Advances in Microstrip and Printed Antennas

, by Lee, Kai Fong; Chen, Wei

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ISBN: 9780471044215 | 0471044210
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 6/23/1997

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Summary

Author Biography

Supplemental Materials

* Includes design data and an extensive bibliography

Contributors

xiii

(4)

Preface

xvii

1 Probe-Fed Microstrip Antennas

(70)

K. F. Lee

W. Chen

R. Q. Lee

1.1 Introduction

(3)

1.2 Full-Wave Analysis of Multilayer Multipatch Microstrip Antennas

(15)

1.2.1 Introductory Remarks

(1)

1.2.2 Conventions and Definitions

(2)

1.2.3 Basic Formulations

(6)

1.2.4 Green's Functions

(6)

1.3 Spectral Domain Full-Wave Analysis of Probe-Fed Rectangular Microstrip Antennas

(16)

1.3.1 Formulation

(4)

1.3.2 Basis Functions

(1)

1.3.3 Multiple Feeds and Shorting Pins

(2)

1.3.4 Attachment Modes

(9)

1.4 Representative Numerical and Experimental Results

(28)

1.4.1 Single Patch

(6)

1.4.2 Single Patch in Multidielectric Media

(8)

1.4.3 Coplanar Parasitic Subarray

(3)

1.4.4 Two-Layer Stacked Patches

(10)

1.5 Rectangular Patch with a U-Shaped Slot

(5)

1.6 Concluding Remarks

(1)

References

(3)

2 Aperture-Coupled Multilayer Microstrip Antennas

(52)

K. M. Luk

T. M. Au

K. F. Tong

K. F. Lee

2.1 Introduction

(2)

2.2 Green's Function Formulation

(5)

2.2.1 Field Components

(2)

2.2.2 Boundary Conditions

(2)

2.3 Galerkin's Method

(3)

2.4 Illustrative Results

(28)

2.4.1 Microstrip Antenna with an Air Gap

(1)

2.4.2 Coplanar Microstrip Subarrays

(10)

2.4.3 Offset Dual-Patch Microstrip Antennas

(4)

2.4.4 Two-Layer Microstrip Antennas with Stacked Parasitic Patches

(12)

2.5 Infinite Arrays of Aperture-Coupled Multilayer Microstrip Antennas

109

(9)

2.5.1 Skewed Periodic Structure and Floquet Modes

109

(4)

2.5.2 Infinite Array of Microstrip Antennas with Air Gaps

113

(1)

2.5.3 Infinite Array of Dual-Patch Microstrip Antennas

114

(4)

2.6 Conclusions

118

(2)

Appendix: Fourier Transforms of Expansion and Test Functions

120

(1)

Acknowledgments

121

(1)

References

121

(2)

3 Microstrip Arrays: Analysis, Design, and Applications

123

(40)

John Huang

David M. Pozar

3.1 Introduction

123

(1)

3.2 Analysis Techniques for Microstrip Arrays

124

(13)

3.2.1 Review of Microstrip Antenna Analysis Techniques

125

(1)

3.2.2 Full-Wave Moment Method Analysis

126

(2)

3.2.3 Calculation of Mutual Coupling

128

(4)

3.2.4 Infinite Array Analysis

132

(2)

3.2.5 The Active Element Pattern

134

(1)

3.2.6 Waveguide Simulators

135

(2)

3.3 Design Methodology

137

(15)

3.3.1 Array Configuration Design

138

(5)

3.3.2 Patch Element Design

143

(1)

3.3.3 Power Division Transmission Line Design

144

(4)

3.3.4 Microstrip Reflectarray Design

148

(4)

3.4 Applications

152

(7)

3.4.1 Military Applications

152

(2)

3.4.2 Space Applications

154

(3)

3.4.3 Commercial Applications

157

(2)

3.5 Summary and Conclusion

159

(1)

References

159

(4)

4 Dual and Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas

163

(60)

P. S. Hall

J. S. Dahele

4.1 Introduction

163

(1)

4.2 Polarization in Antenna Systems

164

(1)

4.3 Generation of Orthogonal Polarizations

165

(2)

4.4 Circularly Polarized Patches

167

(16)

4.4.1 Orthogonal Patches

169

(1)

4.4.2 Multipoint Feeds

170

(7)

4.4.3 Single-Point Feeds

177

(6)

4.5 Dual Polarized Patches

183

(1)

4.5.1 Triangular Patch with Right- and Left-Hand Circular Polarization

184

(1)

4.6 Microstrip Spirals

184

(2)

4.6.1 Operation of the Spiral Antenna

185

(1)

4.7 Special Substrates and Active Antennas

186

(2)

4.8 Dual and Circularly Polarized Arrays

188

(29)

4.8.1 Patch Arrays

188

(1)

4.8.2 Microstrip Line Arrays

188

(2)

4.8.3 Sequentially Rotated Arrays

190

(27)

4.9 Conclusions

217

(1)

References

217

(6)

5 Computer-Aided Design of Rectangular Microstrip Antennas

223

(50)

David R. Jackson

Stuart A. Long

Jeffery T. Williams

Vickie B. Davis

5.1 Introduction

223

(1)

5.2 CAD Model for Rectangular Patch Antenna

224

(7)

5.3 CAD Formulas for Resonance Frequency

231

(3)

5.4 CAD Formulas for the Q Factors

234

(8)

5.4.1 Dielectric and Conductor Q Factors

234

(1)

5.4.2 Relation Between Surface-Wave and Space-Wave Q Factors

235

(2)

5.4.3 Space-Wave Quality Factor

237

(5)

5.5 CAD Formula for Bandwidth

242

(4)

5.5.1 CAD Formula

243

(1)

5.5.2 Results

243

(3)

5.6 CAD Formula for Radiation Efficiency

246

(2)

5.6.1 CAD Formula

246

(1)

5.6.2 Results

247

(1)

5.7 CAD Formula for Input Resistance

248

(4)

5.8 CAD Formula for Probe Reactance

252

(2)

5.9 Results for Input Impedance

254

(2)

5.10 Radiation Patterns

256

(7)

5.10.1 Infinite Substrate

256

(4)

5.10.2 Truncated Substrate

260

(3)

5.11 CAD Formula for Directivity

263

(2)

5.12 Conclusions

265

(1)

Appendix A: Derivation of the p Factor

266

(3)

Appendix B: Radiation Formulas for HED and HMD

269

(1)

References

270

(3)

6 Multifunction Printed Antennas

273

(52)

J. R. James

G. Andrasic

6.1 Introduction

273

(1)

6.2 Printed Antenna Design Freedom

274

(2)

6.3 Multifunction Antenna Design Opportunities and Recent Advances

276

(36)

6.3.1 Choice of Substrate Materials and Their Design Potential

276

(10)

6.3.2 Innovative Use of Superstrates

286

(8)

6.3.3 Printed Conductor Topology

294

(8)

6.3.4 Quest for Feeder Simplicity

302

(5)

6.3.5 Conformality

307

(1)

6.3.6 Integration of Antennas and Circuits

308

(4)

6.4 Possible Future Developments

312

(5)

6.4.1 Impact of New Materials

312

(3)

6.4.2 The Application Drivers

315

(2)

6.5 Conclusions

317

(1)

References

317

(8)

7 Superconducting Microstrip Antennas

325

(46)

Jeffery T. Williams

Jarrett D. Morrow

David R. Jackson

Stuart A. Long

7.1 Introduction

325

(1)

7.2 Basics of Superconductivity

326

(12)

7.2.1 General Properties of Superconductors

327

(2)

7.2.2 High-Temperature Superconductors

329

(4)

7.2.3 Characteristics of High-Temperature Superconductors

333

(5)

7.3 HTS Microstrip Transmission Lines and Antennas

338

(16)

7.3.1 Superconducting Transmission Lines and Feed Networks

339

(8)

7.3.2 Superconducting Microstrip Patch Antennas

347

(7)

7.4 Design Considerations

354

(2)

7.5 Experimental Results

356

(9)

7.6 Summary

365

(1)

Appendix

365

(2)

References

367

(4)

8 Active Microstrip Antennas

371

(72)

Julio A. Navarro

Kai Chang

8.1 Introduction

371

(3)

8.2 The Early History of Integrated Antennas

374

(2)

8.3 Diode-Integrated Active Microwave Antennas

376

(14)

8.4 Transistor-Integrated Active Microstrip Antennas

390

(19)

8.5 Diode Arrays for Spatial Power Combining

409

(13)

8.6 Transistor Arrays for Spatial Power Combining

422

(6)

8.7 System Applications

428

(3)

8.8 Conclusions and Future Trends

431

(1)

Acknowledgments

432

(1)

References

432

(11)

9 Tapered Slot Antenna

443

(72)

Richard Q. Lee

Rainee N. Simons

9.1 Introduction

443

(1)

9.2 Basic Geometries

444

(3)

9.3 Design Considerations

447

(1)

9.4 Fundamentals

447

(6)

9.5 Analytical Methods

453

(8)

9.5.1 Analysis of Uniform Slotline by the Spectral Domain Approach

455

(4)

9.5.2 Far-Field Computation

459

(2)

9.6 Feeding Techniques

461

(15)

9.7 Characteristics of TSA

476

(22)

9.7.1 Radiation Characteristics

476

(11)

9.7.2 Impedance Characteristics

487

(7)

9.7.3 Bandwidth Characteristics

494

(1)

9.7.4 Field Distributions

495

(3)

9.8 Tapered Slot Antenna Arrays

498

(4)

9.9 Active Tapered Slot Antenna Array

502

(8)

9.10 Conclusion

510

(1)

References

510

(5)

10 Efficient Modeling of Microstrip Antennas Using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method

515

(38)

Siva Chebolu

Supriyo Dey

Raj Mittra

John Svigelj

10.1 Introduction

515

(1)

10.2 A Comparison of Various CAD Approaches

516

(3)

10.3 The Basic FDTD Algorithm

519

(3)

10.4 Efficient FDTD Modeling of Microstrip Antennas

522

(12)

10.4.1 Spatial Discretization

522

(4)

10.4.2 Source Excitation

526

(1)

10.4.3 Phased Array Excitation

526

(1)

10.4.4 Extrapolation Techniques

526

(4)

10.4.5 Impedance

530

(1)

10.4.6 Absorbing Boundaries

531

(1)

10.4.7 Radiation Pattern

532

(1)

10.4.8 Distributed Computing

533

(1)

10.4.9 Dielectric Loss Tangent

534

(1)

10.5 Single Patch Modeling

534

(4)

10.5.1 Impedance of a Patch Antenna Mounted on a Moderately Thick Substrate

535

(1)

10.5.2 Impedance of a Patch Antenna Mounted on a Thick Substrate

536

(2)

10.5.3 Effect of a Finite Ground Plane on Impedance and Radiation Pattern

538

(1)

10.6 Analysis of a Two-Layer Stacked Patch Antenna

538

(5)

10.7 Design of a Compact Broadband Antenna

543

(4)

10.8 Conclusions

547

(1)

References

548

(5)

11 Analysis of Dielectric Resonator Antennas

553

(40)

K. M. Luk

K. W. Leung

S. M. Shum

11.1 Introduction

553

(2)

11.2 Analysis of Aperture-Coupled Hemispherical DR Antenna

555

(18)

11.2.1 Problem Formulation

556

(1)

11.2.2 Moment Method Solution

557

(3)

11.2.3 Derivation of DR Antenna Green's Function G(H)(y)(M)(y)

560

(6)

11.2.4 Evaluation of Y(a)(mn)

566

(1)

11.2.5 Single-Cavity-Mode Approximation

567

(1)

11.2.6 Single-Cavity-Mode Radiation Field of the DR Antenna

568

(1)

11.2.7 Results and Discussions

568

(5)

11.2.8 Summary

573

(1)

11.3 FDTD Analysis of Probe-Fed Cylindrical DR Antenna

573

(16)

11.3.1 The FDTD Method

574

(2)

11.3.2 Antenna Feed Modeling

576

(2)

11.3.3 Absorbing Boundary Condition

578

(1)

11.3.4 Input Impedance Calculation

579

(1)

11.3.5 Far-Field Calculations

580

(2)

11.3.6 Results and Discussions

582

(7)

11.3.7 Summary

589

(1)

References

589

(4)

Index

593

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Advances in Microstrip and Printed Antennas

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials