Adult Development and Aging

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ISBN: 9780070487567 | 0070487561
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/1/1996

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Papalia's Adult Development and Aging delivers the most current research findings in the field while providing a clear and concise writing style praised by students and instructors. The Third Edition provides a positive perspective on adult development and aging, enhanced by strong multicultural and diversity coverage. The Third Edition includes new content on younger and middle-aged adults, providing a better balance between adulthood and aging.

List of Boxes

Preface

xiii

To The Student

xvii

PART ONE EXPLORING THE WORLD OF ADULTHOOD

(74)

Adult Development and Aging in A Changing World

(34)

Focus

(2)

Betty Friedan

Approaching the Study of Adult Development and Aging: An Overview

(4)

What is Adult Development?

How the Study of Adult Development and Aging Evolved

A Lifespan Developmental Approach

Basic Concepts

(9)

Aspects of Development

Periods of Adulthood

Meanings of Age

Influences on the Course of Adult Development and Aging

Changing Images and Realities of Aging

(15)

Cultural Views of Aging

The Shifting Demographics of Aging

The Aging Population: A Profile of Diversity

Challenges and Dilemmas of a Graying World

New Roles for Older Adults

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(2)

Metatheoretical Perspectives and Research Methods

(39)

Focus

(2)

Erik H. Erikson

Metatheories

(7)

Three Metatheories: Mechanistic, Organismic, and Contextual

Applying Metatheories

Basic Research Methods

(8)

Sampling

Data Collection

Basic Research Designs

(7)

Case Studies

Correlational Studies

Experiments

Quasi-Experimental Designs: The Problem of Internal Validity

(7)

Cross-Sectional Studies

Longitudinal Studies

Time-Lag Studies

Sequential Designs

Ethics of Research

(3)

Summary

(2)

Key Terms

(2)

PART TWO THE WORLDS OF BODY AND MIND

(204)

Longevity and Physiological Aging

(38)

Focus

(2)

Martha Graham

Lifespan and the Aging Process

(11)

Trends in Life Expectancy

How Far Can the Human Lifespan Be Extended?

Quality versus Quantity of Life

Theories of Biological Aging

Predicting Individual Longevity

Physical Appearance

(2)

Sensorimotor Functioning

(12)

Vision

Hearing

Taste and Smell

Touch, Pain, and Temperature

Motor Functions

Sexual and Reproductive Functioning

104

(8)

The Female Reproductive System

The Male Reproductive System

Sexuality and Aging

Summary

112

(1)

Key Terms

113

(1)

Health and Body Systems

114

(44)

Focus

115

(4)

Stephen Hawking

Health and Aging: A Lifespan Developmental Approach

119

(4)

Changes in Body Systems

123

(13)

Skeletal System

Cardiovascular System

Respiratory System

Immune System

Neurological System

``Dread Diseases'' of Aging

136

(7)

Alzheimer's Disease

Cancer: A Disorder of Many Systems

Indirect Influences on Health

143

(4)

Age and Gender

Socioeconomic Status, Race, and Ethnicity

Relationships

Factors in Maintaining and Improving Health

147

(7)

Harmful Substances

Stress

Diet

Dental Care

Exercise

Summary

154

(3)

Key Terms

157

(1)

Memory

158

(40)

Focus

159

(2)

Laurence Olivier

Studying Memory Systems

161

(1)

Information-Processing Approach: Software of Memory

162

(14)

Processes: Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval

``Storehouses'': Sensory, Short-Term, and Long-Term

Aging and Long-Term Memory: Stability or Decline?

Summing Up: Memory and Age

Biological Approach: Hardware of Memory

176

(6)

Structures Controlling Conscious Memory

Structures Controlling Unconscious Memory

New Directions for Research

182

(1)

Aspects of Memory and Forgetting in Adulthood

183

(11)

Intrusion Errors: Remembering What Did Not Happen

Prospective Memory: Remembering to Do Something

Production Deficiencies in Strategies for Remembering

Metamemory: The View from Within

Mnemonics: Making the Most of Changing Memory

Forgetting and Its Surprising Benefits

Summary

194

(2)

Key Terms

196

(2)

Intelligence and Creativity

198

(42)

Focus

199

(2)

Akira Kurosawa

Intelligence and Its Measurement: The Psychometric Approach

201

(9)

What Is Intelligence?

Intelligence Tests and Scores

Tests and Cultural Bias

Influences on Older Adults' Test Performance

Psychometric Testing: A Preliminary Evaluation

Intellectual Development in Adulthood: Basic Issues

210

(17)

Is Intelligence One Ability or Many?

Does Intelligence Grow or Decline during Adulthood?

Do Changes in Intelligence Vary?

Does Intelligence Show Plasticity?

Summing Up: Intelligence and Age

Creativity

227

(10)

What Is Creativity?

Studying and Measuring Creativity

Creativity and Age

Summary

237

(2)

Key Terms

239

(1)

Mature Thought, Wisdom, and Moral Intelligence

240

(39)

FOCUS

241

(2)

Nelson Mandela

The Role of Experience

243

(5)

Applying Expertise

Solving Everyday Problems

Thinking Integratively

Postformal Thought: Beyond Piaget's Stages

248

(6)

How Postformal Thought Develops

Social Reasoning and Postformal Thought

Cultural Change and Postformal Thought

Criteria for Postformal Thought

A Lifespan Model of Cognitive Development

254

(1)

Wisdom

255

(10)

Wisdom in Folklore, Myth, and Philosophy

Psychological Concepts and Assessments

Summing Up: Wisdom and Age

Moral Development

265

(9)

Kohlberg's Theory: Moral Reasoning

Gilligan's Theory: Gender and Postformal Morality

Evaluating Kohlberg's and Gilligan's Theories

Intelligence, Creativity, Wisdom, and Moral Development: A Last Word

274

(2)

Summary

276

(2)

Key Terms

278

(1)

PART THREE THE SOCIAL WORLD

279

(122)

Education, Work, Leisure, and Retirement

280

(40)

FOCUS

281

(3)

Jimmy Carter

Education

284

(5)

College

Lifelong Learning

Adult Illiteracy

Work and Leisure

289

(15)

Vocational Choice and Career Development

Changing Occupational Patterns

Age and Job Performance

Occupational Stress

Unemployment

Work, Leisure, and Intellectual Growth

Retirement and Other Late-Life Options

304

(14)

To Retire or Not to Retire

Financing Retirement

Preparing for Retirement

How Do Retired People Use Their Time?

How Does Retirement Affect Well-Being?

How Does Retirement Affect Society?

Summary

318

(1)

Key Terms

319

(1)

Intimate Relationships and Lifestyles

320

(40)

FOCUS

321

(2)

Louise Erdrich

Michael Dorris

Foundations of Intimate Relationships

323

(6)

Friendship

Love

Sexuality

Nonmarital Lifestyle

329

(3)

Single Life

Homosexual Relationships

Cohabitation

Marital and Postmarital Lifestyles

332

(11)

Marriage

Divorce and Remarriage

What Makes Marriages Succeed?

Family Life

343

(13)

Changing Family Structures

Parenthood Today

Parenthood as a Developmental Experience

When Children Leave: The ``Empty Nest''

Parenthood, Role Changes, and Marital Satisfaction

Remaining Childless

Summary

356

(2)

Key Terms

358

(2)

Mature Kinship Ties and Living Arrangements

360

(41)

FOCUS

361

(2)

Marian Anderson

The Adult Family: Changing Roles and Relationships

363

(9)

Young Adult Children and Middle-Aged Parents

Middle-Aged Children and Elderly Parents

Siblings

Multigenerational Late-Life Families

Grandparenthood and Great-Grandparenthood

372

(8)

The Grandparent's Role

The Great-Grandparent's Role

Raising Grandchildren and Great-Grandchildren

Living Arrangements, Caregiving, and Community Support

380

(17)

Adult Children at Home: The Not-So-Empty Nest

Living Arrangements for Older Adults

Family Caregiving

Care of the Old-Old: An International Perspective

Summary

397

(2)

Key Terms

399

(2)

PART FOUR THE WORLD WITHIN

401

(126)

Personality Development

402

(42)

FOCUS

403

(2)

Eva Peron

Defining and Studying Personality

405

(5)

What Is Personality?

Measuring Personality

Origins of Personality: Inheritance and Experience

Models of Adult Personality: Stability or Change

410

(19)

Trait Models

Self-Concept Models

Stage Models

The Timing-of-Events Model

Gender and Personality

429

(11)

Gender Stereotypes, Gender Roles, and Gender Identity

Women's Personality Development: The Mills Studies

Synthesizing Approaches to Adult Personality Development

440

(1)

Summary

441

(2)

Key Terms

443

(1)

Mental Health, Coping, and Adjustment to Aging

444

(42)

FOCUS

445

(3)

Arthur Ashe

Models of Coping

448

(7)

Environmental Models

Behavioral Models

Coping-Style Models

Cognitive-Appraisal Model

``Successful Aging''

455

(8)

Normative Models

Balance Models

Laypeople's Views about Successful Aging

Destructive Behavior Patterns

463

(9)

Substance Use Disorders

Partner Abuse

Child Abuse and Neglect

Abuse of the Elderly

Mental Health in Late Life: A Lifespan Developmental Approach

472

(11)

Mental Health and Life Satisfaction

Mental Disorders

Assessing Strengths

Summary

483

(2)

Key Terms

485

(1)

Dealing With Death and Bereavement

486

(41)

FOCUS

487

(2)

Louisa May Alcott

Changing Perspectives on Death and Dying

489

(3)

Biological, Social, and Psychological Aspects of Death

The Study of Death: Thanatology and Death Education

Hospice Care

Facing Death

492

(11)

Attitudes toward Death and Dying

Approaching Death

Facing Bereavement

503

(11)

Forms and Patterns of Grief

Surviving a Spouse

Losing a Parent

Losing a Child

Controversial Issues

514

(7)

Suicide

Euthanasia

Finding Meaning and Purpose in Life and Death

521

(3)

Reviewing a Life

Overcoming Fear of Death

Development: A Lifelong Process

Summary

524

(1)

Key Terms

525

(2)

Glossary

527

(10)

Bibliography

537

(46)

Acknowledgments

583

(4)

Name Index

587

(12)

Subject Index

599

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Adult Development and Aging

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials