Advanced Cardiac Life Support A Guide for Nurses

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ISBN: 9781405185660 | 140518566X
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 10/19/2009

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In the event of an adult cardiac arrest, it is essential to be able to respond rapidly, providing safe and effective care. This new and updated edition of Advanced Cardiac Life Support provides the theoretical background to resuscitation as well as explaining the essential resuscitation skills required to manage an adult cardiac arrest- from the time it occurs until subsequent transfer to the ICU. The emphasis is on the prevention of cardiac arrest with detailed information on the management of peri-arrest arrhythmias and acute coronary syndromes. Advanced Cardiac Life Support also discussed ethical and legal issues, record keeping, dealing with bereavement, audit, equipment and training- providing an essential quick reference tool for nurses and health care professionals. An evidence-based approach to emergency care based on the latest Resuscitation guidelines A succinct yet comprehensive guide to the management of cardiac arrest Written by an experienced resuscitation training offer who is also a qualified nurse and former CCU Charge Nurse

Acknowledgements	p. xi
Resuscitation Service: An Overview	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Learning outcomes	p. 1
Concept of the chain of survival	p. 1
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Standards for Clinical Practice and Training	p. 3
Role of the Resuscitation Council (UK)	p. 8
Principles of safer handling during CPR	p. 9
Chapter summary	p. 12
Resuscitation Equipment	p. 13
Introduction	p. 13
Learning outcomes	p. 13
Recommended minimum equipment for the management of an adult cardiac arrest	p. 14
Routine checking of resuscitation equipment	p. 17
Checking resuscitation equipment following use	p. 18
Chapter summary	p. 18
Recognition and Treatment of the Critically Ill Patient	p. 20
Introduction	p. 20
Learning outcomes	p. 20
Prevention of in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest	p. 21
Clinical signs of critical illness	p. 24
Early warning scores and calling criteria	p. 24
Role of outreach and medical emergency teams	p. 29
Assessment and emergency treatment of the critically ill patient	p. 31
Chapter summary	p. 43
Principles of Cardiac Monitoring and ECG Recognition	p. 47
Introduction	p. 47
Learning outcomes	p. 47
The conduction system of the heart	p. 48
The ECG and its relation to cardiac contraction	p. 49
Methods of cardiac monitoring	p. 49
Problems encountered with cardiac monitoring	p. 51
Systematic approach to ECG interpretation	p. 52
Cardiac arrhythmias associated with cardiac arrest	p. 56
Peri-arrest arrhythmias	p. 58
Chapter summary	p. 62
Bystander Basic Life Support	p. 64
Introduction	p. 64
Learning outcomes	p. 64
Potential hazards when attempting BLS	p. 65
Initial assessment and sequence of actions in bystander BLS	p. 66
Principles of chest compressions	p. 70
Principles of mouth-to-mouth ventilation	p. 73
The recovery position	p. 77
Treatment for foreign body airway obstruction	p. 81
Chapter summary	p. 85
Airway Management and Ventilation	p. 88
Introduction	p. 88
Learning outcomes	p. 88
Causes of airway obstruction	p. 89
Recognition of airway obstruction	p. 89
Simple techniques to open and clear the airway	p. 90
Use of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways	p. 94
Insertion of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA)	p. 102
Insertion of the combitube	p. 106
Procedure for application of cricoid pressure	p. 107
Principles of tracheal intubation	p. 111
Methods for ventilation	p. 116
Chapter summary	p. 121
Defibrillation and Electrical Cardioversion	p. 124
Introduction	p. 124
Learning objectives	p. 125
Ventricular fibrillation	p. 125
Physiology of defibrillation	p. 126
Factors affecting successful defibrillation	p. 127
Safety issues and defibrillation	p. 132
Procedure for manual defibrillation	p. 134
Procedure for automated external defibrillation	p. 138
Synchronised electrical cardioversion	p. 140
New technological advances in defibrillation	p. 143
Chapter summary	p. 144
Advanced Life Support	p. 147
Introduction	p. 147
Learning objectives	p. 147
Background to the Resuscitation Council (UK) ALS algorithm	p. 148
Overview of the ALS algorithm	p. 149
Chest compressions	p. 160
Precordial thump	p. 165
Reversible causes	p. 167
Drug delivery routes	p. 170
Resuscitation drugs	p. 172
Use of pre-filled syringes	p. 174
Principles of external pacing	p. 176
Chapter summary	p. 179
Resuscitation in Special Situations	p. 182
Introduction	p. 182
Learning outcomes	p. 182
Life-threatening electrolyte abnormalities	p. 183
Hypothermia	p. 186
Drowning	p. 189
Acute severe asthma	p. 191
Electrocution	p. 195
Pregnancy	p. 197
Poisoning	p. 199
Trauma	p. 202
Cardiovascular collapse or cardiac arrest caused by local anaesthetic	p. 203
Chapter summary	p. 204
Anaphylaxis	p. 209
Introduction	p. 209
Learning outcomes	p. 209
Definition	p. 209
Incidence	p. 210
Pathophysiology	p. 211
Causes	p. 211
Clinical features and diagnosis	p. 211
Treatment of anaphylaxis	p. 213
Chapter summary	p. 217
Acute Coronary Syndromes	p. 219
Introduction	p. 219
Learning outcomes	p. 219
Pathogenesis of ACS	p. 219
Classification of ACS	p. 220
Diagnosis of ACS	p. 221
Immediate treatment of ACS	p. 228
Chapter summary	p. 232
Management of Peri-Arrest Arrhythmias	p. 234
Introduction	p. 234
Learning outcomes	p. 234
Principles of the use of the peri-arrest algorithms	p. 235
Adverse clinical signs associated with peri-arrest arrhythmias	p. 235
Management of bradycardia	p. 236
Management of a tachycardia	p. 238
Chapter summary	p. 242
Post-Resuscitation Care	p. 244
Introduction	p. 244
Learning objectives	p. 244
Goals of post-resuscitation care	p. 245
Initial assessment priorities	p. 245
Transfer to definitive care	p. 253
Measures to limit damage to vital organs	p. 254
Temperature control and therapeutic hypothermia	p. 257
Prediction of poor outcome	p. 262
Chapter summary	p. 263
Bereavement	p. 266
Introduction	p. 266
Learning objectives	p. 266
Ideal layout for the relatives room	p. 266
Breaking bad news	p. 267
Telephone notification of relatives	p. 268
Practical arrangements following a death	p. 269
Relatives witnessing resuscitation	p. 270
Chapter summary	p. 272
Ethical Issues in Resuscitation	p. 273
Introduction	p. 273
Learning outcomes	p. 274
Ethical principles that guide medical practice	p. 274
Historical background to DNAR decisions	p. 275
Importance of DNAR decisions	p. 277
Key messages in Decisions Relating to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation	p. 278
Overview of the DNAR decision-making process	p. 279
Factors underpinning DNAR decisions	p. 279
Documentation of DNAR decisions	p. 286
Information for patients and relatives	p. 287
Chapter summary	p. 288
Resuscitation Records	p. 291
Introduction	p. 291
Learning outcomes	p. 291
Why maintaining accurate resuscitation records is important	p. 291
Examples of poor record keeping	p. 292
Factors underpinning effective record keeping	p. 292
Importance of auditing resuscitation records	p. 294
Legal issues associated with record keeping	p. 294
Audit and reporting standards	p. 295
Chapter summary	p. 296
Resuscitation Training	p. 297
Introduction	p. 297
Learning outcomes	p. 297
Why resuscitation training is important	p. 298
Principles of adult learning	p. 298
Resuscitation training methods	p. 299
Recommendations for resuscitation training for healthcare staff	p. 302
Training mannequins/models	p. 304
Resuscitation Council (UK) courses	p. 304
Chapter summary	p. 306
Index	p. 309
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Advanced Cardiac Life Support A Guide for Nurses

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Advanced Cardiac Life Support A Guide for Nurses

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Author Biography

Table of Contents

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