Conversion of Renewable Biomass into Bioproducts

Diverting waste products into value-added ingredients

Large amounts of biomass residues are generated every year, and they can be utilized as one of the most abundant, cheap, and renewable resources on Earth. However, improper management allows these residues to become environmental hazards. This work presents research on how to utilize biomass derived from plant, animal, and industrial waste residues. Readers from the industrial and transport sectors, such as biofuel and bioenergy producing plants, as well as the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic and biopolymer industries, will find this work useful.

Dr. Majher I. Sarker has earned his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from the Department of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Technology. University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. And his Ph.D. from Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI in Organic Chemistry. In his professional career, he worked as a Q.C. Chemist in an ISO certified ACI pharmaceutical company, did research in Computational Chemistry in Kyungpook National University, South Korea, Postdoctoral research in Medicinal Chemistry at Marquette before joining Eastern Regional Research Center (ERRC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), USDA in 2013. Currently, he is working as a Research Scientist in Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit at ERRC, where he is primarily working on food safety and utilization of biomass related projects. Dr. Sarker received a number of prestigious awards including ARS Scientist of the year award, Best paper award, Gold Medal Award from Federal Executive Board. He has published numerous research articles,
US-patents and books.

Dr. LinShu Liu is the Lead Scientist and Research Chemist of the Eastern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture located in Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania. Dr. Liu's research interests fall in three areas: (1) Controlled release of biologically active substances for biomedical uses and for food protection and preservation; (2) New utilities of agricultural byproducts; and (3) The interplay of diet and human gut microbiota. Dr. Liu obtained Ph.D. in Polymer Chemistry in Kyoto University in Japan in 1990, then a Postdoctoral Associate with Prof. R. Langer in MIT. He authored or co-authored 27 patents, 130 research papers in peer-reviewed journals, more than 200 proceeding papers, and 10 books. He is the Foreign Member of the Tajikistan Academy of Sciences, Republic of Tajikistan, the adjunct Professors of Tajik Agrarian University (Dushanbe, Tajikistan), and Washington State University (Pullmen, WA, USA).

Dr. Madhav P. Yadav is a research chemist at USDA-ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA. His main accomplishments are development of Bio-based Fiber Gums, Super Corn Fiber gum, Insoluble Biomass Gel, Cellulosic Arabinoxylan Fiber, CFG-protein conjugate etc. Dr. Yadav earned his MS degree in Biochemistry from Eastern Illinois University, PhD degree in Carbohydrate Chemistry from Southern Illinois University and worked as a post-doc at Purdue University and a research faculty at University of California, Riverside before he joined USDA in 2004. Dr. Yadav is on the editorial board of Food Hydrocolloids, Food Hydrocolloids for Health and International Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. He is an active participant of International Hydrocolloids Conference, Gums/Stabilizers for the Food Industry Conference and American Chemical Society. He is the author of over 115 peer reviewed publications, book chapters and proceedings and has attended and given invited talks at more than 45 national and
international meetings.

Dr. Yosief received his BSc degree in Pharmacy from the University of Asmara, Eritrea and he worked as a teaching assistant at the Orotta School of Medicine, Eritrea. He received his PhD in Chemistry from the University of Cincinnati, OH. His graduate research work was focused on the synthesis of carbohydrates and their application for pathogen and toxins detection. After earning his doctoral degree, he was NIH sponsored postdoc at the University of Massachusetts, Boston where he worked on the design and synthesis of imidazo-pyridine- and dihydropteridinone-based bromodomain inhibitors. Before joining USDA-ARS in November 2018, he worked as an adjunct chemistry faculty at the Cincinnati State Technical Community College. As a USDA-Postdoc, he is engaged in modifying biomass and byproducts into value-added products also in designing environmentally friendly formulations for hide preservation. His graduate and postdoctoral research works have led to several publications and patents.

Dr. Syed Ammar Hussain has earned his PhD degree from Shandong University of Technology. His doctoral study focused on medium-chain fatty acid generating cell factories using metabolic engineering methods and fermentation optimization technologies. He spent a semester as a visiting scholar at the University of Texas in San Antonio. Following that, he worked as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at USDA-ARS, where he worked on a number of projects which principally include 1) identification (NGS) and decontamination of food borne pathogens, 2) Use of different chemical inducers to enhance the microbial biomass, 3) conversion of agriculture feedstock into useful products. He is now working as a Post Doc Research Fellow at the US Army DEVCOM Solider Center in MA, where he has the opportunity to explore the nutrient-gut microbiota interplay and eventually unravel the processes and metabolites by which gut bacteria regulate human physiology and behavior.

Preface

Chapter 1: Conversion of Renewable Biomass into Bioproducts, Majher I. Sarker, LinShu Liu, Madhav P. Yadav, Hailemichael O. Yosief, and Syed A. Hussain
Chapter 2: Functional Co-products from Sorghum Biomass, Madhav P. Yadav and Majher I. Sarker
Chapter 3: Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Cotton Gin Motes and Cotton Gin Trash, Michael W. Easson and Jacobs H. Jordan
Chapter 4: Preparation of Cellulose-Based Soft and Composite Materials through Dissolution and Gelation with Ionic Liquids, Jun-ichi Kadokawa
Chapter 5: Extraction of Valuable Compounds from Agricultural Crop Residues and Waste, Mohammad Arifur Rahman
Chapter 6: Naturally Derived Fatty Acid Based Antibacterial Agents, Hailemichael O. Yosief and Majher I. Sarker
Chapter 7: Sustainable Production of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids (MCFAs), Syed Ammar Hussain and Majher I. Sarker
Chapter 8: Phosphonates from Lipids-Synthesis and Tribological Evaluation, Grigor B. Bantchev, Cinta Lorenzo-Martin, and Oyelayo O. Ajayi
Chapter 9: Conversion of Tannery Waste into Value-Added Products, Nusheng Chen, Eleanor M. Brown, and Cheng-Kung Liu
Chapter 10: Conversion of Agro-industrial Wastes into Value-Added Products, Hassan Mohamed, Aabid Manzoor Shah, and Yuanda Song
Chapter 11: Conversion of Protein and Polysaccharide Wastes into Value-Added Composite Products, Jie Liu, Ying Pei, Yitong Dong, Zhilu Rao, Jiankang Chen, and Keyong Tang
Chapter 12: Agro-Based Waste-/Co-products as Feedstocks for Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biosynthesis, Richard D. Ashby and Cheng-Kung Liu
Chapter 13: Physicochemical Analysis of Solvent Absorption into Biobased Polymer Gels, Victor T. Wyatt and Prince G. Boakye
Chapter 14: Protein-Based Flocculants and Their Applications, Chen Liang and Rafael A. Garcia

Editors' Biographies
Author Index
Subject Index