Advanced Unix Programming

The long-awaited revision to one of the foundation titles in UNIX programming covers the latest POSIX standards, updated for Linux, FreeBSD, and Mac OS X. Includes a wide range of examples, including a Web browser, a Web server, a keystroke recorder/player and a real shell. Rochkind is regarded as one of the pioneers in UNIX programming, and this book is a true classic.

MARC J. ROCHKIND was fortunate enough to have worked at Bell Laboratories in the 1970s, when UNIX was still in its infancy. It was there that Rochkind made several key contributions to UNIX, notably the Source Code Control System. He wrote the first edition of Advanced UNIX Programming in 1984. This complete revision benefits from his years of post-Bell application systems development experience.

Preface

xi

Chapter 1 Fundamental Concepts

1

(70)

1.1 A Whirlwind Tour of UNIX and Linux

1

(15)

1.2 Versions of UNIX

16

(3)

1.3 Using System Calls

19

(5)

1.4 Error Handling

24

(14)

1.5 UNIX Standards

38

(17)

1.6 Common Header File

55

(1)

1.7 Dates and Times

56

(11)

1.8 About the Example Code

67

(1)

1.9 Essential Resources

68

(3)

Chapter 2 Basic File I/O

71

(52)

2.1 Introduction to File I/O

71

(1)

2.2 File Descriptors and Open File Descriptions

72

(3)

2.3 Symbols for File Permission Bits

75

(1)

2.4 open and creat System Calls

76

(10)

2.5 umask System Call

86

(1)

2.6 unlink System Call

86

(2)

2.7 Creating Temporary Files

88

(2)

2.8 File Offsets and O_APPEND

90

(2)

2.9 write System Call

92

(4)

2.10 read System Call

96

(1)

2.11 close System Call

97

(1)

2.12 User Buffered I/O

98

(7)

2.13 lseek System Call

105

(3)

2.14 pread and pwrite System Calls

108

(2)

2.15 readv and writev System Calls

110

(4)

2.16 Synchronized I/O

114

(5)

2.17 truncate and ftruncate System Calls

119

(4)

Chapter 3 Advanced File I/O

123

(80)

3.1 Introduction

123

(1)

3.2 Disk Special Files and File Systems

123

(14)

3.3 Hard and Symbolic Links

137

(7)

3.4 Pathnames

144

(3)

3.5 Accessing and Displaying File Metadata

147

(11)

3.6 Directories

158

(23)

3.7 Changing an I-Node

181

(4)

3.8 More File-Manipulation Calls

185

(4)

3.9 Asynchronous I/O

189

(14)

Chapter 4 Terminal I/O

203

(74)

4.1 Introduction

203

(1)

4.2 Reading from a Terminal

204

(20)

4.3 Sessions and Process Groups (Jobs)

224

(8)

4.4 ioctl System Call

232

(1)

4.5 Setting Terminal Attributes

233

(12)

4.6 Additional Terminal-Control System Calls

245

(3)

4.7 Terminal-Identification System Calls

248

(2)

4.8 Full-Screen Applications

250

(5)

4.9 STREAMS I/O

255

(1)

4.10 Pseudo Terminals

256

(21)

Chapter 5 Processes and Threads

277

(84)

5.1 Introduction

277

(1)

5.2 Environment

277

(7)

5.3 exec System Calls

284

(8)

5.4 Implementing a Shell (Version 1)

292

(4)

5.5 fork System Call

296

(4)

5.6 Implementing a Shell (Version 2)

300

(1)

5.7 exit System Calls and Process Termination

301

(3)

5.8 wait, waitpid, and waitid System Calls

304

(9)

5.9 Signals, Termination, and Waiting

313

(1)

5.10 Implementing a Shell (Version 3)

314

(1)

5.11 Getting User and Group IDs

315

(2)

5.12 Setting User and Group IDs

317

(2)

5.13 Getting Process IDs

319

(1)

5.14 chroot System Call

319

(1)

5.15 Getting and Setting the Priority

320

(2)

5.16 Process Limits

322

(7)

5.17 Introduction to Threads

329

(21)

5.18 The Blocking Problem

350

(11)

Chapter 6 Basic Interprocess Communication

361

(44)

6.1 Introduction

361

(1)

6.2 Pipes

362

(9)

6.3 dup and dup2 System Calls

371

(5)

6.4 A Real Shell

376

(14)

6.5 Two-Way Communication with Unidirectional Pipes

390

(9)

6.6 Two-Way Communication with Bidirectional Pipes

399

(6)

Chapter 7 Advanced Interprocess Communication

405

(114)

7.1 Introduction

405

(1)

7.2 FIFOs, or Named Pipes

406

(8)

7.3 An Abstract Simple Messaging Interface (SMI)

414

(14)

7.4 System V IPC (Interprocess Communication)

428

(6)

7.5 System V Message Queues

434

(8)

7.6. POSIX IPC

442

(3)

7.7 POSIX Message Queues

445

(13)

7.8 About Semaphores

458

(2)

7.9 System V Semaphores

460

(9)

7.10 POSIX Semaphores

469

(8)

7.11 File Locking

477

(11)

7.12 About Shared Memory

488

(1)

7.13 System V Shared Memory

489

(15)

7.14 POSIX Shared Memory

504

(11)

7.15 Performance Comparisons

515

(4)

Chapter 8 Networking and Sockets

519

(82)

8.1 Socket Basics

520

(13)

8.2 Socket Addresses

533

(11)

8.3 Socket Options

544

(5)

8.4 Simple Socket Interface (SSI)

549

(14)

8.5 Socket Implementation of SMI

563

(4)

8.6 Connectionless Sockets

567

(10)

8.7 Out-of-Band Data

577

(1)

8.8 Network Database Functions

578

(15)

8.9 Miscellaneous System Calls

593

(4)

8.10 High-Performance Considerations

597

(4)

Chapter 9 Signals and Timers

601

(66)

9.1 Signal Basics

601

(23)

9.2 Waiting for a Signal

624

(10)

9.3 Miscellaneous Signal System Calls

634

(1)

9.4 Deprecated Signal System Calls

635

(2)

9.5 Realtime Signals Extension (RTS)

637

(11)

9.6 Global Jumps

648

(3)

9.7 Clocks and Timers

651

(16)

Appendix A Process Attributes

667

(6)

Appendix B Ux: A C++ Wrapper for Standard UNIX Functions

673

(4)

Appendix C Jtux: A Java/Jython Interface to Standard UNIX Functions

677

(8)

Appendix D Alphabetical and Categorical Function Lists

685

(18)

References

703

(2)

Index

705

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Advanced Unix Programming

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials