Advances in Solar Energy

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ISBN: 9781844072446 | 1844072444
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/30/2005

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The Advances in Solar Energy series offers state-of-the-art information on all primary renewable energy technologies, including solar, wind and biomass, bringing together invited contributions from the foremost international experts in renewable energy.

About the Authors	p. xiii
Anthropogenic Global Warming: Evidence, Predictions and Consequences	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
Fundamentals of Climate Change	p. 4
Empirical Evidences of Anthropogenic Climate Change	p. 7
Reliability of Climate Models as Tools for Future Climate Predictions	p. 13
What Can We Learn From Past Climate Changes	p. 16
Prediction of Future Climate Change	p. 19
Summary and Conclusions	p. 28
References	p. 29
Beyond Oil: A Comparison of Projections of PV Generation and European and U.S. Domestic Oil Production	p. 35
Introduction	p. 36
Forecasting PV Electricity Generation	p. 37
Reasonableness of the Forecasts	p. 47
Current and Competitive PV Prices	p. 49
Forecasting Oil Production	p. 52
Comparison of the Energy Values of Future Oil Production and PV Systems	p. 54
The Role of Policy in PV's Future	p. 58
From Forecast to Policy	p. 62
References	p. 63
Recent Advances in Solar Photovoltaic Technology and its New Roles to Contribute to Environmental Issues	p. 71
Introduction: Evolution of Industrial Development with the Energy Revolution	p. 72
3E-Trilemma and Clean Energy Developments	p. 74
High Conversion Efficiency Research and Development Efforts and Their Recent Achievements	p. 78
Accelerated Promotion of Photovoltaic Technology in Japan	p. 85
Future Prospects and Roadmap for Solar Photovoltaics	p. 88
References	p. 94
III-V Compound Multi-junction and Concentrator Solar Cells	p. 97
Introduction	p. 98
Historical Background	p. 99
Key Technologies for High-efficiency Cells	p. 100
High-efficiency Multi-junction Cells	p. 105
More Recent Approaches for High-efficiency MJ Solar Cells	p. 105
High-efficiency Concentrator MJ Solar Cells	p. 111
High-efficiency and Low-cost Concentrator MJ Cell Modules	p. 113
High-efficiency and Radiation-resistant Space Solar Cells	p. 115
Future Prospects	p. 123
Summary	p. 124
Acknowledgements	p. 126
References	p. 126
Progress of Highly Reliable Crystalline Si Solar Devices and Materials	p. 129
Introduction	p. 130
Reliability of Silicon Solar Modules During Exposure Testing	p. 131
Solarization of Front Glass Sheets	p. 137
Yellowing of Encapsulation Materials	p. 137
Light-induced Degradation of Silicon Solar Cells	p. 138
Suppression of Lifetime Degradation	p. 149
Conclusion	p. 150
Acknowledgements	p. 151
References	p. 151
Recent Advances in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plant Technology	p. 155
Introduction	p. 156
Operating Experience of the SEGS Plants	p. 161
Solar Collector Technology	p. 168
Heat Transfer Fluids and Thermal Storage	p. 191
Process Design Developments	p. 200
Evaluating Trough Power Plant Economics	p. 205
Cost Reduction of Future Parabolic Trough Electricity	p. 216
Conclusion	p. 226
Acknowledgements	p. 226
Nomenclature	p. 226
References	p. 227
Solar Pond Technologies: A Review and Future Directions	p. 233
Introduction	p. 234
Solar Pond Advances in Australia	p. 235
Solar Pond Advances in the USA	p. 248
Review of International Solar-Pond Work	p. 265
Current State of the Art and Future Directions	p. 277
Acknowledgements	p. 282
References	p. 282
Passive Cooling of Buildings	p. 295
Introduction	p. 296
On the Cooling Needs of Buildings	p. 297
Principles of Passive Cooling Techniques	p. 306
Urban Microclimate and Its Impact on the Cooling Needs of Buildings	p. 311
Technologies to Improve the Urban Microclimate	p. 316
Recent Progress on Solar Control and Heat Protection of Buildings	p. 322
Heat Amortization Techniques-Night Ventilation	p. 325
Advances in Thermal Comfort Studies	p. 326
Heat Dissipation Techniques	p. 327
Conclusions	p. 332
References	p. 333
Renewable Solar Energy for Traveling: Air, Land, and Water	p. 345
Introduction	p. 346
The Special Challenge	p. 347
Surface Movement on Land-In Still Air	p. 350
Land Surface Vehicles in Wind	p. 355
Flight	p. 356
Movement On or Under Water	p. 366
Other Techniques With Coupled Devices	p. 368
The Future	p. 369
References	p. 369
Modeling Solar Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems	p. 371
Introduction	p. 372
Hydrogen Energy Technology	p. 372
System Description	p. 381
System Modulation	p. 382
System Simulation	p. 400
Results	p. 408
Summary and Conclusions	p. 416
Acknowledgement	p. 416
References	p. 417
Renewable Energy For The Russian Economy	p. 423
General Estimation of Conditions of Renewable Energy use in Russia	p. 424
The Reasons Why Developed Countries are Actively Engaged in Using RE	p. 427
Why is it Necessary to be Engaged in RE Promotion in Russia?	p. 428
Opportunities in Russia	p. 429
Renewable Energy Economics	p. 436
Priority Measures Offered for Promotion of RE use in Russia	p. 438
Russian Renewable Energy Technologies (Short Review)	p. 438
Future Energy Technology	p. 448
Solar Stationary Trough Concentrator Technologies For Stand-Alone and Large-Scale Application	p. 450
Comparison of the Characteristics of Solar and Thermal Power Plants	p. 456
Conclusion	p. 460
References	p. 460
An Innovative, High Temperature and Concentration Solar Optical System at the Turn of the 19th Century: The Pyreheliophoro	p. 465
Introduction	p. 466
The Pyreheliophoro	p. 468
The St. Louis Fair of 1904	p. 480
Conclusion	p. 485
Acknowledgements	p. 486
References	p. 486
Errata from Advances in Solar Energy, Volume 14, 2001	p. 489
Renewable Energy Technology Mix for Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Stabilisation by 2050 (in Chapter 10)	p. 490
A scenario for fossil fuel replacement prepared by the authors showing how renewable energy sources could be allocated in a reasonable low demand future energy scenario	p. 491
Variations in the annual delivery of major fuels and technologies using the assumed load pattern in Fig. 1	p. 492
The demand curve for Scenario B in which constant per capita demand is assumed as population increases	p. 492
Development Strategies for Solar Thermal Electricity Generation (in Chapter 11)	p. 493
Results of levelised CO[subscript 2] avoidance costs versus coal fuel cost for line focus STE technologies	p. 494
Results of levelised CO[subscript 2] avoidance costs versus fossil fuel cost for solar/biomass line focus solar technologies and wind generation	p. 494
Word Index	p. 495
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