Advances in Chromatography: Volume 45

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ISBN: 9781574447354 | 1574447351
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/25/2006

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For more than four decades, scientists and researchers have relied on the Advances in Chromatography series for the most up-to-date information on a wide range of developments in chromatographic methods and applications. Focusing on developments that enable scientists to analyze a higher volume of smaller molecules under high-throughput conditions, Volume 45 of this authoritative series compiles the work of expert contributors to present timely and cutting-edge reviews. The clear presentation of topics and vivid illustrations make the material in Advances in Chromatography: Volume 45 accessible and engaging to a variety of chemists at all levels of technical skill.

Chapter 1 The Thermodynamic and Kinetic Basis of Liquid Chromatography

(88)

Xiaoping Li, Amber M. Hupp, and Victoria L. McGuffin

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Theory

(8)

A. Thermodynamics

(4)

B. Kinetics

(2)

III. Methods

(9)

A. Perturbation Methods

(2)

1. Temperature Jump Method

(1)

2. Pressure Jump Method

(1)

3. Dipole Jump Method

(1)

B. Shallow Bed Method

(1)

C. Chromatographic Methods

(6)

1. Frontal Method

(1)

2. Impulse Method

(6)

IV. Applications of Thermodynamic and Kinetic Methods

(57)

A. Partition

(26)

1. Fundamental Studies of the Retention Mechanism

(2)

2. Effect of Alkyl Chain Length and Bonding Density

(11)

3. Effect of Support

(1)

4. Effect of Mobile Phase Composition

(3)

5. Effect of Solute Structure and Concentration

(8)

B. Adsorption

(12)

1. Poly(styrene-divinylbenzene)

(2)

2. Porous Graphitic Carbon

(5)

3. Other Organic Adsorbents

(1)

4. Silica

(4)

C. Ion Exchange

(3)

D. Size Exclusion

(2)

E. Chiral

(31)

1. Brush CSPs

(2)

2. Inclusion CSPs

(4)

3. Polysaccharide CSPs

(5)

4. Affinity CSPs

(3)

V. Conclusion

(1)

References

(12)

Chapter 2 Applications of Ionic Liquids in Extraction, Chromatography, and Electrophoresis

(36)

Colin F. Poole

I. Introduction

(4)

II. Extraction Solvents

(11)

A. Extraction of Organic Compounds

(6)

B. Liquid-Phase Microextraction

100

(1)

C. Supported Liquid Membranes

101

(1)

D. Extraction of Inorganic Compounds

101

(2)

E. Supercritical Fluid Extraction from Ionic Liquids

103

(1)

III. Liquid Chromatography

104

(2)

IV. Electrophoresis

106

(3)

A. Capillary Electrophoresis

107

(2)

V. Gas Chromatography

109

(10)

A. Retention Mechanisms

109

(2)

B. Chromatographic Selectivity

111

(6)

C. Chemical Reactivity Problems

117

(1)

D. Open-Tubular Columns

117

(2)

VI. Conclusion

119

(1)

References

120

(5)

Chapter 3 Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis to Molecular Recognition and Analysis of In-Capillary Enzyme-Mediated Transformations

125

(48)

Jose Zavaleta, Dinora B. Chinchilla, Abby Brown, Alejandra Ramirez, Violet Calderon, Taguhi Sogomonyan, Ruth Montes, and Frank A. Gomez

I. Introduction

126

(3)

II. Results and Discussion

129

(38)

A. Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis

129

(1)

B. Partial Filling Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis

130

(7)

C. Flow-Through Partial Filling Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis

137

(1)

D. Competitive Flow-Through Partial Filling Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis

137

(5)

E. Multiple-Injection Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis Techniques

142

(7)

1. Multiple-Step Ligand Injection Partial Filling Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis

142

(2)

2. Multiple-Injection Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis

144

(5)

F. Enzyme-Mediated Microreactions

149

(10)

1. Single On-Column Enzyme-Catalyzed Microreactions

149

(3)

2. Double On-Column Enzyme-Catalyzed Microreactions

152

(3)

3. On-Column Enzyme-Catalyzed Microreactions Using Indirect Detection

155

(4)

G. ACE Coupled to On-Column Microreactions

159

(42)

1. On-Column Ligand Derivatization Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis

159

(4)

2. On-Column Receptor Derivatization Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis (OCRDACE)

163

(4)

III. Conclusion

167

(1)

Acknowledgments

167

(1)

References

168

(5)

Chapter 4 Aptamers as Molecular Recognition Elements in Chromatographic Separations

173

(24)

Daniela Hutanu and Vincent T3 Remcho

I. Introduction

173

(2)

II. Aptamers as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Sorbents

175

(7)

III. Aptamers as Micro Liquid Chromatography Sorbents

182

(3)

IV. Aptamers as Capillary Electrochromatography Sorbents

185

(8)

V. Conclusion

193

(1)

References

194

(3)

Chapter 5 Advances in High-Throughput High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and "Purification-Friendly" Combinatorial Library Design Strategies

197

(18)

Sabine Schefzick

I. Introduction

197

(1)

II. New High-Throughput Purification Strategies

198

(1)

III. How to Increase Throughput

199

(1)

IV. Which HPLC Methods Are Used in High-Throughput Mode?

200

(1)

V. Recent Advances in High-Throughput HPLC

201

(4)

A. UV-HPLC

202

(1)

B. MS-HPLC

203

(2)

VI. Combinatorial Library Design with Purification Considerations

205

(5)

A. Introduction to QSAR and QSRR

205

(3)

B. QSRR Approach for Combinatorial Library Design

208

(2)

VII. Conclusion

210

(1)

References

210

(5)

Chapter 6 Biological, Clinical, and Forensic Analysis Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

215

(30)

Nicholas H. Snow

I. Introduction

216

(1)

II. History

216

(4)

A. Overview of Multidimensional Separations

217

(1)

B. Classical Heart-Cutting in GC

217

(2)

C. Development of Comprehensive GCxGC

219

(1)

D. Overview of Complex Separations in Clinical, Biological, and Forensic Analysis

219

(1)

III. GCxGC Fundamentals and Instrumentation

220

(11)

A. Modulation Techniques

220

(1)

B. Injection and Sampling

221

(3)

C. Column Selection

224

(1)

D. Detectors

225

(2)

E. Data Handling

227

(4)

1. Peak Integration and Identification

229

(1)

2. Target Compound Analysis

230

(1)

3. Fingerprinting and Group Analysis

231

(1)

IV. Additional Applications

231

(7)

A. Biological

231

(1)

B. Clinical and Drug Testing

232

(4)

C. Forensic

236

(1)

D. Pharmaceutical

236

(1)

E. Natural Products

237

(1)

V. Conclusion

238

(1)

Acknowledgments

238

(1)

References

238

(7)

Chapter 7 Determination of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Found in Environmental Samples by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

245

(30)

James D. Stuart

I. Introduction

245

(2)

II. Pertinent GC/MS Research Papers

247

(12)

III. Polychlorinated and Polybrominated Compounds

259

(4)

IV. Analysis of Natural Phytohormones by GC/MS

263

(2)

V. Special Gas Chromatographic Methods: Online SPE Concentration, Solid Phase Microextraction, and Stir Bar Extraction

265

(3)

VI. Newer Developments in Chromatographic Methods

268

(3)

References

271

(4)

Index

275

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Advances in Chromatography: Volume 45

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials