Advanced Wireless Networks Technology and Business Models

1 Introduction: Generalized Model of Advanced Wireless Networks 1

1.1 Network Model 3

1.2 Network Connectivity 5

1.3 Wireless Network Design with Small World Properties 7

1.4 Frequency Channels Backup 11

1.5 Generalized Network Model 13

1.6 Routing Protocols Over s-Lattice Network 14

1.7 Network Performance 16

1.8 Node, Route, Topology, and Network Robustness 19

1.9 Power Consumption 20

1.10 Protocol Complexity 20

1.11 Performance Evaluation 21

1.12 Book Layout 27

Appendix A.1 33

References 34

2 Adaptive Network Layer 35

2.1 Graphs and Routing Protocols 35

2.2 Graph Theory 54

2.3 Routing with Topology Aggregation 56

References 60

3 Mobility Management 65

3.1 Cellular Networks 65

3.2 Cellular Systems with Prioritized Handoff 89

3.3 Cell Residing Time Distribution 100

3.4 Mobility Prediction in Pico- and Micro-Cellular Networks 105

Appendix A.3 Distance Calculation in an Intermediate Cell 116

References 122

4 Ad Hoc Networks 126

4.1 Routing Protocols 126

4.2 Hybrid Routing Protocol 146

4.3 Scalable Routing Strategies 152

4.4 Multipath Routing 160

4.5 Clustering Protocols 162

4.6 Cashing Schemes for Routing 175

4.7 Distributed QoS Routing 181

References 190

5 Sensor Networks 194

5.1 Introduction 194

5.2 Sensor Network Parameters 196

5.3 Sensor Network Architecture 199

5.4 Mobile Sensor Network Deployment 209

5.5 Directed Diffusion 212

5.6 Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks 216

5.7 Boundary Estimation 220

5.8 Optimal Transmission Radius in Sensor Networks 227

5.9 Data Funneling 233

5.10 Equivalent Transport Control Protocol in Sensor Networks 236

References 237

6 Security 244

6.1 Authentication 244

6.2 Security Architecture 253

6.3 Key Management 257

6.4 Security in Ad Hoc Networks 261

6.5 Security in Sensor Networks 268

References 269

7 Network Economics 272

7.1 Fundamentals of Network Economics 272

7.2 Wireless Network Microeconomics: Data Sponsoring 286

7.3 Spectrum Pricing for Market Equilibrium 291

7.4 Sequential Spectrum Sharing 300

7.5 Data Plan Trading 308

References 315

8 Multi-Hop Cellular Networks 318

8.1 Modeling Multi-Hop Multi-Operator Multi-Technology Wireless Networks 318

8.2 Technology Background 319

8.3 System Model and Notation 321

8.4 m3 Route Discovery Protocols 323

8.5 Performance of m3 Route Discovery Protocols 327

8.6 Protocol Complexity 329

8.7 Traffic Offloading Incentives 330

8.8 Performance Illustrations 335

References 344

9 Cognitive Networks 346

9.1 Technology Background 346

9.2 Spectrum Auctions for Multi-hop Cognitive Networks 350

9.3 Compound Auctioning in Multi-hop Cognitive Cellular Networks 363

References 388

10 Stochastic Geometry 391

10.1 Background Theory 391

References 398

11 Heterogeneous Networks 402

11.1 Preliminaries 402

11.2 Self-Organized Small Cell Networks 404

11.3 Dynamic Network Architecture 411

11.4 Economics of Heterogeneous Networks 434

References 443

12 Access Point Selection 446

12.1 Background Technology 446

12.2 Network Selection Game 449

12.3 Joint Access Point Selection and Power Allocation 453

12.4 Joint AP Selection and Beamforming Optimization 463

References 474

13 Self-Organizing Networks 478

13.1 Self-Organizing Network Optimization 478

13.2 System Model 478

13.3 Joint Optimization of Tilts and AP Association 481

References 484

14 Complex Networks 486

14.1 Evolution Towards Large-Scale Networks 486

14.2 Network Characteristics 491

14.3 Random Graphs 494

References 496

15 Massive MIMO 499

15.1 Linearly Precoded Multicellular Downlink System 499

15.2 System Model 503

15.3 Optimization for Perfect Channel State Information 505

15.4 Robust Designs for WSRM Problem 509

Appendix A.15 519

Appendix B.15 519

References 521

16 Network Optimization Theory 523

16.1 Introduction 523

16.2 Layering as Optimization Decomposition 524

16.3 Cross-Layer Optimization 533

16.4 Optimization Problem Decomposition Methods 543

References 554

17 Network Information Theory 557

17.1 Capacity of Ad Hoc Networks 557

17.2 Information Theory and Network Architectures 569

17.3 Cooperative Transmission in Wireless Multihop Ad Hoc Networks 577

References 584

18 Stability of Advanced Network Architectures 585

18.1 Stability of Cooperative Cognitive Wireless Networks 585

18.2 System Model 586

18.4 Optimal Control Policy 592

18.5 Achievable Rates 594

18.6 Stabilizing Transmission Policies 598

References 605

19 Multi-Operator Spectrum Sharing 607

19.1 Business Models for Spectrum Sharing 607

19.2 Spectrum Sharing in Multi-hop Networks 638

References 656

20 Large Scale Networks and Mean Field Theory 659

20.1 MFT for Large Heterogeneous Cellular Networks 659

20.2 Large Scale Network Model Compression 664

20.3 Mean Field Theory Model of Large Scale DTN Networks 668

20.4 Mean Field Modeling of Adaptive Infection Recovery in Multicast DTN Networks 674

20.5 Mean Field Theory for Scale-Free Random Networks 701

20.6 Spectrum Sharing and MFT 709

20.7 Modeling Dynamics of Complex System 711

Appendix A.20 Iterative Algorithm to Solve Systems of Nonlinear ODEs (DiNSE-Algorithm) 721

Appendix B.20 Infection Rate of Destinations for DNCM 722

Appendix C.20 Infection Rate for Basic Epidemic Routing 722

References 722

21 mmWave Networks 726

21.1 mmWave Technology in Subcellular Architecture 726

21.2 Microeconomics of Dynamic mmWave Networks 737

References 747

22 Cloud Computing in Wireless Networks 750

22.1 Technology Background 750

22.2 System Model 752

22.3 System Optimization 756

22.4 Dynamic Control Algorithm 758

22.5 Achievable Rates 761

22.6 Stabilizing Control Policies 763

References 769

23 Wireless Networks and Matching Theory 771

23.1 Background Technology: Matching Markets 772

23.2 Distributed Stable Matching in Multiple Operator Cellular Network with Traffic Offloading 776

23.3 College Admissions Game Model for Cellular Networks with Traffic Offloading 779

23.4 Many to Many Matching Games for Caching in Wireless Networks 783

23.5 Many to One Matching with Externalities in Cellular Networks with Traffic Offloading 787

23.6 Security in Matching of Device to Device Pairs in Cellular Networks 791

References 795

24 Dynamic Wireless Network Infrastructure 797

24.1 Infrastructure Sharing in Multi-Operator Cellular Networks 797

24.2 User Provided Connectivity 802

24.3 Network Virtualization 806

24.4 Software Defined Networks 810

24.5 SDN Security 816

References 819

Index 827

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