Advances in Anesthesia
, by McLoughlin, Thomas M., M.D.- ISBN: 9781416057284 | 1416057285
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 12/1/2009
Editorial Board | p. vii |
Contributors | p. ix |
Anesthetic Management of Interventional Neuroradiological Procedures | |
Neurovascular techniques | p. 2 |
Vascular access | p. 2 |
Imaging technology | p. 2 |
Embolic materials | p. 3 |
Anesthetic considerations | p. 3 |
Monitoring | p. 5 |
Arterial pressure | p. 5 |
Other systemic monitoring | p. 5 |
Central nervous system monitoring | p. 6 |
Urinary output | p. 6 |
Laboratory tests | p. 7 |
Anesthetic techniques | p. 7 |
Dynamic sedation | p. 7 |
Narcotics | p. 9 |
General anesthesia with tracheal intubation | p. 9 |
Adjuvant techniques for sedation and general anesthesia | p. 10 |
Anticoagulation | p. 10 |
Deliberate hypotension | p. 10 |
Flow arrest | p. 12 |
Deliberate hypertension | p. 12 |
Deliberate hypercapnia | p. 12 |
Radiation safety | p. 13 |
Management of procedural catastrophes | p. 13 |
Transport and postprocedural considerations | p. 14 |
Specific procedures | p. 14 |
Suuperselective angiography and therapeutic embolization of AVMs | p. 14 |
Embolization of spinal sord lesions | p. 15 |
Carotid test occlusion and therapeutic carotid occlusion | p. 16 |
Aneurysm ablation | p. 17 |
Angioplasty | p. 18 |
Angioplasty for atherosclerosis | p. 19 |
Thrombolysis for acute stroke | p. 20 |
Treatment of other CNS vascular malformations | p. 20 |
Dural AVMs | p. 20 |
Carotid cavernous fistulae | p. 20 |
Vein of galen malformation | p. 21 |
Intra-arterial chemotherapy and embolization of tumors | p. 23 |
Vertebral body compression fracture therapy | p. 23 |
Summary | p. 24 |
Acknowledgments | p. 24 |
Perioperative Management of the Opioid-Tolerant Patient | |
Nociception: a neuroanatomical review | p. 26 |
Tolerance and hyperalgesia | p. 27 |
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: essentials of current knowledge | p. 28 |
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia in animal studies | p. 28 |
OEH in animal studies: type of pain stimulus | p. 29 |
OIH in animal studies: time course and dosing regimen | p. 29 |
OIH in animal studies: neuroanatomical structures and receptors | p. 30 |
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia in humans: methods and settings of evaluation | p. 32 |
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia in humans: chronic opiate users | p. 32 |
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia in humans: perioperative exposure | p. 34 |
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia in humans: pain testing opiate-naïve individuals following acute opiate exposure | p. 34 |
Multimodal analgesia | p. 35 |
Specific agents | p. 36 |
Acetaminophen | p. 36 |
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | p. 36 |
Gabapentinoids | p. 38 |
Antidepressants | p. 39 |
NMDA receptor antagonists | p. 40 |
Local anesthetics | p. 41 |
Converting oral and parenteral opioids | p. 42 |
Converting parenteral opioids to oral opioids and discharge planning | p. 45 |
Clinical challenges: case presentations illustrating application of pain management principles in opioid-tolerant patients | p. 47 |
Clinical challenge #1: The patient on oral buprenorphine or Buprenorphine-naloxone combination therapy | p. 47 |
Clinical challenge #2: Opioid-tolerant patient requiring total knee arthroplasty | p. 48 |
Clinical challenge #3: Opioid-tolerant Patient with traumatic lower extremity amputation | p. 49 |
Summary | p. 49 |
Acknowlrdgments | p. 49 |
Preoperative Stress Syndromes and Their Evaluation, Consultation, and Management | |
Pathophysiology | p. 56 |
Epidemiology | p. 56 |
Anxiety during the preanesthesia period | p. 57 |
Primary anxiety disorders | p. 59 |
Awareness under anesthesia and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder | p. 61 |
Differential diagnosis of anxiety states | p. 62 |
Medical care/psychiatric consultation | p. 63 |
Diet | p. 64 |
Medications for anxiety | p. 64 |
Treatment of acute preoperative anxiety | p. 68 |
Psychotherapy and other therapies for anxiety | p. 68 |
Complementary and alternative treatment of anxiety | p. 69 |
Summary | p. 69 |
Genomics: Implications for Anesthesia, Perioperative Care and Outcomes | |
Fundamental principles of genetic variation and impact on function | p. 74 |
Variation in DNA as a cause of human disease | p. 79 |
Technology to identify genetic variation | p. 81 |
Measurement of DNA variation | p. 81 |
Measurement of RNA variation | p. 83 |
Principles of study of gene-disease relationships | p. 84 |
A simple example of the methods used in gene-disease association studies | p. 87 |
What are the uses of genetic studies? | p. 89 |
How does genetic information alter risk classification | p. 91 |
Summary | p. 94 |
Acknowledgments | p. 94 |
Retirement Planning for Physicians | |
Tax and investment strategies | p. 97 |
Maximize contributions | p. 97 |
Make tax-free investments | p. 98 |
Purchase stocks | p. 98 |
Shift income | p. 99 |
Fund education | p. 99 |
Fund Roth individual retirement arrangement | p. 99 |
Distribution phase | p. 100 |
Case study | p. 102 |
Summary | p. 105 |
Nonopioid Adjuvants in Multimodal Therapy for Acute Perioperative Pain | |
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and acetaminophen | p. 113 |
Nonselective nonsteroidal anti-Inflammatory drugs | p. 114 |
Aspirin | p. 114 |
Diclofenac | p. 116 |
Ketorolac | p. 116 |
Acetaminophen | p. 118 |
COX-2 inhibitors | p. 119 |
N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists | p. 121 |
Ketamine | p. 122 |
Dextromethorphan | p. 123 |
Magnesium | p. 124 |
Gabapentinoids | p. 125 |
Gabapentin | p. 125 |
Pregabalin | p. 126 |
¿2-Adrenergic agonists | p. 127 |
Clonidine | p. 128 |
Dexmedetomidine | p. 128 |
Glucocorticoids | p. 129 |
Summary | p. 134 |
Evidence-Based Update and Controversies in the Treatment and Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting | |
Risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting | p. 144 |
Currendy available antiemetics | p. 145 |
Dopamine receptor antagonists | p. 145 |
Anticholinergics | p. 149 |
Antihistamines | p. 149 |
Serotonin receptor antagonists | p. 150 |
Other antiemetic interventions | p. 150 |
Newer generation antiemetics | p. 151 |
Nk1 receptor antagonists | p. 153 |
Combination therapy and the multimodal approach | p. 155 |
Recommendations for the prophylaxis and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting | p. 157 |
Summary | p. 157 |
Impact of Central Neuraxial Analgesia on the Progress of Labor | |
Difficulties with designing and conducting clinical trials | p. 167 |
The effect of neuraxial analgesia on cesarean delivery rates | p. 170 |
Randomized controlled trials | p. 170 |
Impact studies | p. 172 |
Timing of initiation of neuraxial analgesia | p. 173 |
The effect of neuraxial anesthesia on the instrumental vaginal delivery rate | p. 174 |
The effect of neuraxial analgesia on the duration of labor | p. 178 |
First stage of labor | p. 178 |
Second stage of labor | p. 180 |
Third stage of labor | p. 181 |
Oxytocin administration and ambulation | p. 181 |
Oxytocin | p. 181 |
Ambulation | p. 183 |
Summary | p. 183 |
Regional Anesthesia in Trauma | |
The consequences of trauma and the role of the anesthesiologist | p. 192 |
History of pain relief for the trauma patient | p. 193 |
Regional anesthesia in the battlefield | p. 194 |
Neurochemistry of nociception in trauma | p. 195 |
Hormone release in the trauma patient | p. 196 |
Benefits of regional anesthesia and analgesia on the stress response in the trauma patient | p. 196 |
Perioperative regional anesthesia techniques in trauma | p. 197 |
Central neuraxial techniques | p. 197 |
Use of continuous thoracic epidural analgesia for ahoracic trauma | p. 198 |
Paravertebral block | p. 199 |
Peripheral nerve blocks for the management of trauma to the extremities | p. 200 |
Continuous nerve blocks and multimodal analgesia | p. 201 |
Peripheral nerve localization techniques | p. 201 |
Peripheral nerve blocks of the upper extremities (and shoulder) for trauma | p. 202 |
Peripheral nerve blocks of the lower extremities for trauma patients | p. 203 |
Other regional analgesic techniques used in trauma patients | p. 205 |
Local anesthetics and analgesic adjuvants for regional anesthesia | p. 206 |
Risks of regional anesthesia in trauma | p. 208 |
Compartment syndrome | p. 209 |
Peripheral nerve injury | p. 210 |
Regional anesthesia in the heavily sedated or anesthetized patient | p. 212 |
Infection | p. 213 |
Coagulopathy | p. 213 |
Prehospital and emergency room management of adult trauma: regional anesthesia in the field | p. 214 |
Summary | p. 216 |
Index | p. 223 |
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