Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells II, Volume

Due to its many potential benefits, including high electrical efficiency and low environmental emissions, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology is the subject of extensive research and development efforts by national laboratories, universities, and private industries. In these proceedings, international scientists and engineers present recent technical progress on materials-related aspects of fuel cells including SOFC component materials, materials processing, and cell/stack design, performance, and stability. Emerging trends in electrochemical materials, electrodics, interface engineering, long-term chemical interactions, and more are included. This book is compiled of papers presented at the Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 22-27, 2006, Cocoa Beach, Florida. Organized and sponsored by The American Ceramic Society and The American Ceramic Society's Engineering Ceramics Division in conjunction with the Nuclear and Environmental Technology Division.

Andrew A. Wereszczak received his Ph.D. in Materials Science & Engineering from the University of Delaware in 1992, and while his research is varied, the study and interpretation of the relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure (of monolithic ceramics, structural materials, and electronic materials) are common denominators. Micromechanical characterization of structural and armor ceramics using instrumented static and dynamic indentation (e.g., Hertzian) with acoustic emission analysis, and adapting those measured performances and damage mechanism analyses to strength, rolling contact fatigue, wear, machining, and ballistic performances is a primary objective.
Additionally, ceramic strength and fatigue testing, ceramic fractographical and flaw population analyses, Weibull analysis strength-size-scaling, and probabilistic life prediction and design of structural ceramic components constitutive another primary research objective. In support of all these efforts, both conventional and microstructural-level finite element stress analyses and microstructure characterization are performed. He is the author or co-author of over 100 technical publications and has given over 80 presentations, and is the co-developer of µ-FEA software.

Preface xi

Introduction xiii

Overview and Current Status

Development of Two Types of Tubular SOFCs at TOT0 3
Akira Kawakami, Satoshi Matsuoka, Naoki Watanabe, Takeshi Saito, Akira Ueno, Tatsumi Ishihara, Natsuko Sakai, and Harumi Yokokawa

Cell and Stack Development

Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Using Lanthanum Gallate-Based Oxide as an Electrolyte 17
T. Yamada, N. Chitose, H. Etou, M. Yamada, K. Hosoi, N. Komada, T. Inagaki, F. Nishiwaki, K. Hashino, H. Yoshida, M. Kawano, S. Yamasaki, and T. lshihara

Anode Supported LSCM-LSGM-LSM Solid Oxide Fuel Cell 27
Alidad Mohammadi, Nigel M. Sammes, Jakub Pusz, and Alevtina L. Smirnova

Characterization/Testing

Influence of Anode Thickness on the Electrochemical Performance of Single Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 37
B. E. Buergler, Y. Santschi, M. Felberbaum, and L. J. Gauckler

Investigation of Performance Degradation of SOFC Using Chromium-Containing Alloy Interconnects 47
D. R. Beeaff, A. Dinesen, and P. V. Hendriksen

Degradation Mechanism of Metal Supported Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 55
D. Hathiramani, R. VaOen, J. Mertens, D. Sebold, V. A. C. Haanappel, and D. Stover

Effect of Transition Metal Ions on the Conductivity and Stability of Stabilized Zirconia 67
D. Lybye and M. Mogensen

Thermophysical Properties of YSZ and Ni-YSZ as a Function of Temperature and Porosity 79
M. Radovic, E. Lara-Curzio, R. M. Trejo, H. Wang, and W. D. Porter

Physical Properties in the Bi2O3-Fe2O3S ystem Containing Y2O3 and CaO Dopants 87
Hsin-Chai Huang, Yu-Chen Chang, and Tzer-Shin Sheu

Electrical Properties of Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 Ceramics Prepared by an Aqueous Process 95
Toshiaki Yamaguchi, Yasufumi Suzuki, Wataru Sakamoto, and Shin-ichi Hirano

Structural Study and Conductivity of BaZr0.90Ga0.10O2.95 105
lstaq Ahmed, Elisabet Ahlberg, Sten Eriksson, Christoper Knee, Maths Karlsson, Aleksandar Matic, and Lars Borjesson

Hydrogen Flux in Terbium Doped Strontium Cerate Membrane 119
Mohamed M. Elbaccouch and Ali T-Raissi

A Mechanical-Electrochemical Theory of Defects in Ionic Solids 125
Narasimhan Swaminathan and Jianmin Qu

Electrodes

Nanostructured Ceramic Suspensions for Electrodes and the Brazilian SOFC Network "Rede PaCOS" 139
R. C. Cordeiro, G. S. Trindade, R. N. S. H. MagalhSies, G. C. Silva, P. R. Villalobos, M. C. R. S. Varela, and P. E. V. de Miranda

Modeling of MlEC Cathodes: The Effect of Sheet Resistance 153
David S. Mebane, Erik Koep, and Meilin Liu

Cathode Thermal Delamination Study for a Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Functional Graded Properties: Experimental Investigation and Numerical Results 161
Gang Ju, Kenneth Reifsnider, and Jeong-Ho Kim

Electrochemical Characteristics of Ni/Gd-Doped Ceria and Ni/Sm-Doped Ceria Anodes for SOFC Using Dry Methane Fuel 175
Caroline Levy, Shinichi Hasegawa, Shiko Nakamura, Manabu Ihara, and Keiji Yamahara

Control of Microstructure of NiO-SDC Composite Particles for Development of High Performance SOFC Anodes 183
Koichi Kawahara, Seiichi Suda, Seiji Takahashi, Mitsunobu Kawano, Hiroyuki Yoshida, and Toru lnagaki

Electrochemical Characterization and Identification of Reaction Sites in Oxide Anodes 193
T. Nakamura, K. Yashiro, A. Kairnai, T. Otake, K. Sato, G.J . Park, T. Kawada, and J. Mizusaki

Interconnects and Protective Coatings

Corrosion Performance of Ferritic Steel for SOFC Interconnect Applications 201
M. Ziomek-Moroz, G. R. Holcomb, B. S. Covino, Jr., S. J. Bullard, P. D. Jablonski, and D. E. Alrnan

High Temperature Corrosion Behavior of Oxidation Resistant Alloys Under SOFC Interconnect Dual Exposures 211
Zhenguo Yang, Greg W. Coffey, Joseph P. Rice, Prabhakar Singh, Jeffry W. Stevenson, and Guan-Guang Xia

Electro-Deposited Protective Coatings for Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnects 223
Christopher Johnson, Chad Schaeffer, Heidi Barron, and Randall Gemmen

Properties of (Mn,Co)3O4 Spinel Protection Layers for SOFC Interconnects 231
Zhenguo Yang, Xiao-Hong Li, Gary D. Maupin, Prabhakar Singh, Steve P. Sirnner, Jeffry W. Stevenson, Guan-Guang Xia, and Xiaodong Zhou

Fuel Cell Interconnecting Coatings Produced by Different Thermal Spray Techniques 241
E. Garcia and T. W. Coyle

Surface Modification of Alloys for Improved Oxidation Resistance in SOFC Applications 253
David E. Alman, Paul D. Jablonski, and Steven C. Kung

Seals

Composite Seal Development and Evaluation 265
Matthew M. Seabaugh, Kathy Sabolsky, Gene B. Arkenberg, and Jerry L. Jayjohn

Investigation of SOFC-Gaskets Containing Compressive Mica Layers Under Dual Atmosphere Conditions 273
F. Wiener, M. Brarn, H.-P. Buchkrerner, and D. Sebold

Performance of Self-Healing Seals for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) 287
Raj N. Singh and Shailendra S. Parihar

Properties of Glass-Ceramic for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 297
S. T. Reis, R. K. Brow, T. Zhang, and P. Jasinski

Mechanical Behavior of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Seal Glass-Boron Nitride Nanotubes Composite 305
Sung R. Choi, Narottam P. Bansal, Janet B. Hurst, and Anita Garg

Mechanical Behaviour of Glassy Composite Seals for IT-SOFC Application 315
K. A. Nielsen, M. Solvang, S. B. L. Nielsen, and D. Beeaff

Mechanical Property Characterizations and Performance Modeling of SOFC Seals 325
Brian J. Koeppel, John S. Vetrano, Ba Nghiep Nguyen, Xin Sun, and Moe A. Khaleel

Mechanical Properties

Fracture Test of Thin Sheet Electrolytes 339
Jurgen Malzbender, Rolf W. Steinbrech, and Lorenz Singheiser

Failure Modes of Thin Supported Membranes 347
P. V. Hendriksen, J. R. Hprgsberg, A. M. Kjeldsen, B. F. Sorensena, and H. G. Pedersen

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of NiO/YSZ by Different Methods 361
Dustin R. Beeaff, S. Ramousse, and Peter V. Hendriksen

Fracture Toughness and Slow Crack Growth Behavior of Ni-YSZ and YSZ as a Function of Porosity and Temperature 373
M. Radovic, E. Lara-Curzio, and G. Nelson

Effect of Thermal Cycling and Thermal Aging on the Mechanical Properties of, and Residual Stresses in, Ni-YSZ/YSZ Bi-Layers 383
E. Lara-Curzio, M. Radovic, R. M. Trejo, C. Cofer, T. R. Watkins, and K. L. More

Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation Tools for Fracture Analysis in Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) 393
Janine Johnson and Jianmin Qu

Modeling

Electrochemistry and On-Cell Reformation Modeling for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks 409
K. P. Recknagle, D. T. Jarboe, K. I. Johnson, V. Korolev, M. A. Khaleel, and P. Singh

Modeling of HeaVMass Transport and Electrochemistry of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell 419
Yan Ji, J. N. Chung, and Kun Yuan

Author Index 435

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Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells II, Volume 27, Issue 4

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials