Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Diabetes

• public health efforts at diabetes prevention
• formulating nutritional guidelines for diabetes
• carbohydrates and the glycaemic index
• the management of diabetes in older people

The authors draw on their research and practical experience to offer sound guidance on best practice, ensuring that interventions are both scientifically secure and effective.

ABOUT THE SERIES

Dietary recommendations need to be based on solid evidence, but where can you find this information? The British Dietetic Association and the publishers of the Manual of Dietetic Practice present an essential and authoritative reference series on the evidence base relating to advanced aspects of nutrition and diet in selected clinical specialties. Each book provides a comprehensive and critical review of key literature in its subject.  Each covers established areas of understanding, current controversies and areas of future development and investigation, and is oriented around six key themes:

• Disease processes, including metabolism, physiology, and genetics
• Disease consequences, including morbidity, mortality, nutritional epidemiology and patient perspectives
• Nutritional consequences of diseases
• Nutritional assessment, drawing on anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, dietary, economic and social approaches
• Clinical investigation and management
• Nutritional and dietary management
• Trustworthy, international in scope, and accessible, Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics is a vital resource for a range of practitioners, researchers and educators in nutrition and dietetics, including dietitians, nutritionists, doctors and specialist nurses.

About the Editors

Louise Goff is a Lecturer in Nutritional Sciences at King’s College London, UK.

Pamela Dyson is a Research Dietitian in the Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism at Oxford University, UK.

About the Series Editor

Kevin Whelan is Professor of Dietetics at King’s College London. He is also Associate Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics.

Preface vii

Foreword ix

Editor biographies x

Contributors xi

Abbreviations xiii

Section 1 Background 1

1.1 Prevalence, public health aspects and prevention of diabetes 3

1.2 Diagnostic criteria and classification of diabetes 9

Section 2 Dietary principles of diabetes 13

2.1 Historical perspectives of dietary recommendations for diabetes 15

2.2 Nutritional guidelines for diabetes 22

2.3 Carbohydrates 29

2.4 Glycaemic index and glycaemic load in diabetes 41

Section 3 Type 1 diabetes 51

3.1 Epidemiology and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes 53

3.2 Clinical management of type 1 diabetes 60

3.3 Nutritional management of glycaemia in type 1 diabetes 67

3.4 Diet, education and behaviour in type 1 diabetes 74

3.5 Lifestyle issues and type 1 diabetes – physical activity, alcohol and recreational drugs 80

Section 4 Type 2 diabetes 93

4.1 Epidemiology, aetiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes 95

4.2 Clinical management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes 103

4.3 Nutritional management of glycaemia in type 2 diabetes 112

4.4 Obesity and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes 119

4.5 Diet, education and behaviour in type 2 diabetes 129

4.6 Lifestyle issues and type 2 diabetes – physical activity and alcohol 138

4.7 Public health and the prevention of type 2 diabetes 147

Section 5 Pregnancy and diabetes 157

5.1 Epidemiology, aetiology and pathogenesis of diabetes in pregnancy 159

5.2 Clinical management of diabetes in pregnancy 168

5.3 Lifestyle management of diabetes in pregnancy 176

Section 6 Diabetes in children and adolescents 183

6.1 Epidemiology, aetiology and pathogenesis of childhood diabetes 185

6.2 Clinical management of diabetes in children and adolescents 191

6.3 Lifestyle management of childhood diabetes 198

Section 7 Diabetes in older people 207

7.1 Epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis and management of diabetes in older people 209

7.2 Lifestyle management, including nutrition, of diabetes in older people 218

Section 8 Diabetes in ethnic groups 229

8.1 Epidemiology, aetiology and pathogenesis of diabetes in ethnic groups 231

8.2 Clinical management of diabetes in ethnic groups 240

8.3 Lifestyle management of diabetes in ethnic groups 249

Section 9 Complications and comorbidities of diabetes 261

9.1 Microvascular disease (renal) and diabetes 263

9.2 Macrovascular disease and diabetes 273

9.3 Coeliac disease and diabetes 286

9.4 Disorders associated with insulin resistance 294

9.5 Cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes 303

9.6 Diabetic gastroparesis 312

9.7 Nutrition support in diabetes 316

Index 325

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