Advanced Modelling Techniques in Structural Design

The successful design and construction of iconic new buildings relies on a range of advanced technologies, in particular on advanced modelling techniques. In response to the increasingly complex buildings demanded by clients and architects, structural engineers have developed a range of sophisticated modelling software to carry out the necessary structural analysis and design work.

Advanced Modelling Techniques in Structural Design introduces numerical analysis methods to both students and design practitioners. It illustrates the modelling techniques used to solve structural design problems, covering most of the issues that an engineer might face, including lateral stability design of tall buildings; earthquake; progressive collapse; fire, blast and vibration analysis; non-linear geometric analysis and buckling analysis . Resolution of these design problems are demonstrated using a range of prestigious projects around the world, including the Buji Khalifa; Willis Towers; Taipei 101; the Gherkin; Millennium Bridge; Millau viaduct and the Forth Bridge, illustrating the practical steps required to begin a modelling exercise and showing how to select appropriate software tools to address specific design problems.

Dr Feng Fu is a Chartered Structural Engineer and Member of the American Society of Civil Engineering. He received his PhD from the University of Leeds and MBA from the University of Manchester, and is currently a Lecturer in Structural Engineering at City University  London. Prior to his academic career, he worked for several leading engineering consultants including WSP Group Ltd London, Waterman Group Ltd London and the Beijing Institute of Architectural Design and Research. He has worked with several world-leading architects on the design and analysis of a range of complex and challenging structures, as well as gaining extensive experience in designing buildings under extreme loads such as blast and fire.

Preface ii

The Author iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of Content vi

Table of Figure xi

Index xviii

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Aims and Scope 1

1.2 Main Structural Design Problems 2

1.3 Introduction of Finite Element Method 3

1.4 Conclusion 8

Reference 9

Chapter 2 Major Modelling programs and Building information modelling (BIM) 9

Abstract 9

2.1 Fundamentals of Analysis Programs 9

2.2 Building Information Modelling (BIM) 22

2.3 Main Analysis Programs in current Design Practice 23

2.4 Major Draughting Program 26

2.5 Method to Model Complex Geometry 27

Reference 37

Chapter 3 Tall Buildings 38

Abstract 38

3.1 Introduction 38

3.2 Structural Systems of Tall Buildings 38

3.3 Lateral Resisting Systems and Modeling Examples 47

3.4 Modelling Example of Burj Khalifa 68

Define 73

3.5 Modelling Example of Taipei 101 with tuned mass damper (TMD) 74

3.6 Conclusion 79

Reference 79

Chapter 4 Earthquake Analysis of Buildings 79

Abstract 92

4.1 Introduction 92

4.2 Basic Earthquake Knowledge 92

4.3 Basic Dynamic Knowledge 93

4.4 Modelling Example of the Response Spectrum Analysis using SAP2000 101

4.5 Time History Analysis and Modelling Example using SAP2000 109

4.6 Push over Analysis and Modelling example using SAP2000 116

Reference 124

Chapter 5 Progressive Collapse Analysis 125

Abstract 125

5.1 Introduction 125

5.2 Design Guidance for Progressive Collapse Analysis 125

5.3 Risk Assessment 139

5.4 Design and Analysis Method 140

5.5 Modelling Example of Progressive Collapse Analysis using SAP2000--Non-linear Dynamic Procedure 143

Reference 151

Chapter 6 Blast and Impact Loading 151

Abstract 151

6.1 Introduction 161

6.2 Fundamentals of Blast Loading 161

6.3 Introduction of SPH Theory 164

6.4 Modeling Examples of impact loading analysis using Coupled SPH and FEA Method in ABAQUS? 166

Reference 184

Chapter 7 Structural Fire Analysis 185

Abstract 185

7.1 Introduction 185

7.2 Basic Knowledge of Heat Transfer 185

7.3 Fire Development Process 198

7.4 Fire Protection Method 199

7.5 Fire Temperature Curve 200

7.6 Determination of the Thermal Response of Structural Members 202

7.7 Structural Fire Design 202

7.8 Major Modelling Techniques for Structural Fire Analysis 203

7.9 Modelling Example of Heat Transfer Analysis using ABAQUS 204

Reference 221

Chapter 8 Space Structures 221

Abstract 221

8.1 Introduction 234

8.2 Type of Space Structures 234

8.3 Design Load 239

8.4 Stability Analysis of Space Structure 240

8.5 Modeling Example of a Single Layer Dome using SAP2000 (including global buckling analysis) 243

8.6 Nonlinear Geometric Analysis of Tensegrity Structures  250

8.7 Modeling Example of Tensigrity Dome using SAP2000 (Non-linear Geometrical Analysis) 252

Reference 260

Chapter 9 Bridge Structures 260

Abstract 260

9.1 Introduction 277

9.2 Structural Types of Bridges 277

9.3 Structural Design of Bridge Structure 281

9.4 Design Loading 281

9.5 Modelling Example of Milau Viaduct using CSI Bridge 283

9.6 Modelling Example of Forth Bridge using SAP2000 290

Reference 298

Chapter 10 Foot Induced Vibration 298

10.1 Abstract 298

10.2 Introduction to Vibration Problems in Structural Design 314

10.3 Characteristic of Foot Induced Dynamic Loads 314

10.4 Acceptance Criteria 316

10.5 Loading Representation of Foot Induced Vibration 319

10.6 Modelling Example of Vibration Analysis for the Millennium Bridge using SAP2000 (Time Based Method) 321

10.7 Modelling Example of Vibration Analysis of Hospital Floor using ABAQUS? (Frequency Based Method) 329

10.8 Reference 340

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.