(5)

IV. Cyclohexamines: Dissociative Anesthetics

(2)

V. Steroids

(1)

VI. a2- Agonists

(2)

VII. Sedatives and Tranquilizers

(2)

VIII. Local/Regional Anesthesia

(1)

IX. Anesthetic Combinations

(2)

References

(8)

Additional Reading

(2)

Chapter 2 Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics

(14)

David B. Brunson

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Chemical and Physical Properties

(5)

III. Mode of Action

(1)

IV. Uptake, Distribution, and Elimination

(1)

V. Inhaled Anesthetics

(2)

VI. Measurement and Quantification of Anesthetic Concentration for Research

(2)

VII. Health Risks Associated with Exposure to Waste Anesthetic Gases

(1)

References

(3)

Chapter 3 Pharmacology of Analgesics

(14)

James E. Heavner

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

(4)

III. Opioids

(5)

IV. a2- Adrenergic Agonists

(1)

V. a2- Antagonists

(1)

VI. Analgesic Adjuvants

(1)

VII. Future Prospects

(1)

References

(2)

Chapter 4 Paralytic Agents

(16)

Susan V. Hildebrand

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Classfication of Paralytic Agents

(8)

III. Measuring Neuromuscular Function

(4)

References

(3)

Chapter 5 Monitoring of Anesthesia

(10)

Diane E. Mason

Marilyn J. Brown

I. Introduction to Anesthetic Monitoring

(1)

II. Physiological Systems of Importance

(6)

III. Summary and Conclusions

(1)

References

(2)

Chapter 6 Monitoring of Analgesia

(22)

Peggy J. Danneman

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of Pain

(2)

III. Mechanisms of Analgesia

(1)

IV. Pain Perception

(1)

V. Pain and Stress

(1)

VI. Determining When to Treat Pain

(7)

VII. Experimental Pain Models

(4)

References

(6)

Chapter 7 Anesthesia Equipment: Types and Uses

105

(44)

George A. Vogler

I. Introduction

106

(1)

II. Compressed Gases

106

(2)

III. Anesthetic Machines

108

(10)

IV. Breathing Circuits

118

(3)

V. Testing and Maintenance of Anesthetic Machines

121

(1)

VI. Ventilators

122

(4)

VII. Induction Chambers and Masks

126

(2)

VIII. Fluid Delivery and Systems

128

(1)

IX. Monitors

129

(9)

X. Patient Support Equipment

138

(11)

XI. Ancillary Equipment

139

(6)

References

145

(4)

Chapter 8 Design of Surgical Suites and Postsurgical Care Units

149

(16)

William J. White

Joanne R. Blum

I. Introduction

149

(1)

II. Design Considerations

150

(4)

III. Planning of Surgical Facility

154

(3)

IV. Construction of Surgical Facility

157

(5)

V. Conclusion

162

(1)

References

162

(3)

Chapter 9 Anesthesia and Analgesia in Rodents

165

(40)

Sally K. Wixson

Kathleen L. Smiler

I. Introduction

165

(1)

II. Unique Features of Rodent Anesthesia and Analgesia

166

(1)

III. Preoperative Patient Evaluation and Care

166

(1)

IV. Methods of Anesthetic Delivery/Equipment

167

(2)

V. Inhalant Anesthetics

169

(4)

VI. Parenteral General Anesthetics

173

(9)

VII. Regional Anesthesia

182

(1)

VIII. Intraoperative Anesthetic Monitoring and Support

182

(1)

IX. Postoperative Supportive Care

183

(1)

X. Acute and Chronic Analgesic Therapy

184

(5)

XI. Special Anesthetic Considerations

189

(2)

Appendix

191

(9)

References

200

(5)

Chapter 10 Anesthesia and Analgesia in Rabbits

205

(28)

Neil S. Lipman

Robert P. Marini

Paul A. Flecknell

I. Introduction

205

(1)

II. Preoperative Considerations

206

(2)

III. Methods of Delivery or Administration

208

(3)

IV. Parenteral Techniques

211

(5)

V. Inhalation Anesthesia

216

(1)

VI. Regional Anesthesia

217

(1)

VII. Special Anesthetic Considerations

218

(1)

VIII. Intraoperative Support and Monitoring

219

(1)

IX. Postoperative Considerations

220

(1)

X. Analgesia

221

(2)

Appendix

223

(5)

References

228

(5)

Chapter 11 Anesthesia and Analgesia in Nonhuman Primates

233

(24)

Sulli J. Popilskis

Dennis F. Kohn

I. Introduction

234

(1)

II. Preoperative Evaluation

234

(1)

III. Anesthetic Delivery

235

(1)

IV. Anticholinergic Drugs

236

(1)

V. Parenteral Anesthetics

236

(4)

VI. Muscle Relaxants

240

(1)

VII. Inhalational Anesthetics

241

(2)

VIII. Intraoperative Monitoring

243

(2)

IX. Intraoperative Support

245

(1)

X. Special Anesthetic Considerations

245

(3)

XI. Postoperative Care

248

(2)

XII. Summary

250

(4)

References

254

(3)

Chapter 12 Anesthesia and Analgesia in Dogs, Cats, and Ferrets

257

(24)

Ralph C. Harvey

Robert R. Paddleford

Sulli J. Popilskis

Sally K. Wixson

Introduction

258

(1)

Part A. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Dogs and Cats

258

(16)

Ralph C. Harvey

Robert R. Paddleford

Sulli J. Popilskis

I. Preanesthetic Evaluation

258

(1)

II. Delivery of Anesthetics and Adjunctive Drugs

259

(2)

III. Preanesthetic Medications

261

(1)

IV. Intravenous Agents for Induction or Maintenance of General Anesthesia

262

(4)

V. Balanced Anesthesia

266

(1)

VI. Overview of Inhalation Anesthesia

266

(1)

VII. Hemodynamic Effects of Inhalational Anesthesia

267

(1)

VIII. Methods of Inhalational Induction of Anesthesia

267

(1)

IX. Intraoperative Monitoring and Physiological Support

268

(1)

X. Postoperative Care

268

(2)

XI. Postoperative Analgesia

270

(1)

XII. Specific Considerations

271

(2)

References

273

(1)

Part B. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Ferrets

274

(7)

Sally K. Wixson

I. Introduction

274

(1)

II. Unique Features of Ferret Anesthesia

274

(1)

III. Preoperative Patient Evaluation of Care

275

(1)

IV. Methods of Anesthetic Delivery and Equipment

275

(1)

V. Sedatives and Tranquilizers

275

(2)

VI. Parenteral Anesthetics

277

(1)

VII. Inhalant Anesthesia

278

(1)

VIII. Regional Anesthesia

278

(1)

IX. Monitoring of Anesthesia

278

(1)

X. Intraoperative and Postoperative Supportive Care

279

(1)

XI. Acute and Chronic Analgesic Therapy

279

(1)

References

279

(2)

Chapter 13 Anesthesia and Analgesia in Ruminants

281

(32)

Colin I. Dunlop

Robert F. Hoyt, Jr.

I. Introduction

282

(1)

II. Animal Health Considerations

283

(3)

III. Preparation for Anesthesia

286

(2)

IV. Local and Regional Anesthesia

288

(1)

V. Epidural or Spinal Anesthesia

289

(1)

VI. Pharmacologic Considerations for Anesthesia of Ruminants

290

(1)

VII. Sedation and Premedication

291

(3)

VIII. Induction of General Anesthesia

294

(3)

IX. Intubation Techniques

297

(2)

X. Maintenance of Anesthesia

299

(1)

XI. Monitoring of Anesthetized Ruminants

300

(2)

XII. Support during Anestheisa

302

(1)

XIII. Anesthetic Recovery and Postoperative Care

302

(1)

XIV. Pain Perception and Evaluation

303

(1)

XV. Pain Management

304

(4)

References

308

(5)

Chapter 14 Anesthesia and Analgesia in Swine

313

(24)

Alison C. Smith

William J. Ehler

M. Michael Swindle

I. Anatomic and Physiologic Characteristics

314

(1)

II. Anesthetic Delivery

314

(2)

III. Inhalational Anesthesia

316

(3)

IV. Injectable Anesthetics and Tranquilizers

319

(3)

V. Regional Anesthesia

322

(1)

VI. Analgesia

322

(1)

VII. Intraoperative Support and Monitoring

322

(2)

VIII. Postsurgical Care

324

(1)

IX. Special Anesthetic Considerations

324

(6)

Appendix

330

(3)

References

333

(4)

Chapter 15 Anesthesia and Analgesia in Nontraditional Laboratory Animal Species

337

(42)

Dorcas O. Schaeffer

I. Introduction

338

(1)

II. Mammals

338

(3)

III. Birds

341

(7)

IV. Reptiles

348

(11)

V. Amphibians

359

(3)

VI. Fish

362

(2)

VII. Invertebrates

364

(3)

Appendix

367

(1)

References

367

(12)

Chapter 16 Postoperative Support and Intensive Care

379

(18)

Steve C. Haskins

Pamela H. Eisele

I. Introduction

379

(1)

II. Facilities and Equipment for Postoperative and Intensive Care

380

(1)

III. General Nursing Care Protocols

380

(1)

IV. Personnel Training

381

(1)

V. Record Keeping

381

(1)

VI. Monitoring

382

(4)

VII. Postoperative Care

386

(2)

VIII. Nutritional Support

388

(2)

IX. Vascular Catheter Placement and Care

390

(2)

X. Fluid Therapy

392

(1)

XI. Conclusion

393

(1)

References

394

(3)

Chapter 17 Current Research in Anesthesia and Trends in Clinical Applications

397

(12)

Mervyn Maze

David A. Daunt

Markku Salonen

I. Introduction

397

(1)

II. Novel Sites for Anesthetic Drug Action

398

(3)

III. Novel Drugs

401

(2)

IV. Anestheic Delivery

403

(4)

References

407

(2)

Appendix

409

(2)

Index

411

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Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals

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Table of Contents

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