Achieve Writer's Help for Hacker (1-Term Access; Multi-Course)

Welcome to Achieve for Writers Help - Hacker
About Achieve for Writer’s Help - Hacker
For Bedford/St. Martins
Acknowledgments
Using Achieve for Writers Help - Hacker in your writing course
Achieve Writing Tools Implementation Guide
Achieve Diagnostics and Study Plans Implementation Guide
Submitting a writing assignment in Achieve
Completing a peer review assignment in Achieve
Instructor resources for Achieve for Writers Help.
iClicker Reef Slide Set 1
iClicker Reef Slide Set 2

Diagnostics and Study Plans
Diagnostic and Study Plan for Sentence Grammar
Practice Test for Sentence Grammar - Hacker v2
Complete 50% of the Study Plan for Sentence Grammar - Hacker v2
Complete 100% of the Study Plan for Sentence Grammar - Hacker v2
Final Test for Sentence Grammar - Hacker v2
Diagnostic and Study Plan for Punctuation, Style, and Mechanics
Practice Test for Punctuation, Style, and Mechanics - Hacker v2
Complete 50% of the Study Plan for Punctuation, Style, and Mechanics - Hacker v2
Complete 100% of the Study Plan for Punctuation, Style, and Mechanics - Hacker v2
Final Test for Punctuation, Style, and Mechanics - Hacker v2
Diagnostic and Study Plan for Reading Skills
Practice Test for Reading Skills - Hacker v2
Complete 50% of the Study Plan for Reading Skills - Hacker v2
Complete 100% of the Study Plan for Reading Skills - Hacker v2
Final Test for Reading Skills - Hacker v2
Diagnostic and Study Plan for Reading Strategies
Practice Test for Reading Strategies - Hacker v2
Complete 50% of the Study Plan for Reading Strategies - Hacker v2
Complete 100% of the Study Plan for Reading Strategies - Hacker v2
Final Test for Reading Strategies - Hacker v2

Writing Assignments
Annotated bibliography
Argument essay
Narrative essay
Researched argument
Rhetorical analysis essay

Guides to Writing in the Disciplines
A Guide to Writing in Art and Art History
Thinking like an art professional
Questions art professionals ask
Kinds of evidence art professionals use
Ethical practices in art
Looking at works of art
Responding to a work of art
Understanding different points of view in writing about art
Developing the techniques of description
Researching art
Using databases to find scholarly publications in art
Primary and secondary sources in art
Academic art journals
Books and online resources in art
Reading the art literature
Actively reading art sources
How to read scholarly books on art
How to read scholarly articles on art
Checklists for evaluating sources in art
Designing and writing papers and projects in art
Considering your purpose and audience in writing in art
Checklist for assessing the writing situation in art
Organizing and drafting your art paper
Revising and editing your art paper
Writing conventions in art
Word choice (art)
Phrasing for clarity, concision, and directness (art)
Writing effective sentences (art)
Special considerations in writing about art
Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in art
Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in art
Quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing art sources
Captions and lists of illustrations in your art paper
MLA style for documenting sources in art
Chicago style for documenting sources in art
Genres of writing in art
Short description of a work of art
Copy for a museum label
Personal response to a work of art
Comparison of two works of art
Formal analysis of a work of art
Contextual analysis of a work of art
Review of an art exhibition
Research paper in art or art history
Artist statement
Glossary of vocabulary in art
Additional resources for art and art history
Practice activities (art and art history)
A Guide to Writing in Criminal Justice and Criminology
Thinking like a criminal justice professional or criminologist
Questions criminal justice professionals and criminologists ask
Ethics in criminal justice and criminology studies
Kinds of evidence criminal justice professionals and criminologists use
Researching criminal justice and criminology
Using databases for research in criminal justice and criminology
Primary and secondary sources in criminal justice and criminology
Locating and evaluating online sources in criminal justice and criminology
Checklists for evaluating sources in criminal justice and criminology
Reading the literature in criminal justice and criminology
Active reading in criminal justice and criminology
Reading specific literature in criminal justice and criminology
The process of writing papers and projects in criminal justice and criminology
Considering your purpose and audience in criminal justice and criminology
Checklist for assessing the writing situation in criminal justice and criminology
Organizing your materials for writing in criminal justice and criminology
Drafting and developing a thesis in criminal justice and criminology
Revising your writing in criminal justice and criminology
Revising and testing thesis statements in criminal justice and criminology
Editing your writing in criminal justice and criminology
Writing conventions in criminal justice and criminology
Sentence structure (criminal justice and criminology)
Word choice (criminal justice and criminology)
Using visuals and presenting data in criminal justice and criminology
Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in criminal justice and criminology
Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in criminal justice and criminology
Quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing sources in criminal justice and criminology
In-text citations in criminal justice and criminology papers (APA style)
Reference section in criminal justice and criminology papers (APA style)
APA manuscript format in criminal justice and criminology papers
Genres of writing in criminal justice and criminology
Abstract (criminal justice and criminology)
Annotated bibliography (criminal justice and criminology)
Argument or position paper (criminal justice and criminology)
Analytical paper (criminal justice and criminology)
Case brief (criminal justice and criminology)
Administrative report (criminal justice and criminology)
Investigative report (criminal justice and criminology)
Literature review (criminal justice and criminology)
Professional memo (criminal justice and criminology)
Policy memo (criminal justice and criminology)
Poster presentation (criminal justice and criminology)
Research proposal (criminal justice and criminology)
Research paper: Original empirical research (criminal justice and criminology)
Glossary of vocabulary in criminal justice and criminology
References (criminal justice and criminology)
Resources for reading and writing in criminal justice and criminology
Practice activities (criminal justice and criminology)

A Guide to Writing in Economics
Thinking like an economist
Models and behavior in economics
Empirical results and data in economics
Distinguishing fact, opinion, and value in writing in economics
Questions economists ask
Types of evidence economists use
Researching economics
Using databases to find sources in economics
Using economics journals
Checklists for evaluating sources in economics
Reading the economics literature
The basic structure of an economics article
Choosing your sources in economics literature
Reading your sources actively in economics
The process of writing papers and projects in economics
Considering your purpose and audience in writing in economics
Thesis and hypothesis in economics
Checklist for assessing the writing situation in economics
Considering the "So what?" question in writing in economics
Organizing and drafting your economics paper
Revising your economics paper
Four approaches to revising thesis statements in economics
Editing your economics paper
Writing conventions in economics
Phrasing for clarity, concision, and directness (economics)
Sentence structure (economics)
Vocabulary (economics)
Using equations in economics
Presenting data in tables and figures in economics papers
Presenting and documenting code in economics papers
Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in economics
Quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing economics sources
Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in economics
Documenting sources in economics
Genres of writing in economics
Abstract (economics)
Analysis and evaluation (economics)
Argumentative essay (economics)
Annotated bibliography (economics)
Literature review (economics)
Theoretical or modeling paper (economics)
Research proposal (economics)
Research paper (economics)
Policy memo (economics)
Glossary of vocabulary in economics
References (economics)
Practice activities (economics)

A Guide to Writing in Engineering
Thinking like an engineer
The design process in engineering
Questions engineers ask
Kinds of evidence engineers use
Ethical conduct in engineering
Researching engineering
Using databases to find articles in engineering research journals
Strategies for optimizing your online searches in engineering
Distinguishing primary and secondary sources in engineering
Sources of engineering data and regulations
Evaluating online resources in engineering
Reading the engineering literature
Actively reading an engineering textbook
Active reading in engineering
The structure of a research or experimental engineering report
The structure of an engineering design report
How to read an engineering report
The process of writing papers, projects, and presentations in engineering
Considering your purpose and your audience in writing in engineering
Designing and writing effective documents in engineering
Organizing and drafting your engineering paper
Revising and editing your engineering paper
Writing conventions in engineering
Controlling sentence structure in engineering
Using effective vocabulary in engineering
Presenting data effectively in engineering
Presenting equations, calculations, and data in engineering
Presenting and documenting code in engineering
Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in engineering
Summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting engineering sources
Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in engineering
Using IEEE style for citing sources in engineering
Genres of writing in engineering
Technical, lab, or test report (engineering)
Lab notebook (engineering)
Literature review (engineering)
Problem analysis and evaluation (engineering)
Project proposal (engineering)
Design report (engineering)
Research report (engineering)
Case study (engineering)
Memo or brief (engineering)
Summary, abstract, and annotated bibliography (engineering)
Poster or slide presentation (engineering)
Oral presentation (engineering)
Glossary of vocabulary in engineering
References (engineering)
Additional resources for reading and writing in engineering
Practice activities (engineering)

A Guide to Writing in Nursing and Health Professions
Thinking like a nurse or health professional
Questions nurses and health professionals ask
Kinds of evidence nurses and health professionals use
Ethics in nursing and health professions
Researching nursing and health professions
Using databases to find research publications in nursing and health professions
Primary and secondary sources in nursing and health professions
Evaluating online resources in nursing and health professions
Reading the nursing and health professions literature
Active reading in nursing and health professions
The range of articles in nursing and health professions
The structure of research articles in nursing and health professions
Hypotheses and hypothesis testing in nursing and health professions
The structure of evidence-based practice review articles in nursing and health professions
How to read a research study in nursing and health professions
How to evaluate a research study in nursing and health professions
Writing papers and projects in nursing and health professions
Considering your purpose in nursing and health professions
Understanding your audience and their needs in nursing and health professions
Forming a thesis, hypothesis, and research question in nursing and health professions
Planning, organizing, and drafting your paper in nursing and health professions
Revising and editing your writing in nursing and health professions
Writing conventions in nursing and health professions
Phrasing for clarity, concision, and directness (nursing and health professions)
Choosing vocabulary in nursing and health professions
Presenting data in nursing and health professions
Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in nursing and health professions
Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in nursing and health professions
Quoting and summarizing sources in nursing and health professions
In-text citations in nursing and health professions (APA style)
Reference section in nursing and health professions (APA style)
APA manuscript format in papers in nursing and health professions
Genres of writing in nursing and health professions
Abstract (nursing and health professions)
Annotated bibliography (nursing and health professions)
Literature review (nursing and health professions)
Best practice paper (nursing and health professions)
Research proposal (nursing and health professions)
Case study or observation report (nursing and health professions)
Narrative, history, care and treatment plan, or clinical interview (nursing and health professions)
Reflection on learning (nursing and health professions)
Short-answer or descriptive response (nursing and health professions)
Poster presentation or health science talk (nursing and health professions)
Glossary of vocabulary in nursing and health professions
Practice activities (nursing and health professions)

A Guide to Professional Writing
Thinking like a professional writer
Questions professional writers ask
Kinds of evidence professional writers use
Ethics in professional communication
Researching professional writing
Strategies for researching professional writing
Distinguishing primary and secondary sources in professional writing
Reading professional communication journals and online sources
Using databases to find sources in professional writing
Finding books and other resources in professional writing
Evaluating online resources in professional writing
Reading the professional communication literature
Reading professional communication sources actively
Evaluating the strength of claims in professional writing
Reading theoretical articles in professional writing
Reading research articles in professional writing
Reading practice articles in professional writing
The process of writing papers, projects, and presentations in professional writing
Considering your purpose and audience in professional writing
Designing texts in professional writing
Using in-house and organizational style guides
Writing conventions in professional writing
Writing style in professional communication
Phrasing for clarity, concision, and directness in professional writing
Sentence structure in professional writing
Preparing visuals for professional writing
Vocabulary in professional writing
Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in professional writing
Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in professional writing
Quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing sources in professional writing
In-text citations in professional writing (APA style)
Reference list in professional writing (APA style)
Genres of professional writing
Technical or scientific report (professional writing)
Literature review (professional writing)
Manual or help system (professional writing)
Procedural document (professional writing)
Proposal (professional writing)
Abstract or summary (professional writing)
Memo or other correspondence (professional writing)
Presentation or poster (professional writing)
Website or multimodal document (professional writing)
Glossary of vocabulary in professional writing
References (professional writing)
Additional resources for professional writing
Practice activities (professional writing)

A Guide to Writing in Psychology
Thinking like a psychologist
Psychological science
Questions psychologists ask
Scientific ethics in psychology studies
Researching psychology
Finding sources in psychology
Psychology databases
Primary and secondary sources in psychology
Reading a psychology research study
The basic structure of a psychology article
Choosing your sources in psychology literature
Reading your sources actively in psychology
Detecting bias in psychology sources
Checklists for evaluating sources in psychology
Drawing on expert opinion in psychology
The process of writing papers and projects in psychology
Considering your purpose in writing in psychology
Understanding your audience and their needs in psychology
Checklist for assessing the writing situation in psychology
Considering the "So what?" question in writing in psychology
Organizing and drafting your psychology paper
Revising and editing your psychology paper
Four approaches to revising thesis statements in psychology
Writing conventions in psychology
Sentence structure (psychology)
Word choice (psychology)
Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in psychology
Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in psychology
Quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing psychology sources
In-text citations in psychology papers (APA style)
Reference section in psychology papers (APA style)
Presenting data in psychology papers (APA style)
Formatting psychology papers (APA style)
Genres of writing in psychology
Annotated bibliography (psychology)
Abstract (psychology)
Literature review (psychology)
Research proposal (psychology)
Institutional review board (IRB) application (psychology)
Research paper (psychology)
Lab report (psychology)
Case study (psychology)
Response paper (psychology)
Poster presentation (psychology)
Glossary of vocabulary in psychology
Practice activities (psychology)

A Guide to Writing in Science
Thinking like a scientist
Writing like a scientist
Questions scientists ask
Kinds of evidence scientists use
Distinguishing fact, opinion, and value in writing in science
Ethics in science writing
Researching science
Using databases to find research publications in science
Primary and secondary sources in science
Evaluating online resources in science
Reading the scientific literature
Actively reading a science textbook
The structure of a science paper
Actively reading science papers
The process of writing papers in science
Considering your purpose in writing in science
Understanding your audience and their needs in science
Organizing and drafting your science paper
Revising and editing your science paper
Writing conventions in science
Sentence structure (science)
Phrasing for clarity, concision, and directness (science)
Word choice (science)
Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in science
Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in science
Presenting data in science papers
CSE system for documenting sources in science writing
Genres of writing in science
Annotated bibliography, article summary, or abstract (science)
Literature review (science)
Lab report (science)
Research report (science)
Research proposal (science)
Lab notebook (science)
Short response and description (science)
Oral presentation (science)
Poster presentation (science)
Glossary of vocabulary in science
Additional resources for reading and writing in science
Practice activities (science)

Drafting and Revising
Planning a paper
Understanding an assignment
Assessing the writing situation
Checklist for assessing the writing situation
Subject
Purpose and audience
Academic, business, and public audiences
Genre
Length and document design
Reviewers and deadlines
Exploring the subject
Reading and annotating texts
Talking, listening, and observing
Brainstorming and listing ideas
Listing ideas (brainstorming): Samples
Freewriting
Gaining expert perspective
Keeping a journal and blogging
Asking questions
Drafting and revising a working thesis statement
Drafting a working thesis
Revising a working thesis
Five approaches to revising thesis statements
Drafting a plan
Sample informal outlines
Sample formal outlines
Planning an analysis essay
Key features of analysis essays
Exploring, drafting, revising, and presenting an analysis essay
Sample student writing: Analysis essays
Planning an annotated bibliography
Key features of annotated bibliographies
Exploring, drafting, revising, and presenting an annotated bibliography
Sample student writing: Annotated bibliography
Planning an argument essay
Key features of argument essays
Exploring, drafting, revising, and presenting an argument essay
Sample student writing: Argument essays
Planning a literacy narrative
Key features of literacy narratives
Exploring, drafting, revising, and presenting a literacy narrative
Sample student writing: Literacy narrative
Planning a reflective letter for a portfolio
Key features of reflective letters
Exploring, drafting, revising, and presenting a reflective letter
Sample student writing: Reflective letter
Drafting a paper
Drafting an introduction
Developing the thesis statement
Effective introductions
Drafting the body
Drafting a conclusion
Effective conclusions
Using software tools
Managing your files
Naming, saving, and sharing your files
Exercises: Planning and drafting (4)
Reviewing, revising, and editing
Effective peer reviews
The writer’s role in peer review
The reviewer’s role in peer review
Tips for reviewers and for writers
Revising with comments
Global revision: Revising in cycles
Checklist for global revision
Revising and editing sentences
Proofreading
Reflecting on your writing
Exercises: Reviewing and revising (2)
One student’s process of revision: Literacy narrative
Exploring the subject (literacy narrative)
Peer review of literacy narrative
Developing revision goals and revising the draft (literacy narrative)
Literacy narrative (MLA): Nguyen, “A Place to Begin”
Preparing a portfolio
Reflection and portfolios
Sample student writing: Reflective letter for a portfolio
Preparing a professional portfolio
Deciding on format (print vs. online)
Building effective paragraphs
Unifying paragraphs with topic sentences
Positioning the topic sentence
Developing the main point
Using paragraph patterns
Making paragraphs coherent
Linking ideas to the topic sentence
Repeating key words for coherence
Using parallel structures
Maintaining consistency
Using transitions between sentences
Using transitions between paragraphs
Managing paragraph length
Exercises: Paragraphs (3)
LearningCurve: Paragraphs (3)
Designing documents
Page layout and formatting
Page layout
Page formatting
Page elements
Text formatting
Line spacing
Paragraph indenting and spacing
Text alignment
Tabbed text
Font selection
Font styles
Headings
Phrasing and formatting headings
Lists
Using visuals
Using visuals
Choosing appropriate visuals
Placing and labeling visuals
Types of visuals to suit your purpose
Using visuals responsibly
Document design gallery
MLA essay format
MLA works cited page
APA title page
APA abstract page
APA essay format
APA list of references
Business report with a visual
Business letter in full block style
Résumé
Professional memo
Email message

Reading, Writing, and Speaking
Reading and analyzing written texts
Reading a written text actively
Reading a written text actively
Previewing a written text
Annotating a written text
Conversing with a written text
Asking the “So what?” question
Outlining a written text
Summarizing a written text
Analyzing a written text
Balancing summary with analysis for a written text
Drafting an analytical thesis statement for a written text
Analysis of an article (MLA): Sanchez, “Rethinking Big-Box Stores”
Video tutorials: Analytical essay
What is an analytical essay? (video+assessment)
How to read actively (video+assessment)
How to draft an analytical thesis statement (video+assessment)
How to balance summary and analysis (video+assessment)
LearningCurve: Critical reading (4)
Reading and analyzing multimodal texts
Reading a multimodal text actively
Previewing a multimodal text
Annotating a multimodal text
Sample annotated multimodal texts
Conversing with a multimodal text
Outlining a multimodal text
Summarizing a multimodal text
Analyzing a multimodal text
Balancing summary with analysis for a multimodal text
Drafting an analytical thesis statement for a multimodal text
Analysis of an advertisement (MLA): Yoshida, “Sometimes a Cup of Coffee Is Just a Cup of Coffee”
Reading arguments
Reasonable vs. fallacious arguments
Making generalizations (inductive reasoning)
Drawing analogies
Tracing causes and effects
Weighing options
Making assumptions
Deducing conclusions (deductive reasoning)
Legitimate vs. unfair emotional appeals
Evaluating appeals (ethos, logos, pathos) as a reader
Judging how a writer handles opposing views
Writing arguments
Placing an issue in context
Addressing skeptical audiences
Using appeals (ethos, logos, pathos) as a writer
Stating your position in your introduction
Backing up the thesis
Sample lines of argument: Using subclaims to support the thesis
Supporting claims with evidence
Facts and statistics as support for claims
Examples and illustrations as support for claims
Visuals as support for claims
Expert opinion as support for claims
Anticipating objections and countering opposing arguments
Building common ground
Argument paper (MLA): Jacobs, “From Lecture to Conversation: Redefining Whats Fit to Print”
Video tutorials: Researched argument
What is a researched argument? (video+assessment)
How to ask a research question (video+assessment)
How to develop an argumentative thesis (video+assessment)
How to address a counterargument (video+assessment)
Exercise: Argument (1)
LearningCurve: Argument (4)
Speaking confidently
Speaking with a sense of purpose, audience, and context
Developing a clear structure
Using visuals purposefully
Preparing to present with slides, from memory, or from a text
Rehearsing the presentation
Delivering the presentation
Being an audience member
Remixing a paper for a presentation

Researching
Managing a research project
Exploring the research topic
Writing a research proposal
Posing questions worth exploring
Developing focused, challenging, and grounded questions
Mapping out a search strategy
Tips for smart searching
Going beyond a Google search
Library searches
Database searches
Web searches
Citations, bibliographies, and literature reviews
Field research
Managing information responsibly
Avoiding plagiarism with careful note taking
Summarizing without plagiarizing
Paraphrasing without plagiarizing
Quoting without plagiarizing
Evaluating sources
Checklists for evaluating sources
Detecting unreliable and misleading sources
Functions of sources
Selecting articles in databases
Selecting books
Selecting web sources
Selecting versions of electronic sources
Reading sources critically
Creating an annotated bibliography
Video tutorials: Annotated bibliography
What is an annotated bibliography? (video+assessment)
How to enter a research conversation (video+assessment)
How to write an annotation: The language of summary and evaluation (video+assessment)
How to evaluate a source (video+assessment)
Exercise: Researching (1)

Documenting Sources: MLA Style
Forming and supporting a thesis (MLA)
Organizing your evidence (MLA)
Using sources for different purposes (MLA)
Avoiding plagiarism and integrating sources (MLA)
Quick help: Reviewing an MLA paper: Use of sources
Using quotation marks with borrowed language (MLA)
Using quotations appropriately (MLA)
Using the ellipsis mark to limit quoted material (MLA)
Using brackets to make quotations clear (MLA)
Indenting long quotations (MLA)
Summarizing and paraphrasing in your own words (MLA)
Using signal phrases to integrate sources (MLA)
Marking boundaries between your words and the source’s words (MLA)
Establishing authority (MLA)
Introducing summaries and paraphrases (MLA)
Putting direct quotations in context (MLA)
Integrating statistics and other facts (MLA)
Synthesizing sources (MLA)
Considering how sources relate to your argument (MLA)
Placing sources in conversation (MLA)
MLA in-text citations
Directory to MLA in-text citation models
Basic format for in-text citations (MLA)
Variations on authors (MLA in-text citations)
Variations on types and parts of works (MLA in-text citations)
Literary works and sacred texts (MLA in-text citations)
MLA list of works cited
Directory to MLA works cited models
General guidelines for the MLA works cited list
Quick help: MLA works cited
Authors and other contributors (MLA works cited)
Articles and other short works (MLA works cited)
Websites and parts of websites (MLA works cited)
Blogs, comments, social media (MLA works cited)
Books and book-length works (MLA works cited)
Video, audio, software, video games (MLA works cited)
TV, radio, performance, lecture, music (MLA works cited)
Visuals (artwork, photograph, graphics) (MLA works cited)
Letters and interviews (MLA works cited)
Government and legal documents (MLA works cited)
Citation at a glance and other models (MLA)
Citation at a glance and other models (MLA)
Citation at a glance: Article from a database (MLA)
Citation at a glance: Article in an online journal (MLA)
Citation at a glance: Book (MLA)
Citation at a glance: Selection from an anthology or a collection (MLA)
Citation at a glance: Work from a website (MLA)
How to answer the basic question “Who is the author?” (MLA)
How to cite a source reposted from another source (MLA)
Video tutorials: Citing sources (MLA)
MLA documentation style (video)
How to cite a book in MLA style (video+assessment)
How to cite an article in a database in MLA style (video+assessment)
How to cite an online article in MLA style (video+assessment)
How to cite a selection from an anthology in MLA style (video+assessment)
How to cite a work from a Web site in MLA style (video+assessment)
How to format a paper in MLA style (video)
MLA information notes (optional)
Formatting an MLA research paper; sample student writing
MLA guidelines, body of paper
MLA guidelines, works cited list
Research paper (MLA): Harba, “What’s for Dinner? Personal Choices vs. Public Health”
Directory to sample student writing in MLA style
Exercises: MLA documentation (15)
LearningCurve: Working with sources (MLA)

Documenting Sources: APA Style
Forming and supporting a thesis (APA)
Organizing your evidence (APA)
Using sources for different purposes (APA)
Avoiding plagiarism and integrating sources (APA)
Quick help: Reviewing an APA paper: Use of sources
Using quotation marks with borrowed language (APA)
Using quotations appropriately (APA)
Using quotations appropriately (APA)
Using the ellipsis mark to limit quoted material (APA)
Using brackets to make quotations clear (APA)
Indenting long quotations (APA)
Summarizing and paraphrasing in your own words (APA)
Using signal phrases to integrate sources (APA)
Marking boundaries between your words and the source’s words (APA)
Introducing summaries and paraphrases (APA)
Putting direct quotations in context (APA)
Integrating statistics and other facts (APA)
Synthesizing sources (APA)
APA in-text citations
Directory to APA in-text citation models
Basic format for in-text citations (APA)
Multiple works (APA in-text citations)
Web sources (APA in-text citations)
Other sources (APA in-text citations)
APA list of references
Directory to APA reference list models
General guidelines for the APA reference list
Quick help: APA reference list
Authors and other contributors (APA reference list)
Articles and other short works (APA reference list)
Websites and parts of websites (APA reference list)
Books and book-length works (APA reference list)
Audio, visual, and multimedia sources (APA reference list)
Visuals (artwork, photograph, graphic, data set) (APA reference list)
Personal communication and social media (APA reference list)
Citation at a glance (APA style)
Citation at a glance: Article in an online journal or magazine (APA)
Citation at a glance: Article from a database (APA)
Citation at a glance: Book (APA)
Citation at a glance: Section in a web document (APA)
Video tutorials: Citing sources (APA)
APA documentation style (video)
How to cite an article in a database in APA style (video+assessment)
How to cite a book in APA style (video+assessment)
How to cite an online article in APA style (video+assessment)
How to cite a web document in APA style (video+assessment)
Formatting an APA paper; sample student writing
APA guidelines, body of paper
APA guidelines, reference list
Review of the literature (APA): Wang, "Technology and the Shift From Teacher-Delivered to Student-Centered Learning"
Directory to sample student writing in APA style
Exercises: APA documentation (17)
LearningCurve: Working with sources (APA)

Documenting Sources: Chicago Style
Forming and supporting a thesis (Chicago)
Organizing your evidence (Chicago)
Using sources for different purposes (Chicago)
Avoiding plagiarism and integrating quotations (Chicago)
Quick help: Reviewing a Chicago paper: Use of sources
Using quotation marks with borrowed language (Chicago)
Using quotations appropriately (Chicago)
Using the ellipsis mark to limit quoted material (Chicago)
Using brackets to make quotations clear (Chicago)
Indenting long quotations (Chicago)
Summarizing and paraphrasing in your own words (Chicago)
Using signal phrases to integrate sources (Chicago)
Marking boundaries between your words and the source’s words (Chicago)
Introducing summaries and paraphrases (Chicago)
Putting direct quotations in context (Chicago)
Integrating statistics and other facts (Chicago)
Chicago notes and bibliography
Directory to Chicago notes and bibliography entries
General guidelines for Chicago notes and bibliography entries
Quick help: Chicago notes and bibliography entries
Authors and other contributors (Chicago style)
Books and book-length works (Chicago style)
Articles and other short works (Chicago style)
Websites and parts of websites (Chicago style)
Audio, visual, and multimedia sources (Chicago style)
Personal communication and social media (Chicago style)
Citation at a glance (Chicago)
Citation at a glance (Chicago)
Citation at a glance: Article in an online journal (Chicago)
Citation at a glance: Article from a database (Chicago)
Citation at a glance: Book (Chicago)
Citation at a glance: Letter in a published collection (Chicago)
Citation at a glance: Primary source from a website (Chicago)
Formatting a Chicago paper; sample student writing
Chicago guidelines, body of paper
Chicago guidelines, endnotes
Chicago guidelines, bibliography
Research paper (Chicago): Bishop, “The Massacre at Fort Pillow: Nathan Bedford Forrest”
Directory to sample student writing in Chicago style
Exercises: Chicago documentation (18)

Documenting Sources: CSE Style
CSE in-text citations
CSE reference list
Directory to CSE reference list models
Basic guidelines for CSE style
Articles and other short works (CSE)
Books, other long works, and parts of books (CSE)
Online, audio, visual, and multimedia sources (CSE)
Formatting a CSE paper; sample student writing
CSE guidelines, body of paper
CSE guidelines, reference list
Directory to sample student writing in CSE style

Documenting Sources: IEEE Style
IEEE in-text citations
IEEE reference list
IEEE reference list: Basic formatting guidelines
IEEE reference list: Examples

Writing Strong Sentences
Sentence emphasis (coordination and subordination)
Coordination
Ineffective coordination
Subordination
Ineffective subordination
Combining choppy sentences
Special techniques for emphasis
Sentence variety
Exercises: Sentence emphasis (7)
LearningCurve: Coordination and subordination (1)
Strong, active verbs
Quick help: Strong, active verbs
Strong, active verbs: Overview
Using the active voice
Appropriate uses of the passive voice
be verbs
Exercises: Active and passive voice (4)
LearningCurve: Active and passive voice (1)
Parallelism
Quick help: Parallelism
Parallelism: Overview
Parallel ideas in a series
Parallel ideas in headings and lists
Parallel ideas in pairs
Repeating function words to clarify parallels
Exercises: Parallelism (4)
LearningCurve: Parallelism (1)
Using needed words
Quick help: Needed words
Complete compound structures
Using that to avoid misreading
Making comparisons logical and complete
Exercises: Needed words (3)

Avoiding Sentence Problems
Sentence fragments
Quick help: Sentence fragments
Sentence fragments: Overview
Test for sentence fragments
Fragmented clauses
Fragmented phrases
Fragmented lists and examples
Using fragments deliberately
Exercises: Sentence fragments (3)
LearningCurve: Sentence fragments (1)
Run-on sentences
Quick help: Run-on sentences
Run-on sentences: Overview
Recognizing run-on sentences
Revising run-on sentences
Fixing a run-on by adding a coordinating conjunction or punctuation
Fixing a run-on by creating separate sentences
Fixing a run-on by subordination
Exercises: Run-on sentences (3)
LearningCurve: Run-on sentences (1)
Awkward modifiers
Quick help: Awkward modifiers
Placement of limiting modifiers
Placement of modifying phrases and clauses
Ambiguous (squinting) modifiers
Awkwardly placed modifiers
Split infinitives
Exercises: Awkward modifiers (3)
Dangling modifiers
Quick help: Recognizing dangling modifiers
Quick help: Repairing dangling modifiers
Recognizing dangling modifiers
Repairing dangling modifiers
Exercises: Dangling modifiers (3)
LearningCurve: Modifiers (1)
Shifts
Quick help: Shifts
Shifts in point of view
Shifts in verb tense, mood, and voice
Shifts from indirect to direct questions and quotations
Exercises: Shifts (6)
LearningCurve: Shifts (1)
Mixed constructions
Mixed grammatical structure
Mixed sentence logic
Avoiding is when, is where, and reason . . . is because
Exercises: Mixed constructions (3)

Writing Correct Sentences
Subject-verb agreement
Quick help: Subject-verb agreement
Standard subject-verb combinations
Subject-verb agreement at a glance
Agreement with subject, not with intervening words (subject-verb)
Agreement when subjects are joined with and (subject-verb)
Agreement when subjects are joined with or or nor (subject-verb)
Agreement with indefinite pronouns (subject-verb)
Agreement with collective nouns (subject-verb)
Agreement with the number, a number, fractions, and units of measure
Agreement when the subject follows the verb
Agreement with subject, not with words following verb
Agreement with antecedents of who, which, and that (subject-verb)
Agreement with miscellaneous terms (subject-verb)
Exercises: Subject-verb agreement (4)
LearningCurve: Subject-verb agreement (1)
Verbs
Quick help: Verbs
Survey of verb tenses (active voice)
Simple tenses
Perfect tenses
Progressive forms
Forms of regular and irregular verbs
Common irregular verbs
Past tense vs. past participle of irregular verbs
-s verb endings
-ed verb endings
Omitted verbs
Special uses of tenses
Special uses of the past perfect tense
Sequence of tenses
Subjunctive mood
Exercises: Verbs (9)
LearningCurve: Verbs (1)
Pronoun agreement and reference
Quick help: Pronoun agreement and reference
Pronoun-antecedent agreement
Agreement with indefinite pronouns (pronoun-antecedent)
Agreement with generic nouns (pronoun-antecedent)
Agreement with collective nouns (pronoun-antecedent)
Agreement with compound antecedents
Pronoun reference
Ambiguous and implied pronoun reference
Broad reference of this, that, which, and it
Indefinite reference of they, it, or you
Exercises: Pronoun agreement and reference (6)
LearningCurve: Pronoun agreement and pronoun reference (1)
Pronoun case (I vs. me, who vs. whom)
Quick help: Pronoun case
Pronoun case: I vs. me, they vs. them, who vs. whom, etc.
Pronoun case with compound word groups
Miscellaneous uses of pronoun case
who and whom
who and whom in subordinate clauses
who vs. whom in questions and with infinitives
Exercises: Pronoun case (7)
Using adjectives and adverbs appropriately
Quick help: Adjectives and adverbs
Adjectives and adverbs: Overview
Using adjectives to modify nouns
Using adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs
good vs. well, bad vs. badly
Comparatives and superlatives
Double comparatives or superlatives, absolute concepts
Double negatives
Exercises: Adjectives and adverbs (3)

Choosing Words Appropriately
Concise sentences
Quick help: Concise language
Avoiding redundancy and repetition
Cutting empty or inflated phrases
Simplifying sentence structure
Exercises: Wordy sentences (3)
Appropriate language
Quick help: Appropriate language
Avoiding jargon
Avoiding pretentious language, euphemisms, and "doublespeak"
Avoiding slang and regional expressions
Observing the distinction between standard and nonstandard English
Using an appropriate level of formality
Recognizing sexist and noninclusive language
Revising sexist and noninclusive language
Avoiding offensive language
Exercises: Appropriate language (5)
LearningCurve: Appropriate language (1)
Exact Language
Quick help: Exact language
Using words with proper connotation and meaning
Specific, concrete nouns
Standard idioms
Clichés
Figurative language
Consulting the dictionary and thesaurus
Understanding dictionary entries and labels
Using the thesaurus
Exercises: Exact language (6)

Using Punctuation Effectively
Commas
Quick help: Commas
The comma: Overview
Comma before a coordinating conjunction
Comma after introductory phrase or clause
Commas with items in a series (list)
Comma between coordinate adjectives
Commas and restrictive and nonrestrictive elements: Overview
Distinguishing between restrictive and nonrestrictive from context
Commas with adjective clauses
Commas with adjective phrases
Commas with appositives
Commas with transitional expressions
Commas with absolute phrases
Miscellaneous uses of commas
Exercises: Commas (10)
LearningCurve: Commas (1)
Unnecessary commas
Quick help: Unnecessary commas
No comma between some compound elements
No comma between a verb and its subject or object
No comma between cumulative adjectives
No commas with restrictive (essential) elements
No comma with an essential concluding adverb clause
Other unnecessary commas
Exercises: Unnecessary commas (3)
Semicolons
Quick help: Semicolons
Semicolon between independent clauses
Semicolon with transitional expression
Semicolons between items in a series
Unnecessary semicolons
Exercises: Semicolons and commas (3)
LearningCurve: Semicolons and colons (1)
Colons
Quick help: Colons
Colon to introduce a list or other concluding element
Colon between independent clauses
Conventional uses of the colon
Unnecessary colons
Exercises: Colons, semicolons, and commas (2)
Apostrophes
Quick help: Apostrophes
Apostrophe in possessives
Apostrophe in contractions
Apostrophe: Special cases
Common misuses of the apostrophe
Exercises: Apostrophes (3)
LearningCurve: Apostrophes (1)
Quotation marks
Quick help: Quotation marks
Quotation marks with direct quotations and dialogue
Long quotations in academic writing
Miscellaneous uses of quotation marks
Quotation marks with other punctuation
Introducing quoted material
Misuses of quotation marks
Exercises: Quotation marks (2)
LearningCurve: Quotation marks and italics (1)
Other punctuation marks
The period
The question mark
The exclamation point
The dash
Parentheses
Brackets
The ellipsis mark
The slash
Exercises: Miscellaneous punctuation marks (3)

Mechanics
Spelling
Spelling words correctly
Spelling rules
Words that sound alike but have different spellings (homophones)
Exercise: Spelling (1)
Hyphens
Using hyphens
Miscellaneous uses of hyphens
Exercises: Hyphens (2)
Capitalization
Capitalizing proper nouns and abbreviations
Capitalizing personal titles
Capitalizing titles and subtitles of works
Capitalizing scientific and technical terms
Capitalization and sentences
Exercises: Capitalization (2)
LearningCurve: Capitalization (1)
Abbreviations
Abbreviations for titles with proper names
Abbreviations for organizations and other common terms
Abbreviations for units of measurement and scientific terms
Miscellaneous uses of abbreviations
Misuses of abbreviations
Exercises: Abbreviations (2)
Numbers
Spelling out numbers
Acceptable uses of numerals
Exercises: Numbers (2)
Italics
Titles that are italicized
Titles that are not italicized
Miscellaneous uses of italics
Exercises: Italics (2)
Basic Grammar and ESL Topics
Parts of speech
Parts of speech
Parts of speech: Nouns
Parts of speech: Pronouns
Parts of speech: Verbs
Parts of speech: Adjectives and articles
Parts of speech: Adverbs
Parts of speech: Prepositions
Parts of speech: Conjunctions
Parts of speech: Interjections
Exercises: Parts of speech (19)
LearningCurve: Parts of speech (3)

Parts of sentences
Subjects
Verbs, objects, and complements
Exercises: Parts of sentences (9)
Subordinate words groups
Prepositional phrases
Verbal phrases
Appositive phrases and absolute phrases
Subordinate clauses
Sentence structures and purposes
Exercises: Subordinate word groups (12)
Articles for multilingual writers
Quick help: Articles
Articles and other noun markers
Types of articles and types of nouns
Types of nouns
Choosing articles for common nouns
Using the with most specific common nouns
Using a (or an) with common singular count nouns
When to use articles and quantifiers with noncount nouns
Not using articles with general nouns
Articles with proper nouns
Exercises: Articles for multilingual writers (4)
LearningCurve: Articles and types of nouns (1)
Verbs for multilingual writers
Quick help: Verbs for multilingual writers
Verb form and tense
Survey of tenses for multilingual writers
Base form after a modal
Forming the passive voice
Verb tenses commonly used in the passive voice
Negative verb forms
Avoiding double negatives
Verbs in conditional sentences
Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives
Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives
Verb + gerund or infinitive
Verb + gerund
Verb + infinitive
Verb + noun or pronoun + infinitive
Exercises: Verbs for multilingual writers (9)
LearningCurve: Verbs for multilingual writers (1)
Adjectives for multilingual writers
Quick help: Adjectives for multilingual writers
Present participles and past participles used as adjectives
Order of cumulative adjectives
Exercises: Adjectives for multilingual writers (4)
Prepositions and idioms for multilingual writers
Quick help: Prepositions and idiomatic expressi

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