Advances in Geophysics

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780120188505 | 0120188503
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/27/2006

Sorry, this item is currently not available.

The critically acclaimed serialized review journal for nearly fifty years, Advances in Geophysics is a highly respected publication in the field of geophysics. Since 1952, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with over 45 volumes, the Serial contains much material still relevant today-truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of geophysics.

PREFACE

CONTENTS

CONTRIBUTORS

xix

Chapter 1 Seismic Ray Method: Recent Developments

VLASTISLAV CERVENÝ, LUDEK KLIMEŠ AND IVAN PŠENCIK

1. Introduction

(3)

2. Seismic Ray Theories for Isotropic and Anisotropic Media

(47)

2.1. Seismic Rays and Travel Times. Initial-Value Ray Tracing

(5)

2.2. Ray Histories, Two-Point Ray Tracing, Wavefront Tracing

(16)

2.3. Dynamic Ray Tracing. Paraxial Ray Methods

(10)

2.4. Ray-Theory Amplitude

(3)

2.5. Effects of Interfaces

(3)

2.6. Ray-Theory Green Function

(4)

2.7. Ray-Theory Seismograms

(2)

3. Ray-Theory Perturbations

(5)

3.1. Perturbation Parameters

(1)

3.2. Perturbation of Travel Time

(2)

3.3. Optimizing Model Updates During Linearized Inversion of Travel Times

(1)

4. Coupling Ray Theory for S Waves

(12)

4.1. Coupling Equation for S Waves

(1)

4.2. Coupling-Ray-Theory S-Wave Propagator Matrix

(1)

4.3. Quasi-Isotropic Approximations of the Coupling Ray Theory

(3)

4.4. Numerical Examples

(6)

5. Summation of Gaussian Beams and Packets

(29)

5.1. Gaussian Beams

(6)

5.2. Gaussian Packets

(7)

5.3. Optimization of the Shape of Gaussian Beams or Packets

(1)

5.4. Asymptotic Summation of Gaussian Beams and Packets

(12)

5.5. Decomposition of a General Wavefield into Gaussian Packets or Beams

(1)

5.6. Sensitivity of Waves to Heterogeneities

(1)

5.7. Migrations

(1)

6. Ray Chaos, Lyapunov Exponents, Models Suitable for Ray Tracing

(13)

6.1. Lyapunov Exponents and Rotation Numbers

(9)

6.2. Models Suitable for Ray Tracing

106

(4)

7. Other Topics Related to the Ray Method

110

(8)

7.1. Higher-Order Ray Approximations

110

(2)

7.2. Direct Computation of First-Arrival Travel Times

112

(2)

7.3. Ray Method with Complex Eikonal

114

(2)

7.4. Hybrid Methods

116

(2)

7.5. Several Other Extensions of the Ray Method

118

(1)

Acknowledgements

118

(1)

References

118

(9)

Chapter 2 Introduction to Mode Coupling Methods for Surface Waves

VALÉRIE MAUPIN

1. Introduction

127

(1)

2. Modes and Mode Coupling

128

(3)

3. Local Modes

131

(12)

3.1. A Simple Example of Local Mode Coupling: Welded Spaces

131

(5)

3.2. Local Mode Coupling: The General Case

136

(3)

3.3. Surface Wave Ray Tracing

139

(4)

4. Reference Modes

143

(9)

4.1. Two-Dimensional Method of Kennett

144

(2)

4.2. Multiple-Scattering

146

(2)

4.3. Single-Scattering Approximation

148

(4)

5. Conclusion and Perspectives

152

(1)

References

153

(4)

Chapter 3 Boundary Integral Equations and Boundary Elements Methods in Elastodynamics

MICHEL BOUCHON AND FRANCISCO J. SÁNCHEZ-SESMA

1. Introduction

157

(2)

2. The Direct BIE

159

(2)

3. The Indirect BIE

161

(5)

4. The Calculation of the Green's functions

166

(7)

4.1. Approximate Representations

166

(1)

4.2. 2-D Green's Functions

167

(1)

4.3. 2.5-D Green's Functions

168

(2)

4.4. 3-D Green's Functions

170

(1)

4.5. Non-Homogeneous Media Green's Functions

170

(3)

5. Discretization and Inversion

173

(1)

6. Time Domain Implementation

174

(2)

7. Other Boundary Methods

176

(3)

8. Hybrid Methods

179

(1)

9. Domains of Application

179

(4)

10. Concluding Remarks

183

(1)

Acknowledgements

183

(1)

References

183

(8)

Chapter 4 Generation and Propagation of Seismic SH Waves in Multi-Layered Media with Irregular Interfaces

XIAO-FEI CHEN

1. Introduction

191

(1)

2. Seismic SH Wave Generation and Propagation in Multi-Layered Media with Irregular Interfaces

192

(41)

2.1. Integral Equation and its Discrete Wave Number Representation

193

(3)

2.2. Simultaneous Matrix Equations

196

(5)

2.3. Global Generalized Reflection/Transmission Matrices

201

(4)

2.4. Solution Synthesis

205

(5)

2.5. Numerical Validation by the Analytical Solution

210

(5)

2.6. Comparisons with Other Existing Methods

215

(7)

2.7. More Numerical Examples

222

(11)

3. Love Wave in Multi-Layered Media with Irregular Interfaces

233

(17)

3.1. Modal Solution of Love Wave in an Arbitrarily Irregular Multi-Layered Medium

234

(7)

3.2. Excitation Formula of Love Wave in Irregular Multi-Layered Media

241

(5)

3.3. Comparisons with Classic Theory of Love Wave in Laterally Homogeneous Multi-Layered Media

246

(4)

4. Concluding Remarks

250

(1)

Acknowledgements

251

(1)

Appendix A

252

(3)

Appendix B

255

(2)

Appendix C

257

(2)

Appendix D

259

(2)

References

261

(5)

Chapter 5 One-Way and One-Return Approximations (de Wolf Approximation) for Fast Elastic Wave Modeling in Complex Media

RU-SHAN WU, XIAO-BI XIE AND XIAN-YUN WU

1. Introduction

266

(1)

2. Born, Rytov, De Wolf Approximations and Multiple Scattering Series

267

(10)

2.1. Born Approximation and Rytov Approximation: Their Strong and Weak Points

268

(4)

2.2. De Wolf Approximation

272

(3)

2.3. The De Wolf Series (DWS) of Multiple Scattering

275

(2)

3. A Dual-Domain Thin-Slab Formulation for One-Return (MFSB) Synthetics

277

(10)

3.1. The Case of Scalar Media

278

(2)

3.2. The Case of Acoustic Media

280

(2)

3.3. The Case of Elastic Media

282

(4)

3.4. Implementation Procedure of the One-Return Simulation

286

(1)

4. Fast Algorithm of the Elastic Thin-Slab Propagator and Some Practical Issues

287

(10)

4.1. Fast Implementation in Dual Domains

287

(3)

4.2. Incorporation of Boundary Transmission/Reflection into the One-Return Method

290

(1)

4.3. Treatment of Anelasticity: The Q-Factor

290

(1)

4.4. Numerical Tests for the Elastic Thin-Slab Method

291

(6)

5. The Screen Approximation

297

(9)

5.1. Screen Propagators for Acoustic Media

297

(6)

5.2. Screen Approximation for Elastic Media: Elastic complex Screen Method

303

(1)

5.3. Complex Screen Method with First-Order Corrections

304

(2)

6. Reflected Wave Field Modeling Using Thin-Slab Method

306

(12)

6.1. Reflection Coefficients of Sedimentary Interfaces

307

(2)

6.2. Reflections from a Dipping Sandstone Reservoir

309

(2)

6.3. Reservoir Reflections with Scattering and Attenuation from a Heterogeneous Overburden

311

(2)

6.4. Thin Layer AVO Response

313

(3)

6.5. AVO Response in Laterally Varying Media

316

(2)

7. Conclusions

318

(1)

Acknowledgements

318

(1)

References

319

(5)

Chapter 6 Simulation of High-Frequency Wave Propagation in Complex Crustal Waveguides Using Generalized Screen Propagators

RU-SHAN WU, XIAN-YUN WU AND XIAO-BI XIE

1. Introduction

324

(4)

2. A Brief Description of the Generalized Screen Propagator for Guided Waves

328

(3)

3. SH Wave Case

331

(19)

3.1. Half-Space Screen Propagator

331

(3)

3.2. Treatment of the Moho Discontinuity

334

(1)

3.3. Numerical Verifications and Simulation Examples

335

(3)

3.4. Application to Energy Partition and Attenuation in Crustal Waveguide with Random Heterogeneities

338

(5)

3.5. SH-Waves in Crustal Waveguides with Irregular Surface Topography

343

(7)

4. P-SV Case

350

(6)

5. Conclusion

356

(2)

Acknowledgements

358

(1)

References

358

(7)

Chapter 7 Spectral-Element Analysis in Seismology

EMMANUEL CHALJUB, DIMITRI KOMATITSCH, JEAN-PIERRE VILOTTE, YANN CAPDEVILLE, BERNARD VALETTE AND GAETANO FESTA

1. Introduction

365

(2)

2. The Wave Equation in Regional and Global Seismology

367

(12)

2.1. General Framework

368

(1)

2.2. Reference Configuration

368

(1)

2.3. The Gravito-Elastodynamic Equations

369

(2)

2.4. Potential Formulation in Fluid Regions

371

(3)

2.5. Initial and Boundary Conditions

374

(1)

2.6. Coupling Boundaries

375

(2)

2.7. Weak Formulation

377

(2)

3. Spectral-Element Approximation

379

(10)

3.1. Spatial Discretization

379

(10)

4. Time Discretization

389

(5)

4.1. Newmark Time Stepping Method

389

(1)

4.2. Rotation

390

(1)

4.3. Self-Gravitation

391

(2)

4.4. Attenuation

393

(1)

4.5. Implementation of a Perfectly Matched Layer

393

(1)

5. Implementation

394

(2)

5.1. Choice of Parameters for Accurate Calculations

394

(1)

5.2. Parallel Implementation

395

(1)

6. Applications

396

(10)

6.1. 3-D Ground Motion in Alpine Valleys

396

(6)

6.2. 3-D Spectral-Element Reference Solution

402

(1)

6.3. 3-D Modeling in the D" region

403

(3)

7. Conclusions and Perspectives

406

(1)

Acknowledgements

407

(1)

Appendix A. Modified Hooke's Law

407

(3)

A.1. Intrinsic Attenuation

407

(2)

A.2. Fictitious Attenuation in Absorbing Layers

409

(1)

Appendix B. DtN Operators

410

(3)

B.1. Dynamic Coupling

410

(2)

B.2. Static Coupling

412

(1)

B.3. Ocean Load Approximation

412

(1)

References

413

(8)

Chapter 8 The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method for Modeling of Seismic Wave Propagation

PETER MOCZO, JOHAN O.A. ROBERTSSON AND LEO EISNER

1. Introduction

421

(12)

1.1. The Grid

423

(1)

1.2. The FD Approximations to Derivatives

424

(2)

1.3. Basic Properties of the FD Equations and their Solution

426

(1)

1.4. Explicit and Implicit FD Schemes

427

(1)

1.5. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous FD Schemes

427

(1)

1.6. The Equation of Motion, Hooke's Law, and FD Schemes

428

(4)

1.7. Algorithms for Enhancing Computational Performance

432

(1)

2. Optimally Accurate FD Operators

433

(6)

2.1. General Criterion for Optimally Accurate FD Operators

434

(3)

2.2. Optimally Accurate FD Operators for 1-D problem in a Homogeneous Medium

437

(2)

3. Complex Viscoelastic Media with Material Discontinuities

439

(25)

3.1. A Material Discontinuity in the Elastic Medium

439

(9)

3.2. Incorporation of the Realistic Attenuation

448

(16)

4. Anisotropic Media

464

(4)

5. Free Surface

468

(13)

5.1. Traction-Free Boundary Condition

468

(1)

5.2. Planar Free Surface

469

(4)

5.3. Free-Surface Topography

473

(8)

6. Wavefield Excitation

481

(20)

6.1. Direct Modeling of the Point Sources

481

(2)

6.2. Introducing the Source Wavefield Along a Boundary Internal to the Grid

483

(3)

6.3. Dynamic Modeling of Earthquake Rupture

486

(9)

6.4. Non-Reflecting Boundaries

495

(6)

7. Memory Optimization and Parallelization

501

(6)

7.1. Memory Optimization

501

(5)

7.2. Parallelization

506

(1)

Acknowledgements

507

(1)

References

508

(9)

Chapter 9 A Lattice Boltzmann Approach to Acoustic-Wave Propagation

LIANJIE HUANG

1. Introduction

517

(3)

2. The History of the Use of Discretization

520

(2)

3. Lattice Gas Approach

522

(3)

3.1. Particle Movement

522

(1)

3.2. Particle Collision Rules

522

(2)

3.3. Microdynamical Equation

524

(1)

3.4. Conservation Relations

525

(1)

4. Lattice Boltzmann Approaches

525

(3)

4.1. I: A Fermi–Dirac-Type Approach

525

(3)

4.2. II: A Bose-Like Approach

528

(1)

5. A Lattice Boltzmann Method for Modeling Acoustic Waves: Phononic Lattice Solid by Interpolation

528

(8)

5.1. Transportation Step

529

(1)

5.2. Transmission and Reflection Steps

529

(2)

5.3. Collision Step

531

(2)

5.4. The First-Order Chapman–Enskog Expansion of the Quasi-Particle Number Density Nα

533

(1)

5.5. The Acoustic-Wave Equation

534

(2)

6. Absorbing Boundary Condition

536

(4)

6.1. Zero-Valued Reflection Coefficients at Absorbing Boundaries

536

(1)

6.2. Viscous Absorbing Boundary Layers

537

(2)

6.3. Incidence Angle Dependence of the Absorbing Boundary Condition

539

(1)

7. Free-Surface Reflections

540

(6)

7.1. Numerical Simulations of Free-Surface Reflections

544

(1)

7.2. Numerical Simulations of Reflections From Free-Surface Topography

545

(1)

8. Acoustic Waves in Strongly Heterogeneous Media

546

(8)

8.1. Wave Propagation in a Finely Layered Medium

548

(1)

8.2. Wave Propagation in a Medium with Aligned Heterogeneities

549

(1)

8.3. Wave Propagation in a Medium with a Circular Empty Bubble

550

(3)

8.4. Wave Propagation in a Medium with Random Empty Bubbles

553

(1)

9. Conclusions

554

(2)

Acknowledgements

556

(1)

References

556

(6)

Chapter 10 Synthesis of Seismogram Envelopes in Heterogeneous Media

HARUO SATO AND MICHAEL C. FEHLER

1. Introduction

562

(5)

2. Scalar Wave Equation in 2-D Random Media

567

(1)

3. Finite Difference Simulation in Gaussian-Type Random Media

568

(3)

3.1. Realization of Random Media

568

(1)

3.2. Finite Difference Simulation

569

(2)

3.3. FD Envelopes as Reference Envelopes

571

(1)

4. Markov Approximation for Gaussian-Type Random Media

571

(7)

4.1. Coherent Wave Field

572

(2)

4.2. Two-Frequency Mutual Coherence Function

574

(1)

4.3. Quasi-Monochromatic Waves

574

(2)

4.4. Analytic Solution for the Case of Gaussian ACF

576

(2)

4.5. Markov Envelopes in Gaussian-Type Random Media

578

(1)

5. Markov Approximation for von Karman-Type Random Media

578

(4)

5.1. FD Envelopes as Reference Envelopes

579

(1)

5.2. Markov Envelopes

580

(2)

5.3. Comparison of Markov Envelopes with Reference Envelopes

582

(1)

6. Radiative Transfer Theory for von Karman-Type Random Media of kappa = 0.1

582

(6)

6.1. Momentum Transfer Scattering Coefficient

583

(1)

6.2. Radiative Transfer Integral Equation for Isotropic Scattering Process

584

(4)

7. Hybrid Envelope Synthesis for von Karman-Type Random Media Having kappa = 0.1

588

(1)

8. Overview of Envelope Studies

589

(2)

8.1. Envelope Broadening Studies

589

(1)

8.2. Diffusion Studies

590

(1)

8.3. Three-Component Envelope Studies

590

(1)

8.4. Envelopes of Teleseismic Seismograms

591

(1)

9. Conclusion and Discussion

591

(2)

Acknowledgements

593

(1)

References

593

(4)

SUBJECT INDEX

597

Please wait while the item is added to your bag...

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Advances in Geophysics

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Advances in Geophysics

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Digital License