Accountability for Mass Starvation Testing the Limits of the Law

Bridget Conley is Research Director of the World Peace Foundation (WPF) and Associate Research Professor at The Fletcher School, Tufts University. Her work focuses on mass atrocities and genocide, memory and violence, and how museums can engage on human rights issues. She previously worked at the
U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, leading the Museum's research and projects on contemporary threats of genocide.

Alex de Waal is Executive Director of the World Peace Foundation, and Research Professor at the Fletcher School, Tufts University. He has worked on the Horn of Africa and humanitarian issues since the 1980s as a researcher and practitioner, focusing on famine and humanitarian crises, including the
African Union High-Level Panel on Sudan and South Sudan.

Catriona Murdoch is a Partner at Global Rights Compliance (GRC) with expertise on the crime of starvation and accountability for atrocity crimes. At GRC, she manages the strategy to advance accountability for the crime of starvation. In this role, she leads large grant programmes in support of the
agenda and provides legal advice to States, UN bodies, and CSOs to assess the legality and accountability prospects of conflict-induced hunger. Separately, in support of GRC's broader conflict work, Catriona provides advice on accountability strategies and works with CSOs to investigate and
prosecute international crimes.

Wayne Jordash QC is Managing Partner of Global Rights Compliance, where he advises states and corporations regarding their responsibilities to protect civilians and international law in conflict-affected and high-risk areas. He has worked in all the international courts over the last two decades,
representing governments, military and political leaders, and victims. He has represented the Serbia Government at the International Court of Justice, the (post revolution) Libyan Government, the Ukrainian Government, Rohingya, and Sri Lankan Tamils at the International Criminal Court, and the
ex-head of the State Security of Serbia at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.

1. Introduction, Bridget Conley, Alex de Waal, Catriona Murdoch, and Wayne Jordash
Part I: The Historical and Conceptual Context
2. What is Starvation?, Bridget Conley and Alex de Waal
3. Social Nutrition and Accountability for Mass Starvation, Susanne Jaspars
4. 'An Unprosecuted Crime', Bridget Conley, Randle Defalco, Senai Abraha, and Alex de Waal
Part II: The Law
5. A Comprehensive Review of Existing IHL and ICL As It Relates to Starvation, Wayne Jordash, Catriona Murdoch, and Joe Holmes
6. The Right to Food in Armed Conflict, Simone Hutter
Part III: The Case for Prosecutions Today
7. 'Not Never Again, but Next Time': Armed Conflict and Mass Starvation in South Sudan 2013-2019, Chris Newton
8. Starvation as Strategy in the Syrian Armed Conflict: Siege, Deprivation, and Detention, Mohammad Kanfash and Ali Aljasem
9. 'Once We Control Them, We Will Feed Them': Mass Starvation in Yemen, Aditya Sarkar
10. Prosecution of Starvation in South Sudan, Wayne Jordash, Joe Holmes, and Uzay Yasar Aysev
Part IV: Broader Perspectives
11. Humanitarian Challenges and Implications for Famine Early Warning Systems, Dan Maxwell
12. Sanctions as a Mechanism for Accountability for Starvation Crimes, Ben Spatz, Catriona Murdoch, and Olivier Windridge
13. Sex, Gender, Age, and Mass Starvation, Dyan Mazurana, Bridget Conley, and Kinsey Spears
14. Reporting Famine, Jane Ferguson
15. Truth, Memory, and Victims, Alex de Waal