Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics

, by Bejan, Adrian

Write a Review

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780471677635 | 0471677639
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 8/18/2006

Rent

(Recommended)

$144.82

Term

Due

Price

Short Term

Jan 5

$137.20

Semester

Jan 4

$152.44

Quarter

Dec 18

$144.82

*This item is part of an exclusive publisher rental program and requires an additional convenience fee. This fee will be reflected in the shopping bag.
Buy New

Currently Available, Usually Ships in 24-48 Hours

$195.16

Summary

Author Biography

Supplemental Materials

* Brilliant, original illustrations, plus hundreds of classic and contemporary references

PREFACE

xix

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

xxiii

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION

xxvii

SYMBOLS

xxxi

1 THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

(43)

1.1 Elements of Thermodynamics Terminology,

(3)

1.2 The First Law for Closed Systems,

(4)

1.3 Work Transfer,

(5)

1.4 Heat Transfer,

(4)

1.5 Energy Change,

(3)

1.6 The First Law for Open Systems,

(6)

1.7 Historical Background,

(8)

1.8 The Structured Presentation of the First Law,

(3)

1.8.1 Poincaré's Scheme,

(2)

1.8.2 Carathéodory's Scheme,

(1)

1.8.3 Keenan and Shapiro's Second Scheme,

(1)

References,

(2)

Problems,

(5)

2 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

(57)

2.1 The Second Law for Closed Systems,

(16)

2.1.1 Cycle in Contact with One Temperature Reservoir,

(1)

2.1.2 Cycle in Contact with Two Temperature Reservoirs,

(9)

2.1.3 Cycle in Contact with Any Number of Temperature Reservoirs,

(2)

2.1.4 Process in Contact with Any Number of Temperature Reservoirs,

(3)

2.2 The Second Law for Open Systems,

(2)

2.3 The Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Model,

(3)

2.4 The Entropy Maximum and Energy Minimum Principles,

(5)

2.5 Carathéodory's Two Axioms,

(11)

2.5.1 Reversible and Adiabatic Surfaces,

(4)

2.5.2 Entropy,

(4)

2.5.3 Thermodynamic Temperature,

(1)

2.5.4 The Two Parts of the Second Law,

(1)

2.6 A Heat Transfer Man's Two Axioms,

(7)

2.7 Historical Background,

(1)

References,

(2)

Problems,

(10)

3 ENTROPY GENERATION, OR EXERGY DESTRUCTION

101

(44)

3.1 Lost Available Work,

102

(7)

3.2 Cycles,

109

(7)

3.2.1 Heat-Engine Cycles,

109

(2)

3.2.2 Refrigeration Cycles,

111

(3)

3.2.3 Heat-Pump Cycles,

114

(2)

3.3 Nonflow Processes,

116

(4)

3.4 Steady-Flow Processes,

120

(6)

3.5 Mechanisms of Entropy Generation or Exergy Destruction,

126

(8)

3.5.1 Heat Transfer across a Finite Temperature Difference,

126

(3)

3.5.2 Flow with Friction,

129

(2)

3.5.3 Mixing,

131

(3)

3.6 Entropy-Generation Minimization,

134

(6)

3.6.1 The Method,

134

(1)

3.6.2 Geometric Optimization of a Tree-Shaped Fluid-Flow Network,

135

(3)

3.6.3 Entropy-Generation Number,

138

(2)

References,

140

(2)

Problems,

142

(3)

4 SINGLE-PHASE SYSTEMS

145

(59)

4.1 Simple System,

145

(1)

4.2 Equilibrium Conditions,

146

(5)

4.3 The Fundamental Relation,

151

(9)

4.3.1 Energy Representation,

152

(1)

4.3.2 Entropy Representation,

153

(1)

4.3.3 Extensive Properties versus Intensive Properties,

154

(1)

4.3.4 The Euler Equation,

155

(1)

4.3.5 The Gibbs–Duhem Relation,

156

(4)

4.4 Legendre Transforms,

160

(9)

4.5 Relations between Thermodynamic Properties,

169

(18)

4.5.1 Maxwell's Relations,

170

(2)

4.5.2 Relations Measured during Special Processes,

172

(9)

4.5.3 Bridgman's Table,

181

(2)

4.5.4 Jacobians in Thermodynamics,

183

(4)

4.6 Partial Molal Properties,

187

(5)

4.7 Ideal Gas Mixtures,

192

(3)

4.8 Real Gas Mixtures,

195

(3)

References,

198

(1)

Problems,

199

(5)

5 EXERGY ANALYSIS

204

(21)

5.1 Nonflow Systems,

204

(3)

5.2 Flow Systems,

207

(4)

5.3 Generalized Exergy Analysis,

211

(2)

5.4 Air-Conditioning Applications,

213

(7)

5.4.1 Mixtures of Air and Water Vapor,

213

(2)

5.4.2 Total Flow Exergy of Humid Air,

215

(3)

5.4.3 Total Flow Exergy of Liquid Water,

218

(1)

5.4.4 Evaporative Cooling Process,

219

(1)

5.5 Other Aspects of Exergy Analysis,

220

(1)

References,

221

(1)

Problems,

221

(4)

6 MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS

225

(66)

6.1 The Energy Minimum Principle in U, H, F, and G Representations,

225

(6)

6.1.1 The Energy Minimum Principle,

226

(1)

6.1.2 The Enthalpy Minimum Principle,

227

(1)

6.1.3 The Helmholtz Free-Energy Minimum Principle,

228

(1)

6.1.4 The Gibbs Free-Energy Minimum Principle,

229

(1)

6.1.5 The Star Diagram,

230

(1)

6.2 The Internal Stability of a Simple System,

231

(6)

6.2.1 Thermal Stability,

231

(2)

6.2.2 Mechanical Stability,

233

(2)

6.2.3 Chemical Stability,

235

(2)

6.3 The Continuity of the Vapor and Liquid States,

237

(12)

6.3.1 The Andrews Diagram and J. Thomson's Theory,

237

(3)

6.3.2 The van der Waals Equation of State,

240

(7)

6.3.3 Maxwell's Equal-Area Rule,

247

(1)

6.3.4 The Clapeyron Relation,

248

(1)

6.4 Phase Diagrams,

249

(12)

6.4.1 The Gibbs Phase Rule,

249

(1)

6.4.2 Single-Component Substances,

250

(4)

6.4.3 Two-Component Mixtures,

254

(7)

6.5 Corresponding States,

261

(22)

6.5.1 Compressibility Factor,

261

(6)

6.5.2 Analytical P(v, T) Equations of State,

267

(6)

6.5.3 Calculation of Other Properties Based on P(v, T) and Specific Heat Information,

273

(2)

6.5.4 Saturated-Liquid and Saturated-Vapor States,

275

(3)

6.5.5 Metastable States,

278

(3)

6.5.6 Critical-Point Phenomena,

281

(2)

References,

283

(2)

Problems,

285

(6)

7 CHEMICALLY REACTIVE SYSTEMS

291

(61)

7.1 Equilibrium,

291

(17)

7.1.1 Chemical Reactions,

291

(3)

7.1.2 Affinity,

294

(3)

7.1.3 The Le Chatelier–Braun Principle,

297

(4)

7.1.4 Ideal Gas Mixtures,

301

(7)

7.2 Irreversible Reactions,

308

(9)

7.3 Steady-Flow Combustion,

317

(22)

7.3.1 Combustion Stoichiometry,

317

(2)

7.3.2 The First Law,

319

(6)

7.3.3 The Second Law,

325

(3)

7.3.4 Maximum Power Output,

328

(11)

7.4 The Chemical Exergy of Fuels,

339

(4)

7.5 Constant-Volume Combustion,

343

(3)

7.5.1 The First Law,

343

(2)

7.5.2 The Second Law,

345

(1)

7.5.3 Maximum Work Output,

345

(1)

References,

346

(2)

Problems,

348

(4)

8 POWER GENERATION

352

(67)

8.1 Maximum Power Subject to Size Constraint,

352

(4)

8.2 Maximum Power from Hot Stream,

356

(7)

8.3 External Irreversibilities,

363

(6)

8.4 Internal Irreversibilities,

369

(6)

8.4.1 Heater,

369

(1)

8.4.2 Expander,

370

(1)

8.4.3 Cooler,

371

(1)

8.4.4 Pump,

372

(1)

8.4.5 Relative Importance of Internal Irreversibilities,

373

(2)

8.5 Advanced Steam-Turbine Power Plants,

375

(15)

8.5.1 Superheater, Reheater, and Partial Condenser Vacuum,

375

(2)

8.5.2 Regenerative Feed Heating,

377

(8)

8.5.3 Combined Feed Heating and Reheating,

385

(5)

8.6 Advanced Gas-Turbine Power Plants,

390

(10)

8.6.1 External and Internal Irreversibilities,

390

(4)

8.6.2 Regenerative Heat Exchanger, Reheaters, and Intercoolers,

394

(3)

8.6.3 Cooled Turbines,

397

(3)

8.7 Combined Steam-Turbine and Gas-Turbine Power Plants,

400

(3)

References,

403

(3)

Problems,

406

(13)

9 SOLAR POWER

419

(74)

9.1 Thermodynamic Properties of Thermal Radiation,

419

(7)

9.1.1 Photons,

420

(1)

9.1.2 Temperature,

421

(1)

9.1.3 Energy,

422

(3)

9.1.4 Pressure,

425

(1)

9.1.5 Entropy,

425

(1)

9.2 Reversible Processes,

426

(4)

9.2.1 Reversible and Adiabatic Expansion or Compression,

429

(1)

9.2.2 Reversible and Isothermal Expansion or Compression,

429

(1)

9.2.3 Carnot Cycle,

429

(1)

9.3 Irreversible Processes,

430

(10)

9.3.1 Adiabatic Free Expansion,

430

(1)

9.3.2 Transformation of Monochromatic Radiation into Blackbody Radiation,

431

(2)

9.3.3 Scattering,

433

(2)

9.3.4 Net Radiative Heat Transfer,

435

(3)

9.3.5 Kirchhoff's Law,

438

(2)

9.4 The Ideal Conversion of Enclosed Blackbody Radiation,

440

(11)

9.4.1 Petela's Theory,

440

(3)

9.4.2 The Controversy,

443

(1)

9.4.3 Unifying Theory,

443

(5)

9.4.4 Reformulation of Jeter's Theory,

448

(3)

9.5 Maximization of Power Output per Unit Collector Area,

451

(7)

9.5.1 Ideal Concentrators,

451

(4)

9.5.2 Omnicolor Series of Ideal Concentrators,

455

(1)

9.5.3 Unconcentrated Solar Radiation,

456

(2)

9.6 Convectively Cooled Collectors,

458

(11)

9.6.1 Linear Convective-Heat-Loss Model,

459

(2)

9.6.2 Effect of Collector–Engine Heat-Exchanger Irreversibility,

461

(1)

9.6.3 Combined Convective and Radiative Heat Loss,

462

(2)

9.6.4 Collector-Ambient Heat Loss and Engine-Ambient Heat Exchanger,

464

(2)

9.6.5 Storage by Melting,

466

(3)

9.7 Extraterrestrial Solar Power Plant,

469

(3)

9.8 Nonisothermal Collectors, Time-Varying Conditions, and Solar-Driven Refrigerators,

472

(1)

9.9 Global Circulation and Climate,

472

(12)

References,

484

(4)

Problems,

488

(5)

10 REFRIGERATION

493

(81)

10.1 Joule–Thomson Expansion,

493

(7)

10.2 Work-Producing Expansion,

500

(2)

10.3 Brayton Cycle,

502

(7)

10.4 Optimal Intermediate Cooling,

509

(16)

10.4.1 Counterflow Heat Exchanger,

509

(3)

10.4.2 Application to Bioheat Transfer,

512

(1)

10.4.3 Distribution of Expanders,

512

(5)

10.4.4 Insulation Systems,

517

(8)

10.5 Liquefaction,

525

(9)

10.5.1 Liquefiers versus Refrigerators,

525

(3)

10.5.2 Heylandt Nitrogen Liquefier,

528

(4)

10.5.3 Efficiency of Liquefiers and Refrigerators,

532

(2)

10.6 Refrigerator Models with Heat Transfer Irreversibilities,

534

(16)

10.6.1 Heat Leak in Parallel with a Reversible Compartment,

534

(3)

10.6.2 Optimal Time-Dependent Operation,

537

(4)

10.6.3 Distribution of Cooling during Gas Compression,

541

(9)

10.7 Magnetic Refrigeration,

550

(11)

10.7.1 Fundamental Relations,

552

(3)

10.7.2 Adiabatic Demagnetization,

555

(1)

10.7.3 Paramagnetic Thermometry,

556

(3)

10.7.4 The Third Law of Thermodynamics,

559

(2)

References,

561

(3)

Problems,

564

(10)

11 ENTROPY-GENERATION MINIMIZATION

574

(82)

11.1 Trade-off between Competing Irreversibilities,

574

(13)

11.1.1 Internal Flow and Heat Transfer,

574

(5)

11.1.2 Heat Transfer Augmentation,

579

(2)

11.1.3 External Flow and Heat Transfer,

581

(3)

11.1.4 Convective Heat Transfer in General,

584

(3)

11.2 Balanced Counterflow Heat Exchangers,

587

(8)

11.2.1 The Ideal Limit,

587

(4)

11.2.2 Area Constraint,

591

(2)

11.2.3 Volume Constraint,

593

(2)

11.2.4 Combined Area and Volume Constraint,

595

(1)

11.3 Heat Exchangers with Negligible Pressure-Drop Irreversibility,

595

(9)

11.3.1 The Maximum Entropy-Generation Rate Paradox,

596

(2)

11.3.2 The Principle of Thermodynamic Isolation,

598

(2)

11.3.3 Remanent (Flow-Imbalance) Irreversibilities,

600

(3)

11.3.4 The Structure of Heat-Exchanger Irreversibility,

603

(1)

11.4 Storage Systems,

604

(16)

11.4.1 Sensible-Heat Storage: Energy Storage versus Exergy Storage,

604

(1)

11.4.2 Optimal Storage Time Interval,

605

(3)

11.4.3 Optimal Heat-Exchanger Size,

608

(1)

11.4.4 Storage Followed by Removal of Exergy,

609

(4)

11.4.5 Heating and Cooling Subject to Time Constraint,

613

(3)

11.4.6 Latent Heat Storage,

616

(4)

11.5 Power Maximization or Entropy-Generation Minimization,

620

(14)

11.5.1 Heat-Transfer-Irreversible Power Plant Models,

621

(2)

11.5.2 Minimum Entropy-Generation Rate,

623

(4)

11.5.3 Fluid Flow Systems,

627

(4)

11.5.4 Electrical Machines,

631

(3)

11.6 From Entropy-Generation Minimization to Constructal Theory,

634

(8)

11.6.1 Generation of Configuration Phenomenon,

634

(3)

11.6.2 Optimal Organ Size,

637

(5)

References,

642

(7)

Problems,

649

(7)

12 IRREVERSIBLE THERMODYNAMICS

656

(49)

12.1 Conjugate Fluxes and Forces,

657

(5)

12.2 Linearized Relations,

662

(1)

12.3 Reciprocity Relations,

663

(2)

12.4 Thermoelectric Phenomena,

665

(17)

12.4.1 Formulations,

665

(5)

12.4.2 The Peltier Effect,

670

(2)

12.4.3 The Seebeck Effect,

672

(1)

12.4.4 The Thomson Effect,

673

(2)

12.4.5 Power Generation,

675

(5)

12.4.6 Refrigeration,

680

(2)

12.5 Heat Conduction in Anisotropic Media,

682

(11)

12.5.1 Formulation in Two Dimensions,

683

(2)

12.5.2 Principal Directions and Conductivities,

685

(4)

12.5.3 The Concentrated-Heat-Source Experiment,

689

(1)

12.5.4 Three-Dimensional Conduction,

690

(3)

12.6 Mass Diffusion,

693

(6)

12.6.1 Nonisothermal Diffusion of a Single Component,

693

(2)

12.6.2 Nonisothermal Binary Mixtures,

695

(3)

12.6.3 Isothermal Diffusion,

698

(1)

12.6.4 Electrodiffusion,

699

(1)

References,

699

(2)

Problems,

701

(4)

13 THE CONSTRUCTAL LAW OF CONFIGURATION GENERATION

705

(137)

13.1 The Constructal Law,

705

(4)

13.2 The Area-Point Access Problem,

709

(30)

13.2.1 Street Patterns: A Simple Construction Sequence,

709

(12)

13.2.2 Heat Flow Trees,

721

(6)

13.2.3 Constructal Theory versus Fractal Algorithms,

727

(2)

13.2.4 Fluid-Flow Trees,

729

(10)

13.3 Natural Flow Patterns,

739

(35)

13.3.1 River Meanders,

741

(1)

13.3.2 River Basins and Deltas,

742

(5)

13.3.3 Electric Discharges,

747

(2)

13.3.4 Rivers of People,

749

(1)

13.3.5 Channel Cross Sections,

750

(5)

13.3.6 Turbulent Flow,

755

(7)

13.3.7 Cracks in Shrinking Solids,

762

(5)

13.3.8 Dendritic Crystals,

767

(6)

13.3.9 Solid Bodies in Flow,

773

(1)

13.4 Constructal Theory of Distribution of City Sizes, by A. Bejan, S. Lorente, A.F. Miguel, and A.H. Reis,

774

(5)

13.5 Constructal Theory of Distribution of River Sizes, by A. Bejan, S. Lorente, A.F. Miguel, and A.H. Reis,

779

(3)

13.6 Constructal Theory of Egyptian Pyramids and Flow Fossils in General, by A. Bejan and S. Perin,

782

(6)

13.7 The Broad View: Biology, Physics, and Engineering,

788

(17)

13.7.1 Heat Loss versus Body Size,

790

(5)

13.7.2 Flight and Organ Sizes,

795

(4)

13.7.3 Survival by Increasing Freedom, Performance, Svelteness, and Territory,

799

(4)

13.7.4 Modeling Is Not Theory,

803

(2)

13.8 Constructal Theory of Running, Swimming and Flying. by A. Bejan and J.H. Marden,

805

(10)

13.8.1 Running,

807

(4)

13.8.2 Flying,

811

(2)

13.8.3 Swimming,

813

(1)

13.8.4 Locomotion and Turbulent Structure,

814

(1)

13.9 Science and Civilization as Constructal Flow Systems,

815

(1)

13.10 Freedom Is Good for Design,

816

(4)

References,

820

(9)

Problems,

829

(13)

APPENDIX

842

(23)

Constants,

842

(1)

Mathematical Formulas,

842

(2)

Variational Calculus,

844

(1)

Properties of Moderately Compressed-Liquid States,

845

(1)

Properties of Slightly Superheated-Vapor States,

846

(1)

Properties of Cold Water near the Density Maximum,

847

(1)

Analysis of Engineering Components,

848

(3)

The Flow Exergy of Gases at Low Pressures,

851

(2)

Tables,

853

(10)

References,

863

(2)

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

865

(2)

AUTHOR INDEX

867

(8)

SUBJECT INDEX

875

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials